Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) était sans doute l'un des esprits les plus brillants en Europe de la fin du XIXème siècle. ses expériences variées et ses contributions théoriques ont inspiré toute une génération de chercheurs et ont également mené à de violentes disputes académiques. c'est ainsi que des champs entiers de recherche tels que celui de l'immunologie ont été définis à partir de ses découvertes.il semble qu'il existe un lien entre les travaux précoces de Paul Ehrlich sur les techniques de coloration et sur les colorants spécifiques pour certains tissus, qui lui ont permis de proposer ses nouvelles conceptions de l'immunité, et ses travaux systématiques tardifs qui culminèrent dans la découverte du salvarsan, le premier agent chimio thérapeutique pour le traitement de la syphilis.les efforts d'Ehrlich dans le champ des maladies vénériennes ne peuvent donc pas êtres conçus à part mais doivent en outre être mis dans le contexte de leur perception sociale au début du XXème siècle. il est également important de reconnaître que le développement de l'idée de la chimiothérapie est associé à une rupture conceptuelle en immunologie illustrée par la conception chimique d'ehrlich.dans ce projet de thèse on essayera d'analyser les différents aspects de l'œuvre académique de Paul Ehrlich. Cette tâche englobera d'un côté une perspective conceptuelle pour retracer l'émergence de la science de l'immunologie à la fin du XIXème siècle et de l'autre côté une approche d'histoire sociale en analysant les réseaux académiques, administratifs et industriels qui sont une partie intégrale de l'œuvre de Paul Ehrlich. / The overall aim of this work was to analyse transformations in Medicine and Science and the emergence of modern medical practices and cultures. For this aim we chose a dual approach in termsof social as well as of intellectual history. We gathered abroad range of themes stretching from bureaucratic authority over professionalizationin the health sector to legal change and industrialisation.Furthermore we considered the evolution of scientific cultures and practices in the field of experimental medicineand identified a number of leading themes stretching from observation practices overmeasuring and standardization practices to therapeutic intervention. Paul Ehrlich figured in a dual role as both paradigm of the triangular structure ofstate, science and industry that had a critical impact on the German health sector andalso as catalyst of emerging scientific cultures and practices in experimental medicine. His implication in both fields helped to demonstrate critical aspects of our study and further bridged the gap between approaches in terms of intellectual and social history. We found that the emergence of modern medical practice was intimately connected to the sum of elements that we developed between the late 19th and early 20th century. Social conditions allowed emerging therapeutic concepts to fortify through repeated practices. Its implication in concepts of therapy and disease was widespread and also acted on the evolution of social norms.With the spread of immunology and chemotherapy, the iatrochemical approach to medicine imposed itself and established a solid basis for its persistence during the 20th century. The conceptual as well as the social conditions for its success were intertwined and mutually fostered each other. Shortlly before the outbreak of the Great War Germany had become the testing field for a new kind of modern medicine.

<p>This thesis analyse how life-histories are expressed and reformulated in connection to a life crisis of ill health. The study is based on ten interviews with people who in connection with ill health have made use of treatments within both orthodox medicine and complementary medicine and who have also developed various forms of self-treatment. The overall aim is, with a point of departure in the concepts health, healing and trust, to analyse narratives as a practice through which the respondents create identity and a life-context. The signifi cance of constructing the (auto)biography of the healing narrative – a form of narrative and performative act – runs as the main thread through the thesis. This act makes up the practice that is recurrently discussed in several of the thesis’ chapters and is synonymously termed the telling of healing narratives or or to narrate health and healing. The analysis of the narrative’s The analysis of the narrative’s healing main themes is mirrored in the order of the chapters. The study is broadly thematic and structured as a generalised healing process beginning with upheaval, continuing with crisis and social drama, and further to the endeavour of expressing values and judgements in a public context.</p><p>The interview themes of self-treatment and alternative treatment have occasioned the investigation into what an ethno-medical perspective can bring to analyses of people’s experiences of ill health in an everyday medical context. One of the points of having the concept ethno-medicine as a starting point is that every practice or narrative formation is ascribed with a potential for interpretation in its creation of knowledge. Another chapter deals with two themes of identity and life-history construction in the practice of healing narratives – the need for a chronology and reappraised perspectives on body, health and lifestyle. Healing narratives can be understood as a genre of life-historical narratives where life is often described as a linear course of events. A model by the anthropologist Victor Turner on the course and content of social drama is used as a comment to analyses of three respondents’ narratives in another chapter. A drama can be understood as a tragic course of events, based on an accident or an upsetting incident that roughly revolves around event/crisis, chaos and the striving for restoration. The concept of other journals is then used to make visible the everyday medical administrative practice and refers to the documentation used in the form of collected documents, written notes, and diaries. As an unexpected part of healing processes, the necessity of familiarising oneself with rules, laws and health insurance systems in order to be able to claim one’s rights is brought forward.</p><p>The social transformation process of various care practices in society makes up both a context and a commonly occurring theme in the narratives that the thesis is based upon. A modern health culture that gains strength from loosely composed social movements exerts infl uence on all levels of society. With an increased individual responsibility, the need grows to fi nd one’s own healing strategies and to create one’s own life-history in narratives that mirror this transformation in an everyday context. Healing narratives can be seen as a form of evaluation of health-care practices where experiences of treatment and notions of health and cure and healing are concretised.</p>

This thesis analyse how life-histories are expressed and reformulated in connection to a life crisis of ill health. The study is based on ten interviews with people who in connection with ill health have made use of treatments within both orthodox medicine and complementary medicine and who have also developed various forms of self-treatment. The overall aim is, with a point of departure in the concepts health, healing and trust, to analyse narratives as a practice through which the respondents create identity and a life-context. The signifi cance of constructing the (auto)biography of the healing narrative – a form of narrative and performative act – runs as the main thread through the thesis. This act makes up the practice that is recurrently discussed in several of the thesis’ chapters and is synonymously termed the telling of healing narratives or or to narrate health and healing. The analysis of the narrative’s The analysis of the narrative’s healing main themes is mirrored in the order of the chapters. The study is broadly thematic and structured as a generalised healing process beginning with upheaval, continuing with crisis and social drama, and further to the endeavour of expressing values and judgements in a public context. The interview themes of self-treatment and alternative treatment have occasioned the investigation into what an ethno-medical perspective can bring to analyses of people’s experiences of ill health in an everyday medical context. One of the points of having the concept ethno-medicine as a starting point is that every practice or narrative formation is ascribed with a potential for interpretation in its creation of knowledge. Another chapter deals with two themes of identity and life-history construction in the practice of healing narratives – the need for a chronology and reappraised perspectives on body, health and lifestyle. Healing narratives can be understood as a genre of life-historical narratives where life is often described as a linear course of events. A model by the anthropologist Victor Turner on the course and content of social drama is used as a comment to analyses of three respondents’ narratives in another chapter. A drama can be understood as a tragic course of events, based on an accident or an upsetting incident that roughly revolves around event/crisis, chaos and the striving for restoration. The concept of other journals is then used to make visible the everyday medical administrative practice and refers to the documentation used in the form of collected documents, written notes, and diaries. As an unexpected part of healing processes, the necessity of familiarising oneself with rules, laws and health insurance systems in order to be able to claim one’s rights is brought forward. The social transformation process of various care practices in society makes up both a context and a commonly occurring theme in the narratives that the thesis is based upon. A modern health culture that gains strength from loosely composed social movements exerts infl uence on all levels of society. With an increased individual responsibility, the need grows to fi nd one’s own healing strategies and to create one’s own life-history in narratives that mirror this transformation in an everyday context. Healing narratives can be seen as a form of evaluation of health-care practices where experiences of treatment and notions of health and cure and healing are concretised.