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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-138).

abstract: Family economics uses economic concepts such as productions and decision making to understand family behavior. Economists place emphasis on the rule of families on labor supply, human capital investment, and consumption. In a household, the members choose the optimal time allocations between working, housework and leisure, and money between consumption of different members and savings. One-Child policy and strong inter-generational connections cause unique family structure in China. Households of different generations provide income transfer and labor support to each other. Households consider these connections in their savings, labor supply, human capital investment, fertility and marriage decisions. Especially, strong intergenerational relationships in China are one cause of the high level of young female labor supply and high saving rate. I will investigate the rules of intergenerational relationships on household economic behavior. Affirmative Action allocates college seats to a separate group. To evaluate the distribution effects of AA on discrete groups, we need to study household's strategic reactions on the rule of college seats allocation. The admission system of National College Entrance Examination in China is a type of AA. That distributes college seats by regions. I will use the rapid expansion of Chinese college enrollment as a natural experiment to check the households' reaction on AA and college expansion. Media economics utilizes economic empirical and theoretical tools to figure out the social, cultural, and economic issues in media industries. The impact of online piracy on genuine products sales is under debate, because people cannot find representing proxies to evaluate piracy levels. I will use Chinese data to study the effects of online piracy on theater revenue. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Economics 2017

Free newspapers are a substantial segment of the newspaper industry, as well as an under-studied topic within media research. This dissertation considers the economic health of free newspapers and whether they face a dire future given their heavy reliance on advertising, a source of revenue that has been in decline for newspapers. Some industry observers suggest it is supreme folly for newspapers to give away their content for free, and that advertising is no longer a reliable revenue source for print media in the Internet era. One question guiding this research is whether free newspapers face two options: continue producing free content by relying on advertising (in addition to other revenue sources), or abandon the advertising-based business model. Seven research questions address a number of issues, such as whether free newspapers are profitable, if decision-makers are considering changing their business model, whether they are seeking alternative sources of revenue, whether reader engagement is connected to the price, or a lack of one, of a newspaper, and whether decision-makers are optimistic or pessimistic about the future of their industry. A Web-based survey asked decision-makers at free newspapers in the United States to respond to questions related to the health and future of their newspaper or newspapers. Four in-depth interviews with publishers of four different types of free newspapers in Texas were also conducted to complement results generated by the Web-based survey. Results show decision-makers at free newspapers are confident about the future of their particular kind of media. The dissertation concludes by suggesting free newspapers are not only viable but in many markets they are thriving. Sweeping generalizations (often seen in industry discourse) about the future of print newspapers can be misleading. The key for success is engaging readers with content and that means a focus on local issues and events. This study contributes a reality check and calls for further research on the economics of print media in the digital era. / text

The technological progress of the world has had a massive effect on how we communicate with one and other, it also has had an big impact on how companies communicate with their customers and consumers. Today you cannot only communicate a “promise to your costumers and consumers you also have to “deliver” what it is you promise. Strategic communication is today not only to market your product but to ensure that your strategic communication is shown even in you innovation, design and product development.  This thesis is conducted in collaboration with No Picnic AB. The purpose of this study was to get an insight in how Swedish companies use their strategic communication. We aim on bringing a new point of view of strategic communication with innovation, design and product development also as a communication channel. Another hope is to get an understanding on how companies work with strategic communication on a practical level for use as media and communications students. Our problem is conducted as following: How does Swedish companies strategically communicate with their costumers and consumers? To achieve our purposes we did a qualitative investigation based on interviews with communicators on five Swedish companies. Our conclusion from the study is that combination of a strategically well performed “promise” and a well designed and developed “delivery” is to prefer for future success. Just being seen is not enough any more your products also has to communicate your company values in order to reach your visions.

This thesis looks at the economics of mass media from a variety of perspectives. The main aim is to analyse the key factors that influence media reporting behaviour, and in turn the impact of reportage on individual decision-making processes. The first chapter provides a brief summary of the contextual background of this thesis, by presenting the main points tackled in the subsequent chapters as well as a concise overview of the main contributions across various fields of study. The second chapter explores the relationship between advertisers and the media using a simple model of horizontal and vertical product differentiation in a duopolistic setting. In this framework, when a news story is published one firm will benefit in terms of higher consumer demand and profits, while the other will suffer. Firms can influence the media's decision to publish the news story or withhold it via advertising expenditure. The main result shows that in equilibrium when news signals conform to people's prior beliefs, extreme or strong stories will be withheld from publication by the media. This is because strong stories will result in a drastic decline in profits for one firm, thus providing it with an incentive to switch over and change its production process to mimic the other (beneficiary) firm, thereby eliminating vertical product differentiation. Therefore, the beneficiary firm would have an incentive to ensure that the news story is withheld to prevent this increase in competition and the subsequent erosion of its profit margins. The results provide an alternative rationale to explain recent evidence on under-reporting by the U.S. media in relation to various issues like climate change and the nutritional content of food. The third chapter looks at the responsiveness of individual private behaviour to media coverage of a particular news story. Survey data on charitable gift-giving in the U.S. are used in order to analyse the impact of newspaper coverage of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on both the likelihood and magnitude of monetary disbursements towards the relief effort. The identification strategy employed in this paper exploits differences in county-level growth rates of violent crime in order to account for the variation in newspaper coverage of the tsunami, thus circumventing potential endogeneity problems. The results show that media coverage only had a modest effect on people's decision to donate or not, but conversely had a significant and non-trivial impact on the amount of money donated. Furthermore, this impact was larger for young adults within the 25-34 age bracket and individuals who had undertaken some form of voluntary work in the previous year. These results hold even after the implementation of various robustness tests, and serve to highlight the growing influence of the media on people's behaviour. The final chapter analyses the impact of media reports on electoral outcomes, and in particular the extent to which soft or sensationalist news reportage influences voting. Survey data on individual voting behaviour during the 2000 U.S. Presidential election is used, together with a novel dataset on the amount of coverage afforded to the Monica Lewinsky scandal over the period January 17, 1998 to August 31, 2000. We first show that Lewinsky coverage was not driven by the newspapers' political bias, but rather by other factors including tabloid journalism. This independence enables us to focus solely on the impact of media reports on voting, in contrast to the rest of the literature which deals with the electoral influence of politically-biased media outlets. We then look at how newspaper coverage of the Lewinsky scandal influenced voting patterns in the 2000 U.S. Presidential election. To account for potential endogeneity issues we use county-level variation in the number of deaths caused by extreme weather events as an instrument for Lewinsky articles. We find that media coverage of the scandal had a positive and statistically significant impact on the likelihood of voting for George W. Bush, and conversely a negative influence on the probability of voting for Al Gore: this pattern is visible among both Democrats and Republicans. The results are robust to various tests, and raise several questions regarding the media's role within the democratic process.

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Internetinė žiniasklaida, kaip savarankiška verslo ir žiniasklaidos sritis, gyvuoja jau daugiau nei dešimtmetį Lietuvoje. Perėjusi įvairias vystymosi stadijas, šiuo metu ji yra viena iš pelningiausių verslo sričių bei svarbi reklamos rinkos dalis. Tą įrodo ir egzistuojantys teiginiai „jei tavęs nėra internete, tavęs nėra niekur“, ir gausiai besikuriančios viešųjų ryšių agentūros, besistengiančios bendradarbiauti su internetine žiniasklaida, ir vis augantis internetinės žiniasklaidos vartotojiškumas. Visi šie dalykai skatina verslininkus investuoti į internetą, sekti naujoves ir tobulinti internetines technologijas. Žiniasklaidos ekonomika tyrinėja įvairius ekonominius veiksnius, kurie tiesiogiai daro įtaką žiniasklaidos projektui. Tyrinėjimo sritis yra labai plati, apimanti socialinius, kultūrinius ir ekonominius faktorius. Žiniasklaidos ekonomika tyrinėja žiniasklaidos koncentraciją, rinkos sąlygas, vartotojų poreikius, žiniasklaidos projektų pasiūlą, efektyvias ekonomikos strategijas ir kitas su žiniasklaidos verslu susijusias kryptis. Kaip ir kiekviename versle, taip ir internetiniame galima išskirti kriterijus, kurie yra svarbūs, kuriant verslo modelį. Būtina išanalizuoti šalies rinką, kokie verslo modeliai yra efektyvūs, kurie nebeegzistuoja, kurie turi perspektyvas. Taip pat svarbu, ar kuriamam produktui arba paslaugai jau yra susiformavusi vartotojų grupė ir šis produktas yra pageidaujamas rinkoje. Šio darbo objektas – internetinės žiniasklaidos verslo modeliai ir jų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Online journalism, as independent business and journalism sphere, exists more than 10 years in Lithuania. Recently it has been one of the most profitable business branches and important branch of the advertisement market. Nowadays we have an expression such as „if you are not online, you do not exist“. More and more public relation organizations are being established and they are cooperating with online journalism organizations. Also we have growing usage of internet and online journalism. These aspects encourage businessmen to invest in the internet, look for the novelty and improve technology of the internet. Media economics embodies theoretical and practical economic questions specific to media of all types. Field of research is very wide and includes social, cultural and economic factors. Media economics explores media concentration, conditions of market, consumers‘ needs, supply of media projects, effective strategies of economic and other fields. In every business we can exclude criterions, which are important for business model. In the internet business are important these directions of research: what is the market of the country, which business models are effective and which ones do not exist, what are consumers needs, is this project is needed in the market and has its audience. Subject of this work is business models of online journalism and their distribution in Lithuania. In this work is discussed, which business models are effective, what is contributed in... [to full text]

O mercado contemporâneo de mídia é dominado por um número cada vez menor de empresas, que competem entre si no mercado global. Resultantes de aquisições e fusões com atividades em várias frentes, as empresas compõem impérios midiáticos, classificados como conglomerados de mídia. Nesse contexto dos conglomerados, esta pesquisa analisa uma das vertentes do segmento de internet da The Walt Disney Company: a página da empresa no Facebook. Utilizando o referencial das indústrias de mídia e da economia de mídia como principal base teórica, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as estratégias da empresa na sua relação com os usuários, especialmente aquelas de maior apelo junto ao público entre 9 e 15 anos, faixa etária contemplada pelas pesquisas TIC Domicílios e Usuários 2012 e TIC Kids Online Brasil 2012. Neste contexto, através da análise de postagens com promoções e propaganda de seus produtos, explícitas ou não (tais como filmes, jogos e desenhos animados), é possível identificar as inserções criativas da empresa no Facebook, as estratégias de marketing na referida página e as principais frentes do negócio internet da Disney Co. Para tanto, são usados também documentos oficiais (e públicos) da Companhia, em especial balanços anuais e informações divulgadas na imprensa. A metodologia adotada é a do estudo de caso incluindo as inserções feitas de 19 de maio de 2009 a 28 de janeiro de 2014, totalizando 529 postagens, e os relatórios fiscais anuais a partir de 1999, com ênfase no documento de 2013. As postagens são analisadas e categorizadas de modo a permitir a identificação do segmento do negócio Disney ao qual cada uma se refere. Com isso, o intuito é verificar as principais metas da empresa na rede social Facebook.

O mercado contemporâneo de mídia é dominado por um número cada vez menor de empresas, que competem entre si no mercado global. Resultantes de aquisições e fusões com atividades em várias frentes, as empresas compõem impérios midiáticos, classificados como conglomerados de mídia. Nesse contexto dos conglomerados, esta pesquisa analisa uma das vertentes do segmento de internet da The Walt Disney Company: a página da empresa no Facebook. Utilizando o referencial das indústrias de mídia e da economia de mídia como principal base teórica, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as estratégias da empresa na sua relação com os usuários, especialmente aquelas de maior apelo junto ao público entre 9 e 15 anos, faixa etária contemplada pelas pesquisas TIC Domicílios e Usuários 2012 e TIC Kids Online Brasil 2012. Neste contexto, através da análise de postagens com promoções e propaganda de seus produtos, explícitas ou não (tais como filmes, jogos e desenhos animados), é possível identificar as inserções criativas da empresa no Facebook, as estratégias de marketing na referida página e as principais frentes do negócio internet da Disney Co. Para tanto, são usados também documentos oficiais (e públicos) da Companhia, em especial balanços anuais e informações divulgadas na imprensa. A metodologia adotada é a do estudo de caso incluindo as inserções feitas de 19 de maio de 2009 a 28 de janeiro de 2014, totalizando 529 postagens, e os relatórios fiscais anuais a partir de 1999, com ênfase no documento de 2013. As postagens são analisadas e categorizadas de modo a permitir a identificação do segmento do negócio Disney ao qual cada uma se refere. Com isso, o intuito é verificar as principais metas da empresa na rede social Facebook.