This subject has been chosen by the writer for the purpose of discussing these problems of performance, arising with the composition, the St. Matthew Passion, by J. S. Bach. Since Bach was a German and wrote in that language, the edition used is called the American edition. The performances in America are, with few exceptions, based upon translations which must be accurately edited so as not to obscure Bach's intentions.

Diploma thesis "Social-Ethical Aspects of the Jesus' Sermon on the Mount" reflects on chapters 5 - 7 of Mathew 's Gospel. It is based on the Greek translation of the Gospel and aims to express the supertemporal prehension of Jesus' ethical requirements by a man of any century, meaning by a man of our current days too. The paper verges on biblical studies and practical and spiritual theology. Diploma thesis focuses on relation between Jesus' requirements and ancient Hebrew ethical and social norms described in Torah and updated in Old Testament Prophets' scriptures. This paper shows their cohesion but emphasizes the Jesus original approach which reveals a deeper meaning of all Torah ethical norms and rules. Following the chapters of Sermon on the Mount , it is described how St. Matthew uses this intention . Social and ethical aspects of this text are highlighted and covered by many Old Testament citations which are related to the background of Jesus' Teachings. This paper also describes basic approaches to the Sermon on the Mount interpretation and shows the reader the direction. But no final conclusion of this topic can be made as we have been dealing with the secret.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar um comentário bíblico do franciscano Pedro de João Olivi (ca.1248-1298), intitulado Lectura super Matthaeum (leitura ou comentário sobre Mateus), capítulo 16, visando compreender os métodos interpretativos de análise adotados por esse franciscano, bem como os assuntos tratados, tais como a visão que nutria a respeito da Igreja de Roma, as críticas que fez sobre os rumos da Ordem Franciscana e a doutrina do pleno poder papal. Nesse sentido, buscamos identificar se essa doutrina aparece, e como aparece, em nossa fonte principal de estudo, discorrendo de que forma suas ideias contribuíram para abalar as estruturas eclesiásticas, além de verificar em que medida as teses por ele desenvolvidas levaram a uma real necessidade de se reformular a plenitudo potestatis papalis. / The goal masters dissertation is the analysis of Franciscan Peter John Olivis biblical comment named Lectura super Matthaeum (comment under Matthew), chapter 16. We propose to understand the method of interpretation and analysis adopted by Olivi, as well as his themes, like his perspectives about the Church of Rome, his criticism about the Franciscan Order, and the absolute papal governments doctrine. For, we search to identify if that doctrine appears and how it happens in our main source of study, and to show by which means his ideas contributed to put in check the ecclesiastical structure. We propose, also, to verify by which manner the thesis developed by Olivi conducted to a real need of reformulation of the plenitudo potestatis papalis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 400756.pdf: 14916111 bytes, checksum: c8e32f3fd2366d816a573fc02945add7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-16 / Este trabalho parte da concep??o do livro como objeto de fun??o est?tica e comunicativa, signo que indica seu conte?do e que chama a aten??o sobre si mesmo enquanto suporte, com potencial para ser reconhecido como objeto de arte. Para isso, a autora recorreu ?s categorias classificat?rias da fun??o est?tica e art?stica na localiza??o do livro como objeto est?tico de G?rard Genette, aos escritos de Paul Val?ry e ?s reflex?es de designers como Richard Hendel e Guto Lins, entre outros. Em seguida, analisou os discursos verbais e visuais da edi??o Peter Pan publicada pela Editora Moderna, Selo Salamandra, em 2006, dentro de uma concep??o que prev? a sua integra??o em um composto h?brido e sinf?nico, cujas diretrizes foram desenvolvidas a partir das categorias de an?lise do discurso conforme Genette, estabelecendo paralelos e inter-rela??es comportamentais entre a voz visual e a voz verbal. Depois, penetrou nos seus elementos semi?ticos, aos quais denominou mel?dicos, demonstrando a correspond?ncia s?gnica e transcriativa de uma linguagem para outra, inspirada sobretudo em Julio Plaza, no iconologista Otto P?cht e no psic?logo cognitivo Rudolf Arnheim. Recolheu uma amostra iconogr?fica hist?rica para exemplificar o comportamento das diversas ressignifica??es visuais e o modo como elas influenciam no e s?o influenciadas pelo percurso diacr?nico das edi??es da obra de James M. Barrie. A an?lise estendeu-se aos discursos em seu comportamento integrativo dentro de uma concep??o de sinfonia maestrada pelo projeto gr?fico; foram inclu?dos coment?rios sobre a tradu??o de Ana Maria Machado, porque considerados parte constitutiva do discurso h?brido apresentado na edi??o em pauta. A autora tamb?m se ocupou do potencial receptivo do objeto-livro, a partir da configura??o de um receptor presente em sua capacidade cognitivo-intelectiva e cognitivo-sentimental, a partir de uma reflex?o de Gaston Bachelard sobre a apropria??o din?mica ressonante e repercutiva da arte pelo sujeito. Buscando amparo te?rico em Edgar Morin, da sociologia, e Ant?nio Dam?sio, da neurologia, em contraponto ? est?tica da recep??o, de Wolfang Iser e Hans Robert Jauss, apresentados junto ? hermen?utica da arte conforme Otto P?cht, localizou no corpus seu potencial perceptivo sentimental e intelectivo. Aqui, foram ?teis as categorias de contraponto desenvolvidas pelas pesquisadoras Maria Nikolajeva e Carole Scott para o modo como os discursos gr?ficovisuais e verbais se interrelacionam e se oferecem ? recep??o. Com base nesse levantamento, a autora simulou um leitor-modelo no ato de manipula??o e leitura das p?ginas do livro. Suas considera??es finais, longe de se mostrarem conclusivas, entendem essa disserta??o como provocativa a novos questionamentos. Sobretudo, no que tange a intera??o n?o apenas intelectual, mas emo-afetiva com o objeto est?tico, prev?-se o prosseguimento em dire??o a uma pesquisa emp?rica, a fim de constatar como se d?o de fato as intera??es do receptor com a edi??o analisada. Por fim, as refer?ncias visuais necess?rias anexadas atuam como exemplo e amostra onde devem repousar os conceitos levantados, deixando-se ressaltar em seu comportamento apelativo e qualidades gr?fico-visuais significativas, ao mesmo tempo em que contextualiza o corpus selecionado.

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the extent to which the singular readings of a manuscript reveal the tendencies of the scribe who wrote its text by examining three related Greek manuscripts from the sixth century. The three manuscripts are all luxury copies of the Gospels' purple codices, so named because they are written in silver and gold ink on parchment that has been dyed purple. The manuscripts, Codex Purpureus Petropolitanus (N 022), Codex Sinopensis (O 023) and Codex Rossanensis (Σ 042), were all copied in the sixth century from a common exemplar. Chapter One introduces the three manuscripts. Chapter Two provides a history of research on scribal habits and singular readings, and it describes the method used in this thesis to determine both the validity of the singular readings method and the actual scribal habits of 022, 023 and 042. Chapter Three provides a preliminary assessment of each scribe by comparing scribal features in the passages extant in all three manuscripts. Chapters Four, Five and Six assess the scribal habits of 022, 023 and 042, respectively. In these chapters, perceived scribal habits are measured by a modified singular readings method to replicate the situation for each manuscript if it had no extant close relatives' the situation for most early manuscripts. Actual scribal habits are then determined by the places the scribe changed the text of the exemplar. Chapter Seven offers some concluding thoughts about the scribes, their exemplar and the use of singular readings to determine scribal habits. Appendix One presents for the first time an edition of the reconstructed text of the exemplar of 022, 023 and 042, where at least two of the three manuscripts are extant. Appendices Two, Three and Four are full transcriptions of the Gospel of Matthew in 022, 023 and 042, respectively. Appendix Five provides information on singular readings and corrections in 042 where it alone is extant of the three manuscripts. Appendix Six describes the codicological structures of the three manuscripts. Appendix Seven is a transcription and brief discussion of 080, a fragmentary of a purple codex dating to the sixth century. Finally, both 022 and 042 contain a series of secondary corrections made against a second exemplar, and Appendix Eight argues that the scribe of 042 was responsible for these corrections in both manuscripts.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar um comentário bíblico do franciscano Pedro de João Olivi (ca.1248-1298), intitulado Lectura super Matthaeum (leitura ou comentário sobre Mateus), capítulo 16, visando compreender os métodos interpretativos de análise adotados por esse franciscano, bem como os assuntos tratados, tais como a visão que nutria a respeito da Igreja de Roma, as críticas que fez sobre os rumos da Ordem Franciscana e a doutrina do pleno poder papal. Nesse sentido, buscamos identificar se essa doutrina aparece, e como aparece, em nossa fonte principal de estudo, discorrendo de que forma suas ideias contribuíram para abalar as estruturas eclesiásticas, além de verificar em que medida as teses por ele desenvolvidas levaram a uma real necessidade de se reformular a plenitudo potestatis papalis. / The goal masters dissertation is the analysis of Franciscan Peter John Olivis biblical comment named Lectura super Matthaeum (comment under Matthew), chapter 16. We propose to understand the method of interpretation and analysis adopted by Olivi, as well as his themes, like his perspectives about the Church of Rome, his criticism about the Franciscan Order, and the absolute papal governments doctrine. For, we search to identify if that doctrine appears and how it happens in our main source of study, and to show by which means his ideas contributed to put in check the ecclesiastical structure. We propose, also, to verify by which manner the thesis developed by Olivi conducted to a real need of reformulation of the plenitudo potestatis papalis.

Dissertation thesis is devoted to the concepts of ecclesiology in Hussite movement. Particularly the perception of early church in individual Hussite movements and in significant Hussite thinkers is taken into account. An original standpoint is that Hussite revolution existed as a product of thinking of theological origin. It is necessary to deal also with the perception of man, power and its legitimacy, history and in Christian thinking also the approaches to the interpretation of the Scripture. Main and inspirational personages of Czech history of 14th and 15th century occur in the text: Matthew of Janow, John Hus, Jakoubek of Mies, Nicolaus Pilgramensis. Furthermore also ideas of radical Taborites are analyzed. One of the decisive viewpoints is the relationship to the Scripture and the way of its interpretation. It makes an important criterion for understanding church, world, social relations and the soul of man as Czech reformation emphasized them. Next is then the notion of early church as individual schools or Hussite personages perceived it. I have attempted to approach Czech reformation thinking about church with its individual specifics but also in their common features. Key words Ecclesiology, early church, Matthew of Janow, John Hus, Jakoubek of Mies, Nicolaus Pilgramensis

<p>The concept of vocation is central to the Christian tradition and views of life. In the Lutheran tradition vocation is understood as a word describing how man’s view of himself as well as his view of his duties are shaped in relation to God. Although not meant to exclude women, the concept of vocation has been clearly gendered. The references to vocation are manifold, ranging from the realms of individual life choices to life in communities and in the church.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of vocation in the perspective of Scriptural Criticism in order to contribute to an understanding of the ambiguous and shifting usage of the term, and to analyse the relationship between vocation and gender, historically and in relation to the Gospel of Matthew, thus also contributing to the construction of a gender aware theology of vocation. In the study Scriptural Criticism, a model for interpretation developed by Cristina Grenholm and Daniel Patte, in which text, theology, and life are combined in mutual and critical interaction, is used as a theoretical frame and interpretative method. Patriarchal and androcentric patterns are fundamental analytical concepts.</p><p>The study shows that the pattern of vocation changed during the 19th century from being a patriarchal pattern to an androcentric pattern. These patterns are apprehended as theological interpretations that have come to a stop, and thus applied to new contexts without reinterpretation. In common language the word vocation (or calling) is used as a fixed pattern without reinterpretation, and so mediating a life interpretation that is not renewed in relation either to individual life or to life in social community. By rereading vocation in relation to the narratives of the Gospel of Matthew and contemporary views of men’s and women’s shared life conditions, its fixed patterns can be reevaluated and reinterpreted. The connection between patterns of gender and patterns of vocation can be dissolved, so that vocation as a concept loses its association with the enforced subordination of women.</p><p>The study draws attention to the fact that vocation can neither be unequivocally understood as a concept of theology, nor as textually mediated, nor as a life experience. Rather, it is a word that serves as a powerful tool for understanding life, bringing together experiences, narratives, and conceptions of God and the human being. Two patterns of vocation are revealed through the scriptural critical reading of the Gospel of Matthew. These patterns are related to different hierarchical positions, but are not univocally based on gender. The interpreter is underscored to have an important role. The gendered stereotypes of vocation are possible but not necessary to reproduce. In the process of interpretation there are opportunities to reconsider earlier interpreters ways of understanding the relation between vocation and gender. This is a challenging and empowering responsibility.</p>

The concept of vocation is central to the Christian tradition and views of life. In the Lutheran tradition vocation is understood as a word describing how man’s view of himself as well as his view of his duties are shaped in relation to God. Although not meant to exclude women, the concept of vocation has been clearly gendered. The references to vocation are manifold, ranging from the realms of individual life choices to life in communities and in the church. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of vocation in the perspective of Scriptural Criticism in order to contribute to an understanding of the ambiguous and shifting usage of the term, and to analyse the relationship between vocation and gender, historically and in relation to the Gospel of Matthew, thus also contributing to the construction of a gender aware theology of vocation. In the study Scriptural Criticism, a model for interpretation developed by Cristina Grenholm and Daniel Patte, in which text, theology, and life are combined in mutual and critical interaction, is used as a theoretical frame and interpretative method. Patriarchal and androcentric patterns are fundamental analytical concepts. The study shows that the pattern of vocation changed during the 19th century from being a patriarchal pattern to an androcentric pattern. These patterns are apprehended as theological interpretations that have come to a stop, and thus applied to new contexts without reinterpretation. In common language the word vocation (or calling) is used as a fixed pattern without reinterpretation, and so mediating a life interpretation that is not renewed in relation either to individual life or to life in social community. By rereading vocation in relation to the narratives of the Gospel of Matthew and contemporary views of men’s and women’s shared life conditions, its fixed patterns can be reevaluated and reinterpreted. The connection between patterns of gender and patterns of vocation can be dissolved, so that vocation as a concept loses its association with the enforced subordination of women. The study draws attention to the fact that vocation can neither be unequivocally understood as a concept of theology, nor as textually mediated, nor as a life experience. Rather, it is a word that serves as a powerful tool for understanding life, bringing together experiences, narratives, and conceptions of God and the human being. Two patterns of vocation are revealed through the scriptural critical reading of the Gospel of Matthew. These patterns are related to different hierarchical positions, but are not univocally based on gender. The interpreter is underscored to have an important role. The gendered stereotypes of vocation are possible but not necessary to reproduce. In the process of interpretation there are opportunities to reconsider earlier interpreters ways of understanding the relation between vocation and gender. This is a challenging and empowering responsibility.

This study examines ways in which supporters of William III and his opponents used literature to buttress their respective views of government in the wake of the Glorious Revolution. Understanding the polemical character of this art provides more insight both into the literature of the 1690s and into the modes of political debate in the period. As the English people moved from a primarily hereditary view of monarchy at the beginning of the seventeenth century to a more elective view of government in the eighteenth century, the Glorious Revolution proved to be a watershed event. Those favoring James II relied on patriarchal ideas to characterize the new regime as illegitimate, and supporters of the coregent asserted the priority of English and Biblical law to assert that the former king forfeited his right to rule. Chapter one examines three thinkers – Robert Filmer, John Milton, and John Locke – whose thought provides a context for opinions expressed in the years surrounding William of Orange’s ascension to the English throne. In chapter two, John Dryden’s response to James II’s abdication is explored. As the deposed Poet Laureate and a prominent voice supporting of the Stuart line, Dryden sheds light on ways in which Jacobites resisted the authority of the new regime through his response to the Glorious Revolution. Chapter three addresses the work of Thomas Shadwell, who succeeded Dryden as Laureate, and Matthew Prior, whose poetry Frances Mayhew Rippy characterizes as “unofficial laureate verse.” These poets rely on ideas similar to those expressed by Milton and Locke as they seek to validate the events of 1688-1689. The final chapter explores the appropriation of varied conceptions of government in pamphlets and manuscripts written in favor of James II and William III. Focusing on the polemical character of these works from the late 1680s and the 1690s enhances our understanding of the period’s literature and the prominent interaction of politics and writing.