Hintergrund Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Erfassung der Lebensqualität von älteren Menschen mit leichten kognitiven Störungen im Vergleich zu kognitiv gesunden älteren Menschen. Die Prävalenz von leichten kognitiven Störungen in der Bevölkerung wird in epidemiologischen Studien mit 3 bis 19 % der über 65-Jährigen angegeben (Ritchie, 2004). Methode Es handelt sich um eine 2012 bundesweit durchgeführte bevölkerungsrepräsentative Befragung zur subjektiven Lebensqualität von 997 Probanden (60 Jahre und älter). Die Erfassung erfolgte mittels der Messinstrumente WHOQOL-BREF und dem speziell für ältere Menschen entwickelten WHOQOL-OLD. Zudem wurden die ermittelten Werte für die Lebensqualität in den soziodemografischen Kontext gesetzt, um eventuelle Faktoren zu ermitteln, die die unterschiedlichen Bereiche der Lebensqualität beeinflussen. Zur Identifikation kognitiver Störungen wurde der DemTect eingesetzt. Bei Verdacht auf Demenz fand das Interview nicht statt. Probanden mit leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen wurden interviewt. Das Ergebnis des DemTects bestimmte die Zuteilung der Probanden in die jeweilige Gruppe (leichte kognitive Störungen vs. kognitiv gesund). Die Kriterien für die Gruppe der Probanden mit leichten kognitiven Störungen erfüllten 267 Probanden, für 730 Teilnehmer fanden sich keine Anzeichen einer kognitiven Beeinträchtigung. Ergebnis Die befragten Probanden im Alter ab 60 Jahre mit leichten kognitiven Störungen schätzten ihre Lebensqualität in allen Bereichen des WHOQOL-BREF und WHOQOL-OLD (außer im Bereich Ängste und Befürchtungen hinsichtlich Tod und Sterben) geringer ein als kognitiv gesunde Probanden. Schlussfolgerung Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass bereits leichte kognitive Störungen mit einer erheblichen Reduktion der subjektiven Lebensqualität einhergehen.

No description available.

No description available.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition phase between normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Individuals with MCI show impairment in cognition as well as corresponding damage to areas of their brain. Performance on tasks such as discriminating objects with ambiguous features has been associated with damage to the perirhinal cortex, while scenes with structural (spatial) elements have been associated with damage to the hippocampus. In addition, attention is regarded as one of the first non-memory domains to decline in MCI. A relatively new MRI technique called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is sensitive to white matter microstructural integrity and has been associated with changes due to cognitive decline. 18 MCI (14 amnesic, 4 vascular) and 12 healthy matched controls were assessed in feature ambiguity, attention and structural learning to assess associated deficits in MCI. Associations with white matter microstructural integrity were then investigated. The MCI groups were discovered to perform worse than controls on the test of structural learning. In addition, altered attention networks were found in MCI and were associated with white matter microstructural integrity. No significant differences were found for feature ambiguity. These findings suggest there may be specific damage to the hippocampus while the perirhinal cortex may be preserved in MCI. Furthermore, dysfunction in attention was found to be associated with white matter microstructural integrity. These experimental tests may be useful in assessing dysfunction in MCI and identifying degeneration in white matter microstructural integrity. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18872号 / 医博第3983号 / 新制||医||1008(附属図書館) / 31823 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 河野 憲二, 教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 髙橋 良輔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Our lives become longer with new advancements in medicine and technology. As a result, cognition and memory impairments will become a growing concern[23]. To be able to treat cognitive decline, dementia and related diseases, the need for early detection of memory deficiencies increases. This study aimed to validate the use of a new digital interaction version of a common memory test, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), compared with norm from the traditional human-to-human interaction version of the same test. This was performed through userstudies with both test versions in a counterbalanced order. The results consisted of quantitative results from the tests together with qualitative data from interviews with the participants in connection to each test occasion. The results showed a slight difference in some aspects of the quantitative test results, but at the same time, no significant difference for most of the measured results. Further, the interviews demonstrated that the differences in interaction and experience between the versions of the tests could be the reason for some of the differences in the quantitative result. The conclusion from this study was that there are many difficult problems to solve for speech interfaces in neurocognitive tests like the RAVLT. In line with previous research [22], the results highlight the importance of a natural speech interaction that conforms with the basic principles of human conversation, to create a stress-free experience and test results that can be reliable and comparable.

No description available.

O presente trabalho consistiu em identificar a imagem do Shopping Center Iguatemi Caxias, sob a ótica dos consumidores locais. Entende-se que as imagens estão organizadas como uma rede de significados ou esquemas associados e organizados em torno de alguns elementos centrais, que são socialmente aceitos e compartilhados. A identificação das imagens mentais que os consumidores têm a respeito do shopping center é relevante para direcionar estratégias e ações de marketing. A partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, foi utilizado o Método de Configuração da Imagem (MCI), um instrumento de pesquisa testado e validado na identificação das imagens de organizações, produtos, serviços e marcas, procurou-se identificar, em uma amostra de 400 consumidores, qual a imagem coletiva dos consumidores relativa ao shopping center em estudo. Com base na Teoria do Núcleo Central, foram identificados os atributos e as dimensões (cognitiva, emocional, funcional e simbólica) relacionadas às imagens formadas pelos consumidores. Os resultados foram dispostos no Gráfico de Configuração da Imagem (GCI), que apresenta os atributos que compõem as imagens do shopping center, a proximidade destes atributos com a Imagem Central e a dimensão a que pertencem. Por meio dos resultados, entende-se que a imagem do shopping center está mais ligada a elementos funcionais, ou seja, as características físicas que o mesmo oferece e aos elementos simbólicos, ou seja, o significado que o shopping transmite e representa para os consumidores. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-04T16:24:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Francieli Montanari Gasparin.pdf: 992716 bytes, checksum: 1731f706ecd03d031fab657ce33d2110 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-04T16:24:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Francieli Montanari Gasparin.pdf: 992716 bytes, checksum: 1731f706ecd03d031fab657ce33d2110 (MD5) / The present work consists in identifying the image of Shopping Center Iguatemi Caxias, in the perspective of local consumers. Images are understood as a being organized as a net of meanings or schemes, which are arranged around a few central elements, socially accepted and shared. Identifying the mental image that consumers have regarding mall is relevant to direct marketing strategies and actions. Starting from exploratory research was used Method of Imagem Configuration (MCI), an already tested and validated research instrument for identification of images in organizations, products, services and brands, we tried to identify, within a sample of 400 consumers, to identify which is the collective image of consumers on the mall under study. With base on the Central Nucleus Theory, was identified the attributes and dimensions (cognitive, emotional, functional and symbolic) related to images formed by the consumers. The results were displayed in the Graphic of Image Configuration (GCI), which presents the attributes that make up the images of the mall, the proximity of these attributes with the Central Image and the size they belong. Based on the results, it is understood that the image of the mall is more closely linked to functional elements, that means, the physical features it offers and symbolic elements, that is, the meaning that the mall represents and conveys to consumers.

O presente trabalho consistiu em identificar a imagem do Shopping Center Iguatemi Caxias, sob a ótica dos consumidores locais. Entende-se que as imagens estão organizadas como uma rede de significados ou esquemas associados e organizados em torno de alguns elementos centrais, que são socialmente aceitos e compartilhados. A identificação das imagens mentais que os consumidores têm a respeito do shopping center é relevante para direcionar estratégias e ações de marketing. A partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, foi utilizado o Método de Configuração da Imagem (MCI), um instrumento de pesquisa testado e validado na identificação das imagens de organizações, produtos, serviços e marcas, procurou-se identificar, em uma amostra de 400 consumidores, qual a imagem coletiva dos consumidores relativa ao shopping center em estudo. Com base na Teoria do Núcleo Central, foram identificados os atributos e as dimensões (cognitiva, emocional, funcional e simbólica) relacionadas às imagens formadas pelos consumidores. Os resultados foram dispostos no Gráfico de Configuração da Imagem (GCI), que apresenta os atributos que compõem as imagens do shopping center, a proximidade destes atributos com a Imagem Central e a dimensão a que pertencem. Por meio dos resultados, entende-se que a imagem do shopping center está mais ligada a elementos funcionais, ou seja, as características físicas que o mesmo oferece e aos elementos simbólicos, ou seja, o significado que o shopping transmite e representa para os consumidores. / The present work consists in identifying the image of Shopping Center Iguatemi Caxias, in the perspective of local consumers. Images are understood as a being organized as a net of meanings or schemes, which are arranged around a few central elements, socially accepted and shared. Identifying the mental image that consumers have regarding mall is relevant to direct marketing strategies and actions. Starting from exploratory research was used Method of Imagem Configuration (MCI), an already tested and validated research instrument for identification of images in organizations, products, services and brands, we tried to identify, within a sample of 400 consumers, to identify which is the collective image of consumers on the mall under study. With base on the Central Nucleus Theory, was identified the attributes and dimensions (cognitive, emotional, functional and symbolic) related to images formed by the consumers. The results were displayed in the Graphic of Image Configuration (GCI), which presents the attributes that make up the images of the mall, the proximity of these attributes with the Central Image and the size they belong. Based on the results, it is understood that the image of the mall is more closely linked to functional elements, that means, the physical features it offers and symbolic elements, that is, the meaning that the mall represents and conveys to consumers.

Hintergrund Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Erfassung der Lebensqualität von älteren Menschen mit leichten kognitiven Störungen im Vergleich zu kognitiv gesunden älteren Menschen. Die Prävalenz von leichten kognitiven Störungen in der Bevölkerung wird in epidemiologischen Studien mit 3 bis 19 % der über 65-Jährigen angegeben (Ritchie, 2004). Methode Es handelt sich um eine 2012 bundesweit durchgeführte bevölkerungsrepräsentative Befragung zur subjektiven Lebensqualität von 997 Probanden (60 Jahre und älter). Die Erfassung erfolgte mittels der Messinstrumente WHOQOL-BREF und dem speziell für ältere Menschen entwickelten WHOQOL-OLD. Zudem wurden die ermittelten Werte für die Lebensqualität in den soziodemografischen Kontext gesetzt, um eventuelle Faktoren zu ermitteln, die die unterschiedlichen Bereiche der Lebensqualität beeinflussen. Zur Identifikation kognitiver Störungen wurde der DemTect eingesetzt. Bei Verdacht auf Demenz fand das Interview nicht statt. Probanden mit leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen wurden interviewt. Das Ergebnis des DemTects bestimmte die Zuteilung der Probanden in die jeweilige Gruppe (leichte kognitive Störungen vs. kognitiv gesund). Die Kriterien für die Gruppe der Probanden mit leichten kognitiven Störungen erfüllten 267 Probanden, für 730 Teilnehmer fanden sich keine Anzeichen einer kognitiven Beeinträchtigung. Ergebnis Die befragten Probanden im Alter ab 60 Jahre mit leichten kognitiven Störungen schätzten ihre Lebensqualität in allen Bereichen des WHOQOL-BREF und WHOQOL-OLD (außer im Bereich Ängste und Befürchtungen hinsichtlich Tod und Sterben) geringer ein als kognitiv gesunde Probanden. Schlussfolgerung Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass bereits leichte kognitive Störungen mit einer erheblichen Reduktion der subjektiven Lebensqualität einhergehen.:Bibliografische Zusammenfassung 3 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 4 Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis 6 1 Einleitung 7 1.1 Lebensqualität und ihre Erfassungsinstrumente 8 1.2 Leichte kognitive Störungen und ihre Diagnostik 13 2 Theorie und Stand der Forschung 17 2.1 Theoretischer Ansatz 17 2.2 Stand der Forschung 18 3 Fragestellungen und Ziele der Studie 39 4 Methodisches Vorgehen 41 4.1 Auswahl der Probanden 41 4.2 Datenerhebung 41 4.3 Beschreibung der Erhebungsinstrumente 42 4.4 Statistische Auswertung 44 5 Ergebnisse 45 5.1 Soziodemografische Merkmale der Studienteilnehmer 45 5.2 Mittelwerte WHOQOL-BREF 48 5.3 Mittelwerte WHOQOL-OLD 49 5.4 Einfluss von soziodemografischen und gesundheitsbezogenen Determinanten auf die Lebensqualität 50 5.4.1 Lebensqualitätsbereiche des WHOQOL-BREF 51 5.4.2 Lebensqualitätsbereiche des WHOQOL-OLD 54 6 Diskussion 57 7 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick 69 8 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 70 9 Literaturverzeichnis 72 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 89 Lebenslauf 90 Publikationen 91 Danksagung 92