This thesis is an analysis of the effects of pronatalist policies and social pressure to have children on the role of women in society. Written in French.

This paper explores the daily life of female Japanese spouses and the performance of their cultural citizenship under the constraints of the Taiwanese mainstream culture and social structure.. With in-depth interview of fifteen female Japanese spouses marrying Taiwanese men in Taiwan, and observation of two field sites where these spouses teach their children, this research finds that the ¡§cultural citizenship¡¨ of these Japanese spouses is not a static concept which marks the differences between Taiwanese and Japanese cultures, but a dynamic process that these Japanese spouses need to negotiate the daily Taiwanese cultures in everyday life, especially in the domain of language use and maternity performance.

According to statistics by the Council of Taiwan, the fertility rate in Taiwan is the world's lowest in 2010. The average number of babies born to women of childbearing age life is 0.9 people. In other words, the average number of children per woman is less than 1. In 2023 Taiwan will enter a negative population growth. Taiwan's population structure becomes a declining birthrate, aging society.The future workforce reduction will greatly affect the competitiveness of Taiwan. The most important factor of decreasing fertility in Taiwan is economics.The majority of people think that raising children has become a heavy burden.Except for a few women, due to personal career planning, work and other factors not yet fertility or infertility .The majority of women still want to have her own children.The most people's attitude of giving birth is reserved because of high unemployment rate ,unsound preschool education system and little child-care subsidy . In the empirical study found that there is no relationship between the fertility rates and the amount of maternity allowance.That is maternity grant can not increase fertility rate. If maternity benefits can not be improved the fertility rate,the fertility incentives of tax breaks are smaller to people.There are some shortcomings of tax incentives for increase the birth,such as revenue loss,tax fairness and so on. It is also possible to increase the birth rate had no significant improvement. The government uses tax benefits to increase fertility rate depending on revenue loss and population growth . The amount and range of tax incentives should be calculated carefully in order to make a balance between the revenue loss and population growth.

Thesis (MSN) -- University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on February 1, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing Faculty of Nursing. At head of title: University of Alberta. Spring 2010. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Deborah Frank, Florida State University, School of Nursing. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 17, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

In this dissertation, I argue that the maternal body is a chief site of discursive political and cultural struggle over gender, family, and work in a neoliberal America. I consider contemporary discourses of maternity, an aggregate I call maternity culture, as cultural products and rhetorical expressions of the antagonistic arrangements in contemporary capitalism since the neoliberal turn. The complexities of maternity culture discourses can therefore be better understood when they are historicized alongside changing economic and political realities. Using materialist feminism as my primary methodology, I contend that maternity culture discourses express the ethics of neoliberalism including the privatization of social/political responsibility and self-actualization through entrepreneurialism and labor, while simultaneously justifying the intensification of maternal labor and the continued surveillance of women's bodies. I argue that maternity culture discourses are, therefore, rhetorics of reproduction and reproducing rhetorics. That is to say, they are a part of a larger set of discourses about the reproductive function that are themselves caught in the logics of capital that may result in the reproduction of unequal arrangements in material and symbolic life. In order to illuminate how maternity culture operates in neoliberal public life as a reproducing rhetoric, I provide a historical analysis of rhetorics of women's health, and analyze two case studies involving discourses surrounding breastfeeding and natural childbirth, major sites of struggle within maternity culture. / text

Syfte: Att undersöka mammors behov av kunskapsmässigt, emotionellt och socialt stöd under barnets första år samt identifiera vilka stödgivande aktörer kvinnorna upplever är viktigast. Metod: Deskriptiv tvärsnittstudie. Sjuttio mammor som besökte någon av sex kommunala öppna förskolor i Uppsala läns landsting svarade på en enkät om deras behov av stöd. Resultat: Hälso- och sjukvården var den viktigaste aktören för många av mammorna som sökte informationsstöd. Studien visade att alla mammorna inte fått det kunskapsstöd de önskade. Socialt stöd och emotionellt stöd var viktigt för nästan alla mammor och många efterfrågade emotionellt stöd från hälso- och sjukvården. Mammornas behov var relaterat till deras ålder, och även i viss utsträckning utbildning och sysselsättning. Slutsats: Om BVC-sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal som möter mammor med barn under ett år, ser till helheten i deras situation genom att erbjuda såväl kunskapsstöd som emotionellt stöd kan de bidra till att skapa långsiktigt nöjda och trygga mödrar. / Aim: To explore mother's needs in terms of knowledge, emotional and social support during the baby’s first year and to identify what support giving conductors the women feel important. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Seventy mothers who visited one of six municipal open pre-schools in Uppsala County Council responded to a questionnaire about their support needs. Results: Health care was the main conductor for many of the mothers who sought information support. The study showed that not all mothers have got the knowledge support they wished. Social support and emotional support was important most mothers, and many sought emotional support from health care. Mothers' needs were related to their age, and also to some extent, education and employment. Conclusion: If child health nurses and other health care professionals, who encounter mothers with children under the age of one year, see the whole picture of their situation by offering both knowledge and emotional support, they can help create satisfied and secure mothers in the long term.

No description available.

Research has shown that there is a problem in the delivery of quality care in maternal and child health services in Zambia. The 1996 Zambia demographic and health survey estimated maternal mortality rate as high as 649 per 100,000 live birth, with this reason among others, human resource constraints and low number of supervised antenatal clinics, deliveries and postnatal clinics by skilled personnel as some of the reasons for the high maternal mortality. Selected studies identify the role of a clinical nurse specialist in advanced midwifery and neonatology who has acquired the knowledge and practical skills to bring about the desired impact of quality care in safe mother hood in order to bring down the high maternal mortality rates. In order to achieve this, the government needs to integrate the advanced midwifery and neonatology clinical nurse specialist in the health system. It was the purpose of the study to inquire into the feasibility of integration of the advanced midwifery and neonatology clinical nurse specialist in the Ndola District Health system .

Maternal health care services are one of the health interventions to reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The health of mothers of childbearing age and of the unborn babies is influenced by many factors some of which include the availability and accessibility of health services for pregnant women. Low quality of health services being provided, and limited access to health facilities is correlated with increases maternal morbidity and mortality. This situation is caused by long distances between facilities as well as the people's own beliefs in traditional practices. This study was about the assessment of the women's knowledge on benefits of delivery in a hospital, the barriers to delivery services, and the perception of the delivery services rendered in the maternity ward of Okakarara hospital.