The purpose of this paper is to understand what factors make media firms downsize and which channel managers will choose to inform the layoff message to employees. This paper uses interview research method to collect the data from 12 workers in different media firms. Findings indicate that there are three levels of factors cause downsize in media firms: external factors of the organization, internal factors of the organization and personal factors of employees. And managers depend on some standards to decide the list of layoff such as work performance and experience and managers¡¦ recognize about the employees. If one manager wants to inform layoff message to employees, he/she will choose face-to-face communication channel because it can ease employees feeling and makes some immediately feedbacks. The order of communication channels from interviewers¡¦ response is: face-to face, telephone and e-mail, document, MSN, bulletin board, firm¡¦s website and social network website.

Social media has been getting more and more attention from common users as well as businesses. Although the level of social media adoption varies by sector and geographical location, all companies strive to understand which social media platforms adopt and how to effectively use them. There is a specific position for the winery sector, which is widely recognised as traditional. However, more and more people search for information, share information and purchase goods or services online, which made presence on social media inevitable even for wineries. There is a body of literature concerning wineries' social media adoption and usage, however there is none of such kind to be found in the Czech Republic. Thus, this paper's aim is to fill this gap and to find out to what extent do Czech wineries use social media and why. This paper investigates 96 responses from wineries from all regions of the Czech Republic. The evidence is that the common communication channels of Czech wineries are rather traditional, being it personal communication, email or phone. However, the level of social media adoption in comparison with Australia, Germany or New Zealand is rather high. Although Czech wineries value social media, there is a significant lack of knowledge in how to use them efficiently.

Social media is considered an important marketing tool for B2B companies that are operating in the current decade (Andersson and Wikström, 2017; Brink, 2017; Itani, Agnihotri and Dingus, 2017). As social media has become a well-researched topic over the last decade, it has become more popular for businesses and individuals to use (Andersson and Wikstrom, 2017; Lacka and Chong, 2016; Michaelidou, Siamagka and Christodoulides, 2011). However there are limited research on how specific industries are adopting social media (Siamagka et al., (2015). Therefore, this thesis will contribute with research on why the industrial industrys adopt social media as well as how they are using it (Ibid).   Ten industrial businesses working in Sweden have been used for the empirical data collection. A qualitative approach have been used for this study in order to satisfy the purpose. All of the interviewees have experience within social media adoption or are working with social media on a daily basis. The interviews were conducted through phone and lasted approximately 20-50 minutes.   The conclusion of this study is that academic research within this field are somewhat in an agreement with the empirical data provided within this study. The main reasons to why industrial B2B businesses are adopting social media is because businesses can reach their target customers in an easy and fast way, also the pressure from stakeholders and customers have been an important factor to why some of the practitioners within this study have adopted social media. The barriers and benefits of using social media goes hand in hand. As one of the main benefits is the communication with customers and the main barrier is the negative comments that businesses can get. Although this study has indicated that the benefits outweigh the barriers when adopting and using social media. Findings from this study has shown that LinkedIn is the most useful social networking sites for businesses to use and this statement is also confirmed with the academic research done within this field.

Public administration research strongly supports the argument for administrator-citizen collaborations and shows that Web 2.0 social media tools have the potential to increase these collaborations. Some public managers have fully embraced the adoption of social media tools to their fullest collaborative potential while other managers have chosen to limit their full collaborative potential. This study examines four environmental influences to determine if they are the cause of the diverse levels of social media adoption among public administrators. A survey of 157 department managers from 261 large cities across the U.S. shows that 82% of the respondents are currently using some form of social media tools to engage citizens. The results show that perceived organizational influences and perceived administrator preconceptions of social media tools are having the greatest impact on the respondents' decision to adopt social media. Provided that response rate bias is not occurring in this study, there are two possible explanations for the results. One possible explanation is that Web 2.0 social media adoption may be following a similar path as the adoption of earlier forms of Web 1.0 e-government tools. The other possible explanation is that managers may be operating within a rational environment when deciding whether or not to adopt Web 2.0 social media tools.

The purpose of the study is to create an understanding of whether, and in such cases how, employers in IT-firms examine jobseekers' social media as a part of the company's recruitment process. The study has been limited to recruiters in the IT-industry as it was considered extra interesting to examine the recruitment process related to social media due to the technical skills that are required within the IT industry. The choice of industry was also based on the fact that it is estimated that 70.000 new employees will be needed until the year of 2022, to meet Sweden's demand of employees within the IT-industry. Ten respondents with various positions in different IT-firms, that are responsible for the recruitment process, have participated in the study through semi-structured interviews. The conclusions drawn from the respondents' answers in relation to the theoretical framework are that all respondents actually examine job seekers' social media. This is done regardless of whether the company has considered that this is something that should be avoided or not. It was shown that the recruiters examined the job seekers' social media by their own initiative rather than on the basis of established guidelines. It did not appear that any specific guidelines nor policies existed or was used by any company regarding the review, and neither that there exists any form of internal dialogue regarding any specific approach. The majority of the respondents performed the review of social media in the final stages of the recruitment process. It has, however, been shown that the review is not used as a decisive decision in the recruitment process, rather as a complement for the overall picture. Even so, it turned out that there is content on social media that could have been decisive, but this only applies to individual cases where the content was considered extreme. Examples of such content were strong political statements that for instance regarded racism or other statements concerning inequality.

Abstract There has been extensive literature published about NGO adoption and use of social media, however these studies have only focused on large, and primarily Western operated organizations, while research on NGO and social enterprise adoption in emergent nations is drastically limited. Cambodia was particularly relevant for a study on social media, because in fact Facebook has surpassed television as Cambodian people’s main source for gathering news. In particular this research focused on a famous Khmer-owned NGO, Phare Ponleu Selpak and their sister organization the Phare Performing Social Enterprise. This organization is well-known in Cambodia, because they produce world-renowned visual and performing artists, and are especially known for the circus, which is a major tourism attraction in Siem Reap. In this anthropological, exploratory case study, I conducted in-depth interviews with key staff members and executed a thematic analysis of PPSA and PPSE’s social media platforms in order to unveil the reasons for social media adoption as well as an in-depth analysis of the strategies involved. The results indicated that community engagement and organizational transparency were the key indicators for social media adoption. For strategy, community engagement and informational postings were also more important than posts that prompted actions such as donating, voting, or participating. Finally, social media was seen as a vital tool in the dissemination of information about Cambodian arts and intangible heritages, because Facebook has become the key source for information in Cambodia due to the state owned media. Therefore, Cambodians are able to learn about their history and the arts by following PPSA and PPSE, particularly on Facebook. Furthermore, tourists can also celebrate and learn about Cambodian art and intangible heritage through these social media channels. Keywords: Nongovernmental Organization, Social Enterprise, Social Media, Social Media Adoption and Use, Intangible Heritage

Submitted by Felipe Bogea (fbogea@gmail.com) on 2018-08-11T16:54:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Felipe_Bogea_20180805.pdf: 1312790 bytes, checksum: f043260e3a0d0be59420a94f738b5833 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Nunes Ferreira (debora.nunes@fgv.br) on 2018-08-13T14:42:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Felipe_Bogea_20180805.pdf: 1312790 bytes, checksum: f043260e3a0d0be59420a94f738b5833 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-08-13T15:24:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Felipe_Bogea_20180805.pdf: 1312790 bytes, checksum: f043260e3a0d0be59420a94f738b5833 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T15:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Felipe_Bogea_20180805.pdf: 1312790 bytes, checksum: f043260e3a0d0be59420a94f738b5833 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-17 / Social media mass adoption by individuals has increased consumer power, which, in turn, has pressured companies to adopt and manage its social media communications. However, there is limited research specifically on social media marketing adoption by companies. Furthermore, there is little consensus about the adoption factors and a lack of standardization in the terminology used in the academic articles. This thesis further the knowledge in social media adoption at the company level, by (i) identifying variables that can influence social media adoption by companies and determining how these variables influence adoption; (ii) proposing and empirically testing a theoretical model of social media adoption, under the light of TAM, UTAUT, and Institutional Theory. This thesis was conducted in two phases, which derived two articles. The first phase was primarily composed by analysis of the semi-structured interviews with senior marketing executives of large companies of different economic sectors. The second phase further developed the theoretical model and quantitatively tested it, based on the results of surveys sent to marketing professionals. The results of the second phase show that Isomorphic pressures (eg: coercive and mimetic pressures), social influence and facilitating conditions were the key factors driving social media adoption. / A adoção em massa das mídias sociais pelos indivíduos aumentou o poder dos consumidores, o que pressionou as empresas a adotarem e gerenciarem sua comunicação nas mídias sociais. Todavia, há poucas pesquisas sobre a adoção do marketing nas mídias sociais por empresas. Além disso, existe pouco consenso sobre os fatores que levam a adoção e uma ausência da terminologia empregada nos artigos acadêmicos. Essa tese amplia o conhecimento da adoção de mídias sociais pelas empresas ao: (i) identificar as variáveis que podem influenciar na adoção das mídias sociais e determinar como essas variáveis influenciam a adoção; (ii) propor e testar um modelo teórico de adoção de mídias sociais sob o primsma de TAM, UTAUT, e Teoria Institucional. Essa tese foi desenvolvida em duas fases, gerando dois artigos. A primeira fase foi composta basicamente pela análise de entrevistas semiestruturadas com executivos sêniors de marketing de diferentes setores da economia. A segunda fase, continuou o desenvolvimento do modelo teórico e quantitativamente testou o mesmo, baseado nos resultados dos questionários enviados para profissionais de marketing. Os resultados da segunda fase indicam que as pressões isomórficas (mimetica e coercitiva), influência social e condições facilitadoras são os principais fatores na adoção do marketing nas mídias sociais.

Over the last couple of years’ social media has come to have an influential role in our lives. With the broad use questions has raised if social media use can have negative effects. We have seen a recurrent tendency in media and society that encourage people to overlook their social media use and seen cases of people reducing their private social media use. The purpose of this study is to examine attitudes in young adults whom have taken a break from social media or reduced their usage. Furthermore, we wanted to distinguish what types of strategies they have used when they renounced from social media. With a qualitative approach we interviewed five young adults that had waived from social media during different periods of time due to negative usage experiences. We examined our empirical material along side with previous research on social media, Goffman’s impression management theory and Nanna Gillberg’s notion on Bourdieu’s forms of capital. We found that people tend to see the opportunity of impression control as something tedious and time consuming which had lead to a diminished use of social media. When tackle this aspect of social media, it came down to reducing your usage to an extent without having to compromise the possibility social media offers to keep in contact with friends.