Analisar as ações relacionadas ao controle do câncer de mama nas Unidades de Atenção Básica de Saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, na perspectiva das usuárias. Pesquisa quantitativa exploratória, com base em corte transversal. Foram selecionadas mulheres com idade entre 35 e 69 anos, usuárias do serviço por tempo superior a três anos. Solicitada autorização da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto e aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo de acordo com o protocolo CAAE: 16982513.7.1001.5393. Utilizado amostragem probabilística complexa, com três níveis de estratificação: Unidades de Saúde (segundo modelo: Tradicional, Unidade de Saúde da Família e Mista), Usuárias (segundo faixa etária: 35-39 anos; 40-49 anos e 50-69 anos) e Regiões de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto (Distrito Norte, Distrito Sul, Distrito Leste, Distrito Oeste e Distrito Central). Amostra final de 631 mulheres e 30 unidades de saúde. As entrevistas foram concluídas em julho de 2014. Foi realizada análise descritiva e teste de hipóteses por meio de análise bi-variada na tabela de contingência usando o teste de chi-quadrado. Todos os testes consideraram um alfa bidirecional de 0,05 e Intervalo de Confiança de 95%, sendo auxiliados por softwares. Entre as usuárias entrevistadas, 332 (52,6%) eram casadas, apenas 25 usuárias (4%) referiram possuir superior completo, a maioria (339 - 53,7%) branca e pertencente às classes econômicas C1 (195 - 30,9%) e C2 (136 - 21,5%). Apenas 96 usuárias (15,2%) relataram possuir plano de saúde. Apesar da baixa prevalência de usuárias com histórico familiar de câncer de mama ou câncer de ovário na amostra estudada, observou-se que a investigação por parte dos profissionais de saúde sobre esta questão encontra-se aquém do esperado. Em relação às ações de rastreamento do câncer de mama, observou-se que 346 (54,83%) usuárias relataram realizar o exame clínico das mamas anualmente e 343 (54,4%) usuárias disseram ter recebido guia de encaminhamento para realizar mamografia entre 2009 e 2012. Quando a realização dos exames foi analisada de acordo com a faixa etária da usuária, a presença de fator de risco familiar para o câncer de mama e a periodicidade, constatou-se inadequação em relação às diretrizes propostas. O recebimento da Agenda da Mulher e a participação em reuniões educativas sobre o tema foram mencionados por poucas usuárias. De acordo com os dados obtidos, conclui-se que as ações de controle do câncer de mama empregadas no município estudado não são satisfatórias e não estão em conformidade com as diretrizes preconizadas, exigindo reformulações das práticas adotadas. Espera-se que os dados levantados possam subsidiar reflexões e direcionar a tomada de decisões / Analyzing the actions related to the control of breast cancer at the Basic Health Care Units of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo (SP), Brazil, from the perspective of the users. Exploratory quantitative research based on transversal cut. Women with ages between 35 and 69 years, users of time service superior to three years, were selected. Authorization was requested from the Municipal Health Secretariat of Ribeirão Preto. Approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Nursing School at Ribeirão Preto, of the Universidade de São Paulo, according to CAAE protocol: 16982513.7.1001.5393. A complex probabilistic sampling, with three levels of stratification was used: Health Units (according to model: Traditional, Family and Mixed Health Unit), Users (according to age: 35-39 years, 40-49 years and 50-69 years) and Health Regions of Ribeirão Preto (North District, South District, East District, West District and Central District). Final sample of 631 women and 30 health care units. The interviews were concluded in July of 2014. Descriptive analysis and hypothesis test were performed by means of bivariate analysis in the contingency table, using the chi-squared test. All tests considered a two-way alpha of 0.05 and confidence interval of 95%, aided by software. Among the interviewees, 332 (52.6%) were married, only 25 (4%) presented college degrees, most, 339 (53.7%) were white and belonged to economic class C1, 195 (30.9%), and C2, 136 (21.5%). Only 96 (25.2%) reported having health insurance. Despite the low prevalence of users with family history of breast cancer or ovary cancer in the studied sample, we verified that the investigation conducted by the health professionals regarding this matter is lower than expected. In relation to the actions of tracking breast cancer, we verified that 346 (54.83%) users reported performing the clinical breast exam annually, and 343 (54.4%) users reported receiving referral guide to perform mammography, between 2009 and 2012. When the exams were analyzed according to the users\" age, presence of the family risk factor for breast cancer and the periodicity, we verified inadequacy concerning the proposed directives. Receiving the Women\"s Schedule and participating in educational meetings on the theme were mentioned by few women. According to the data obtained, we conclude that the actions for controlling breast cancer employed in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto are not satisfactory and are not in accordance to the proposed directives, demanding reformulations of the adopted practices. We expect that the data surveyed can subsidize reflections and direct decision-making

Orientador: Márcio Ajudarte Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T09:56:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_MarcoAurelioCarvalhode_M.pdf: 2989445 bytes, checksum: 764bf15b465c7fc779b40cd34ebd3c1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) é o tumor maligno mais prevalente da cavidade bucal. Acomete principalmente homens com mais de 40 anos de idade, tabagistas e etilistas. Geralmente o diagnóstico é tardio (estádios clínicos III e IV), principalmente porque o CEC é assintomático nas fases iniciais e a maioria dos programas de prevenção do câncer de boca realiza exames esporádicos e não foca a população de risco. Portanto, esse trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar indivíduos de ambos os gêneros com mais de 40 anos de idade, tabagistas/ex-tabagistas e ou etilistas/ex-etilistas por meio de busca ativa em 04 Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) na cidade de Piracicaba visando identificar possíveis lesões bucais. A população alvo foi de 800 indivíduos, identificados pelos registros das USFs. Foram realizados exames clínicos nos participantes voluntários, entre abril de 2009 e julho de 2010. Durante esse período foram examinados 125 pacientes. Foram encontradas 73 lesões da mucosa bucal em 55 (44%) participantes. As lesões mais comuns foram candidose por prótese (19), hiperqueratose friccional (18), úlceras traumáticas (11) e hiperplasias fibrosas (7). Em cinco participantes havia lesões suspeitas, cujos resultados histopatológicos foram: um adenoma pleomórfico, um carcinoma espinocelular metastático de pulmão em linfonodo supraclavicular, dois casos de queilite actínica e um caso de leucoplasia com displasia epitelial intensa. Paciente com diagnóstico de leucoplasia foi relutante ao tratamento e após doze meses a lesão leucoplásica sofreu transformação para carcinoma espinocelular. Paciente com adenoma pleomórfico foi submetido à cirurgia e após análise da peça cirúrgica foi diagnosticado como carcinoma ex-adenoma pleomórfico. Apesar da baixa adesão da população alvo, concluiu-se que programa de rastreamento em população com fatores de risco é eficiente e deve ser estimulado / Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the oral cavity. It mainly affects men over 40 years of age, with risk factors as tobacco and alcohol usage. Usually the diagnosis is established later on (stages III and IV), mainly because the SCC is asymptomatic in the early stages and most programs to prevent oral cancer are sporadic and do not focus risk population. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate people of both gender over 40 years of age, smokers/ex-smokers and or drinkers/ex-drinkers by active searching in 4 Family Health Units (FHU) in Piracicaba city aiming to identify possible oral lesion. The target population was 800 subjects, identified from Health Program Family's database. Clinical exams were performed between April 2009 and July 2010. During this period, 125 subjects were evaluated. Seventy three oral lesions were observed in 55 (44%) subjects. The most common lesions were candida-associated denture stomatitis (19), frictional hyperkeratosis (18), traumatic ulcers (11) and fibrous hyperplasia (7). In five participants there were suspicious lesions, which histopathologic results were: one pleomorphic adenoma, one metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from lung in supraclavicular lymph node, two cases of actinic cheilitis and one case of leukoplakia with severe dysplasia. Patient diagnosed with leukoplakia was reluctant to treatment and after twelve months the lesion transformed in squamous cell carcinoma. Patient with pleomorphic adenoma underwent surgery and the surgical specimen was diagnosed as carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. Despite the low compliance of the target population, it was concluded that a screening program performed in high-risk individuals is efficient and should be stimulated / Mestrado / Estomatologia / Mestre em Estomatopatologia

Introdução: O impacto da doença renal na saúde é alto para os pacientes e para os serviços de saúde em todo o mundo, e a triagem para doença renal crônica (DRC) tem sido cada vez mais defendida. Estudos de base populacional referentes à prevalência da DRC na comunidade são limitados. Objetivos: Estudamos prospectivamente se a estratificação pelos valores do SCORED registrados poderá ser útil para identificar indivíduos que estão em alto risco de ter doença renal crônica em uma amostra da população geral e comparamos com os métodos de diagnósticos convencionais para DRC. Casuística e métodos: A freqüência de indivíduos com alto risco para a DRC foi determinada utilizando um estudo transversal de 873 indivíduos adultos em Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil. Os indivíduos entrevistados foram selecionados aleatoriamente através de um método estratificado por conglomerados. Idade, sexo e raça foram semelhantes à população urbana de Palmas. DRC foi definida através do ritmo de filtração glomerular estimado (RFGe) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Resultados: Um RFGe <60 ml/min/ 1.73 m2 estava presente em 46 (5,3%) dos participantes estudados. O risco de ter doença renal crônica foi maior em mulheres que em homens, e aumentou com a idade de 2,7% no grupo de 18-44 anos de idade para 19,0% naqueles com 65 anos de idade ou mais. As freqüências da DRC nos estágios 3, 4 e 5 foram de 4,8%, 0,5% e 0%, respectivamente. Os valores do SCORED incluíram 224 (25,7%) indivíduos com altos valores ( 4), e 649 (74,3%) indivíduos com baixos valores. Indivíduos com maiores valores na pontuação do SCORED tiveram um risco significativamente maior de ter doença renal crônica em comparação com aqueles que tinham menores valores pontuados (12,9% vs 2,6%, 2 = 35,58, p <0,001). A sensibilidade para prever DRC por esse modelo foi de 63% e a especificidade foi de 76%, o valor preditivo positivo foi de 13%, enquanto o valor preditivo negativo foi de 76%. Conclusão: Valores elevados do SCORED foram associados a um risco maior de ter doença renal crônica em uma amostra da população geral. Esta ferramenta simples de triagem foi uma ferramenta útil para identificar indivíduos de alto risco para DRC / Background and objective: The health burden of renal disease is high for patients and health services worldwide, and screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasingly advocated. Population-based studies relating to the prevalence of CKD in the community are limited. We prospective studied whether stratification by SCORED values could be useful to identify subjects who are at high-risk for having CKD in a general population-based sampling. Design, participants & methods: The frequency of individuals at high-risk for CKD was determined using a cross-sectional study of 873 adult households in Palmas, Brazil, randomly selected using a stratified, cluster method. Age, gender, and race were similar to the entire Palmas´ urban population. Results: An estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was present in 46 (5.3%) of participants studied, and the risk for having CKD was greater in women than in men, and it increased with age from 2.7% in the 18 to 44 yr age group to 19.0% in those 65 yr of age older. The frequencies of CKD Stage 3, 4 and 5 were 4.8%, 0.5% and 0%, respectively. SCORED values included 224 (25.7%) patients with high SCORED values (4), and 649 (74.3%) subjects with low SCORED values. Subjects with higher SCORED values were at a significantly higher risk of having CKD compared with those who had lower SCORED values (12.9% vs 2.6%, 2 = 35.58; p <0.001). The sensivity for predicting CKD by SCORED model was 63% and the specificity was 76%; the positive predictive value was 13%, whereas the negative predictive value was 76%. Conclusion: High SCORED values were associated with a higher risk for having CKD in a general population-based sampling. This simple screening tool was a useful tool to identify individuals at high-risk for CKD

Four methods were investigated to determine their suitability for use in a CF screening programme for the province of British Columbia. A fecal trypsin method which measured trypsin activity by incubating dry stool samples on filter paper cards with the substrate p-tosyl-arginine methyl ester (TAME) and a pH sensitive dye was shown to be non-specific and therefore unsatisfactory. An attempt to combine a fecal albumin screen with a more specific quantitative immunodiffusion technique for albumin and alpha-1 antitrypsin was unsuccessful. A meconium albumin assay using the Boehringer-Mannheim Corporation (BMC) test-strip and a more specific fecal trypsin assay which uses the substrate benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) were incorporated into two pilot projects at Children's Hospital in Vancouver. The BMC test-strip was simple to use, reliable and inexpensive. Of 8,891 infants tested, 3 positives were diagnosed as suffering from cystic fibrosis and 1 CF patient tested negative. False positives were obtained on 1.3% of infants. The incidence of CF as determined by this screen was 1 in 2000. The meconium albumin screen was satisfactory as a local pilot project but the disadvantages of testing the unstable meconium specimens make the screen unsuitable for a province-wide application. The BAPNA fecal trypsin method devised by Crossley was used to test 4085 dry stool specimens collected in the hospital and at home. Out of a total number of 190 positive results, none was diagnosed as having CF, giving a false positive rate of 5.0% for the hospital collected specimens and 3.4% for the specimens collected at home. The false positive rate in the hospital collected specimens was due mostly to the large proportion of young infants (under 3 days). The false positive rate of the home collected specimens appeared to be due mostly to the thinner spread of stool sample on the card. Because the quantity of stool sample per test was significantly lower in the home than the hospital collected specimens a new cut-off point for the home collected specimens was considered. Its application/ however did not lower the false positive rate sufficiently. As a result, the high incidence of false positives and the difficulties encountered as a result of this incidence also makes the fecal trypsin screen unsuitable for the province of B.C. Difficulties encountered during the follow-up of positive results obtained in the two pilot projects are discussed and recommendations are made regarding the efficient and adequate implementation of a follow-up system. / Medicine, Faculty of / Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of / Graduate

A community health unit in a British Columbia suburb established a screening clinic for 3-year-olds modelled on similar programs already operating in nearby localities. The purpose of the study was to describe this new screening clinic: to report on the procedures employed, the personnel involved, the characteristics of the clientele, and the types, incidence, and disposition of problems detected amongst the children brought to the clinic. The study population consisted of the 47 children and their parents who were the clients of the clinic during its first three months. The research instruments were original questionnaires and forms devised to obtain sociological and health history information. The forms were completed during a home visit and by a telephone interview with each family. The data are arranged in frequency tables and percentages calculated where appropriate. A few variables are cross-tabulated to add descriptive depth to the study. The families in the study were from the middle and upper-middle class segment of society. They had frequently used other health resources in the community. The mothers' main concerns were about speech and language development and behavior problems of their children. Twenty-four children were referred by the clinic staff for 39 problems requiring retesting, further investigation, or intervention. Twelve of these referrals were for problems of vision, 10 for behavior, 6 for speech and language, 3 each for hearing, nutrition, and dental health, and 2 for physical developmental delay. The children cooperated enthusiastically in the test procedures and their parents found the clinic to be reassuring and a valuable learning experience. The parents were willing to comply with the referrals, but some delays in the follow-up procedures were noted, due to the newness of the clinic. The screening clinic for 3-year-olds appears to be filling a previously unmet need in the community. Community health workers involved in planning and promoting new services should find the detailed descriptions of the procedures and of the clientele of the clinic useful to them. The extensive bibliography provides a background of published material on the rationale and result of a variety of methods of screening. Comparison with similar clinics in other areas will be impossible until terminology used, test procedures employed, and methods of reporting results are standardized. Meanwhile, the clinic staff should continue to maintain statistical evidence of the results obtained and to evaluate the procedures used in its program. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Mesquita / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:52:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_BiancaRosaViana_M.pdf: 1586958 bytes, checksum: d79cc5666f8ce8e1281b43dad83b32ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O câncer colorretal (CCR) tem uma alta mortalidade, que pode ser diminuída com o rastreamento da população de risco médio a partir dos 50 anos de idade. Além da detecção precoce do CCR, é importante que os métodos de rastreamento identifiquem a presença de adenomas avançados. Um dos procedimentos recomendados para o rastreamento populacional é a pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes, realizada anualmente. O método tradicional para essa pesquisa é o teste do guáiaco. Entretanto, esse método tem uma sensibilidade relativamente baixa para detectar o CCR, e muito baixa para detectar os adenomas avançados. Além disso, exige dos pacientes várias restrições dietéticas e medicamentosas. Mais recentemente, os dados da literatura têm sugerido que o método imunoquímico de pesquisa do sangue oculto fecal é uma alternativa mais eficaz que o teste do guáiaco, com a vantagem de não demandar restrições dietéticas para a sua realização. Entretanto, existem ainda discordâncias entre os autores quanto à acurácia do método. Além disso, na maior parte dos estudos os pacientes com resultados negativos para a pesquisa do sangue oculto fecal não foram submetidos à colonoscopia, o que impede a determinação da sensibilidade e especificidade do teste. No Brasil ainda não existem estudos com grandes casuísticas para avaliar o desempenho desse método na detecção do CCR e de adenomas avançados. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da pesquisa do sangue oculto nas fezes pelo método imunoquímico na detecção do CCR e de adenomas avançados em comparação com os achados da colonoscopia. A população de estudo foi constituída pelos pacientes com agendamento para o exame de colonoscopia no Gastrocentro entre julho de 2009 e julho de 2010. Foi solicitado que trouxessem uma amostra de fezes no dia da reunião de orientação sobre o exame de colonoscopia, realizada sete dias antes da realização do exame. Ao final, 302 pacientes realizaram os dois exames, sendo 64,2% do sexo feminino e 35,8% do sexo masculino, com idade de 56 ± 14 anos. As principais indicações para a colonoscopia foram: seguimento pós-cirúrgico de pacientes com CCR, alteração do hábito intestinal e seguimento de pólipos. Quanto aos resultados da colonoscopia, o exame não demonstrou nenhuma anormalidade em 52% dos pacientes, enquanto que o principal achado foi a presença de pólipos em 24,5% dos pacientes. Nove (3%) pacientes apresentaram CCR e 11 (15%) apresentaram adenomas avançados. A comparação com os dados da colonoscopia mostrou que a pesquisa do sangue oculto nas fezes pelo método imunoquímico apresentou sensibilidade de 88,9% para detectar o CCR e de 63,6% para os adenomas avançados. A especificidade do teste tanto para CCR quanto para adenomas avançados foi de 87,6 %. Em conclusão, a pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes pelo método imunoquímico apresentou uma boa sensibilidade e especificidade para a detecção das neoplasias avançadas na população estudada, indicando que esse método pode ser um instrumento útil para os futuros programas de rastreamento no Brasil / Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high mortality, which can be reduced through the screening of average-risk population beginning at age 50 years. In addition to the early detection of CRC, it is important that screening methods to identify the presence of advanced adenomas. One of the recommended procedures for population screening is the fecal occult blood test held annually. The traditional method for this research is the guaiac test. However, this method has a relatively low sensitivity for detecting CRC and very low to detect advanced adenomas. In addition, the test requires dietary and medication restrictions. More recently, data from the literature have suggested that the immunochemical fecal occult blood test is a more effective alternative to the guaiac test, with the advantage that it does not require dietary restrictions. However, there are still disagreements among authors regarding the accuracy of the method. Furthermore, in most studies the patients with negative results for the fecal occult blood test did not undergo colonoscopy, and therefore sensitivity and specificity could not be calculated. In Brazil there are no studies with large samples to assess the accuracy of this method. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the immunochemical fecal occult blood test for the detection of CRC and advanced adenomas compared with the findings of colonoscopy. The study population was composed of patients scheduled for colonoscopy at Gastrocentro-Unicamp between July 2009 and July 2010. Patients were asked to bring a stool sample on the day of the educational session about colonoscopy, which takes place one week before the exam. At the end, 302 patients underwent both examinations, 64.2% were female and 35.8% male, with mean age 56 ± 14 years. The main indications for colonoscopy were: postoperative follow-up of patients with RCC, changes in bowel habits and follow-up of polyps. Regarding the results of the colonoscopy examination, no abnormality was found in 52% of patients, whereas the main finding was the precence of polyps in 24.% of patients. Nine (3%) of our patients had RCC, while 11 (15%) had advanced adenomas. The comparison with the data of colonoscopy showed that the immunochemical fecal occult blood test had a sensitivity of 88.9% to detect CCR and 63.6% for advanced adenomas. The specificity of the test for both CCR and advanced adenomas was 87.6%. In conclusion, the immunochemical fecal occult blood test showed good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of advanced neoplasia in our study population, indicating that this method can be a useful tool for future screening programs in Brazil / Mestrado / Clinica Medica / Mestra em Clínica Médica

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Zeferino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T01:58:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fachini_AnaMariaDias_M.pdf: 1042048 bytes, checksum: 6176c860fd833532ab405cd5f279c6ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Introdução: A LIE-BG tem maior prevalência em mulheres jovens e a conduta expectante deve ser considerada ao invés da realização de testes para detecção de DNA-HPV. Mulheres com LIE-BG podem apresentar NIC 2 ou NIC 3 e, por este motivo, a conduta frente a este resultado deve selecionar as mulheres com maior risco para lesões mais graves. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação de alguns fatores de risco para diagnóstico histológico de lesão de alto grau em mulheres com resultado citológico de LIE-BG. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 791 mulheres resultado de LIE-BG na citologia de rastreamento e que foram encaminhadas para colposcopia imediata. Ausência de neoplasia foi considerado o diagnóstico final em 235 mulheres nas quais a colposcopia foi normal. Outras 92 mulheres foram submetidas a excisão da zona de transformação. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade da mulher, idade de início de atividade sexual (IAS), tempo de atividade sexual (TAS) e adimplência ao rastreamento do câncer do colo útero. Resultados: Observou-se maior prevalência de NIC 3 e menor prevalência de casos sem neoplasia e NIC 1 nas mulheres com maior TAS. Inadimplência com o rastreamento está associada com maior prevalência de NIC 3 (OR=2.91; 1.27-6.63). A análise multivariada mostrou que NIC 3 está fortemente associado com TAS >10 anos quando comparado com TAS < 4 anos (OR=8.33; 1.82-33.33) e 5-9 anos (OR=7.69; 1.85-33.33) e essa associação foi limítrofe para a inadimplência com o rastreamento (OR=2.39; 0.96-5.92). A IAS não esteve associada a nenhum dos desfechos estudados. Conclusões: Mulheres com resultado citológico de LIE-BG têm maior probabilidade de revelar NIC 3 quando elas têm mais de 10 anos de tempo de atividade sexual e quando elas estão inadimplentes com o rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero. Essas mulheres devem ser encaminhadas imediatamente para colposcopia / Abstract: Introduction: LSIL shows higher prevalence in young women and conservative management should be considered other than HPV testing. Women with LSIL cytology may reveal CIN2 or CIN3 and for that reason the management should select the women with the higher risk for more severe lesions. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association of some factors with histological outcome of women showing cytological LSIL. Methods: This study included 791 women with screening cytology showing LSIL who were referred to immediate colposcopy. The final diagnosis was considered "no neoplasia" for 235 women who had normal colposcopy. Other 92 women were undergone to excision of transformation zone. The variables analysed were woman's age, age of first sexual intercourse (FSI) and interval since FSI and screening compliance. Results: Higher interval since de FSI was associated with higher prevalence rate for CIN3 and lower prevalence rates for "no neoplasia" and CIN1. No screening compliance was associated with higher prevalence of CIN3 (OR=2.91; 1.27-6.63). Multivariate analysis showed that CIN 3 outcome was strongly associated with interval since FSI >10 years taking as reference <4 years (OR=8.33; 1.82-33.33) and 5-9 years (OR=7.69; 1.85-33.33) and it showed borderline association with no screening compliance (OR=2.39; 0.96-5.92). Age of FSI was not associated with any diagnosis. Conclusions: Women with LSIL screening cytology have higher probability to reveal CIN3 outcome when they have 10 or more years of since FSI and when they are non-compliant with cervical cancer screening. These women should have immediate colposcopy / Mestrado / Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

The work deals with n-channel system enabling many sample analysis at sort time from sensor array using electrochemical methods. The 8x12 sensor arrays are formed from 3 electrodes system created on PCB which can be used for heavy metal analysis and toxic substances determination. The control unit switches each 3 electrode sensor to 8 channel precise potentiostat which was designed for electrochemical analysis with current sensitivity below 10 pA. The potentiostat can synchronize with control unit. Developed system is able to measure up to eight single inputs and may be simply converted to measure other nonchemical values. Measured data will be sent to user-friendly application in computer and analyzed or saved consequently.

Background: Currently, participation in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NHSBCSP) is poor, with around half of all people invited returning their (FOBT) kits. The research programme aimed to investigate whether a general practitioner’s (GP) letter encouraging participation and a detailed leaflet explaining how to complete the (FOBT) included with the invitation materials would improve uptake. Methods: The research programme was divided into three phases which were designed to sequentially develop and evaluate the two interventions. The initial and second phases developed and refined the two interventions and the trial outcome measures with previous participants and stakeholder representatives. The final phase was a randomised 2x2 factorial trial conducted with people invited to screening in October 2009. Participants were randomised to either a GP’s endorsement letter and/or a detailed procedural leaflet with their FOBT kit. The primary outcome was verified participation in the NHSBCSP. Questionnaires were also used to evaluate participant perceptions of CRC screening and GPs views on involvement with the NHSBCSP. Results: The factorial trial demonstrated both the GP’s endorsement letter and the detailed procedural leaflet increased participation in the NHSBCSP. In the intention-to-treat analysis, participation improved by 6% for the detailed procedural leaflet and 5.8% for the GP endorsement letter 20 weeks after receipt of the FOBT kit. The random effects logistic regression model confirmed that there was no important interaction between the two interventions, and estimated an adjusted rate ratio of 1.11 (P=0.038) for the GP’s letter and 1.12 (P=0.029) for the leaflet. The per protocol analysis indicated that the insertion of an electronic GP’s signature on the endorsement letter was associated with increased participation (P=0.039). Conclusions: Including both an endorsement letter from each patient’s GP and a detailed procedural leaflet could increase participation in the NHSBCSP by around 10%, a relative improvement of 20% on the current participation rate. Both interventions were well-received by participants and there was minimal impact on GP workload.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3551. Advisers: Florence J. Dallo; Raul Caetano. Includes bibliographical references.