Mostra a importância da integração dos sistemas de gestão de produção (ERP, MES e SCADA), a fim de se integrar todos os processos de negócios de uma organização, desde o nível operacional até o nível estratégico. Relata a relevância de se ter, aliado aos sistemas de gestão da produção, sistemas de medição de desempenho, que possam auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisão. Desenvolve, utilizando uma relação de causa e efeito, uma rede de relacionamento entre indicadores de desempenho, a partir de dados coletados automaticamente do chão de fábrica em empresas de manufatura discreta que utilizam processos de usinagem, apontando o impacto de cada indicador nas cinco dimensões competitivas de manufatura. Define a fórmula de cada indicador de desempenho a partir da análise conceitual destes indicadores, e identifica quais dos sistemas (ERP, MES ou SCADA) seriam mais adequados para fornecer tais indicadores. / Shows the importance of the integration of production planning and control systems (ERP, MES ou SCADA), in order to integrate all the business process of an organization from the operational level to the strategic level. Mention the significance of having performance measurement systems associated with production planning and control systems in order to help the decision process. Develop, using a cause and effect analysis, a performance measures relationship net from automatic shop floor data collection in discrete manufacturing enterprise, pointing out the impact of each indicator, in the five manufacturing competitive strategy. Define the formula of each performance measures from the conceptual analysis of this measures, and identify which of this systems (ERP, MES and SCADA) would be suitable to provide such measures.

A dissertação aborda o estudo sobre as principais características observadas sob a perspectiva da gestão de custos em indústrias de manufatura discreta, em especial considerando uma possível integração dos Sistemas Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) com os chamados Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES). Este estudo procurar elucidar acerca das iniciativas orientadas à redução de custos, especialmente aquelas aplicas em manufaturas do tipo discreta. Por meio do método de estudo múltiplo de casos foram coletados dados a respeito da implementação do MES e seus impactos sobre a redução de custos em três organizações, para que fossem debatidas as visões de diversos gestores, verificando se as hipóteses levantadas ao longo do projeto são confirmadas. Por fim, os resultados observados foram analisados e discutidos, e as conclusões apontam que o uso do sistema MES pode contribuir ou possui potencial para reduzir os custos e também para aumentar o controle da gestão. No entanto, foi possível observar também que a implantação de sistemas deve ser acompanhada de mudanças de processos e de cultura, que propiciem de fato a redução de custos nas empresas. Foram propostas novas possibilidades para que seja possível a continuidade de outros estudos neste sentido, de forma que as organizações possam explorar novas possibilidades, aperfeiçoando os sistemas ou desenvolvendo mudanças em seus processos. / The dissertation describes the study on major features achieved from the perspective of cost management within discrete manufacturing industries, especially considering a possible integration between Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems with so-called Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES). This study seeks to enlighten a few initiatives on the subject concerned to cost reduction management belonged to the company, especially those applied among manufacturers whose type is settled as discrete. By using the multiple case study method, several data regarding MES implementation and also its impacts on cost decrease were gathered within three enterprises, and therefore used for debating some standpoints from several managers and verifying whether the assumptions made throughout the article are confirmed. Finally, the results obtained along this study were analyzed and discussed, and such findings lead to idea that MES system use can concur or has the potential to decrease costs and also enhance the management control. However, it was also possible to behold that systems implementation should be followed by a culture and processes changes as well, that surely provide cost cutting among companies. It was proposed some other improvement possibilities in order to make possible the development of new efforts in this regard, in a way that enterprises are able to explore new paths, enhancing the systems or even developing changes in their processes.

The diploma thesis focuses on the development of the internal production information system of the company Ravensburger Karton s.r.o. based in Polička. The work is divided into two parts, which is the design of an ERD diagram for database development in the data layer and parts of data presentation with user interaction in the presentation layer.

The master thesis deals with the issue of proposing a solution which eliminates negative effects in an automotive company. The solution suggested is processed on the basis of a theoretical part (modern trends in production) and a detailed analysis. The final solution is a new operational layer of production management, using the implementation of MES system.

The task of the thesis is a theoretical analysis and description of the use of company data. Emphasis is placed on the system analysis of the problem. The specific production process and the data available from it are evaluated, which help to find a technical and economic evaluation.

Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire de thèse apporte sa contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité des données échangées entre la production et les services d'ingénierie dédiés à la conception du produit et du système de production associé. Cette amélioration de la qualité des données passe par l'étude des interactions entre la gestion du cycle de vie du produit et la gestion de la production.Ces deux concepts étant supportés, tout ou partie, par des systèmes d'information industriels, l'étude de leurs interactions a ensuite conduit à l'intégration de ces systèmes d'information (PLM, ERP et MES). Dans un contexte de forte concurrence et de mondialisation, les entreprises sont obligées d'innover et de minimiser les coûts, notamment ceux de production. Face à ces enjeux, le volume des données de production et leur fréquence de modification ne cessent d'augmenter en raison de la réduction constante de la durée de vie et de mise sur le marché des produits, de la personnalisation accrue des produits et en n de la généralisation des démarches d'amélioration continue en production. La conséquence directe est alors la nécessité de formaliser et de gérer l'ensemble des données de production devant être fournies aux opérateurs de production et aux machines. Suite à une analyse du point de vue de la qualité des données pour chaque architecture existante démontrant ainsi leur incapacité à répondre à cette problématique, une architecture basée sur l'intégration des trois systèmes d'information directement impliqués dans la production (PLM, ERP et MES) a été proposée. Cette architecture nous a menés à deux sous-problématiques complémentaires qui sont respectivement la construction d'une architecture basée sur des Web Services permettant d'améliorer l'accessibilité, la sécurité et la complétude des données échangées, et la construction d'une architecture d'intégration, basée sur les ontologies, permettant d'offrir des mécanismes d'intégration basés sur la sémantique dans le but d'assurer la bonne interprétation des données échangées.Enfin, la maquette de l'outil logiciel supportant la solution proposée et permettant d'assurer l'intégration des données échangées entre ingénierie et production a été réalisée. / The research work contributes to improve the quality of data exchanged between the production and the engineering units which dedicated to product design and production system design. This improvement is qualified by studying the interactions between the product life cycle management and the production management. These two concepts are supported, wholly or partly by industrial information systems, the study of the interactions then lead to the integration of information systems (PLM, ERP and MES).In a highly competitive environment and globalization, companies are forced to innovate and reduce costs, especially the production costs. Facing with these challenges, the volume and frequency change of production data are increasing due to the steady reduction of the lifetime and the products marketing, the increasing of product customization and the generalization of continuous improvement in production. Consequently, the need to formalize and manage all production data is required. These data should be provided to the production operators and machines.After analysis the data quality for each existing architecture demonstrating the inability to address this problem, an architecture, based on the integration of three information systems involved in the production (PLM, ERP and MES) has been proposed. This architecture leads to two complementary sub-problems. The first one is the development of an architecture based on Web services to improve the accessibility, safety and completeness of data exchanged. The second is the integration architecture of integration based on ontologies to offer the integration mechanisms based on the semantics in order to ensure the correct interpretation of the data exchanged. Therefore, the model of the software tool supports the proposed solution and ensures that integration of data exchanged between engineering and production was carried out.

Ce travail de recherche met en avant l'intérêt qu'offre la simulation en ligne comme outil d'aide à la décision, outil centré sur le pilotage d'atelier vis-à-vis d'événements se produisant en temps réel et pour un horizon à très court terme. Après avoir présenté le contexte général du pilotage des systèmes de production, nous avons étudié les outils existants et utilisés industriellement pour l'exploitation de la production, de même que les outils d'aide au pilotage permettant d'assurer le respect optimal des objectifs fixés. Après un travail préalable sur la simulation hors ligne, nous proposons de coupler un outil de simulation en ligne à un outil d'exécution d'atelier de type MES afin de piloter en temps réel le processus de production. Une démarche de modélisation faisant appel de façon complémentaire à deux approches, analytique et simulatoire, est finalement mise en place. Nous mettons en exergue l'utilisation de la simulation de flux en ligne pour aider au pilotage d'un processus opérationnel. Ainsi nous modélisons le processus de pilotage en temps réel afin de décrire les fonctions requises. Pour cela, nous utilisons différentes stratégies d'utilisation des simulateurs en ligne pour le pilotage, avec un ou deux modèles et avec plusieurs méthodes d'utilisation de ces modèles. La simulation en ligne apporte alors des informations objectives sur les conséquences à court terme d'un événement, ainsi que sur les divers scenarii de correction envisagés. Pour mieux convaincre les industriels de l'intérêt de la simulation en ligne, nous présentons des solutions pratiques aux spécifications et besoins énoncés précédemment en nous appuyant sur une plate-forme expérimentale. / This research work highlights the interest of online simulation as a decision support tool. This tool is focused on workshop control in relation with real time and short-term events. Online simulation enables to analyze and compare scenarios affecting the production, such as failures or unexpected orders. Moreover online simulation allows a very short term projection in the future in order to quantify the consequences of some unexpected event: we call it projection simulation. Finally, online simulation is helpful to choose the solution that will reduce the impact of a critical event, through the simulation of several scenarios. To conclude, online simulation is one the most interesting decision support tool in workshop piloting. However, there are few industrial applications in manufacturing systems. The first part of this research work introduces the overall context of production system management. The different generic functions of controlling the production, the modes of piloting and the evolutions of workshop are detailed. We also explain piloting typologies according to their reactivity. In the second part, we study the existing software tools used in industry for the operation of production, and support tools that ensure optimal compliance in regard to the objectives. After a preliminary work on the offline simulation, we propose to couple an online simulation tool with a type MES delivery tool in order to control the production process in real time. A modeling approach using two complementary approaches, an analytical one and simulation, is then introduced. The objective of the third part is to emphasize the use of online flow simulation to assist in operating a production process. Thus we model the process in real time to describe the required functions. Therefore we try out different strategies of use of online simulators, through one or two models and several methods of using these models. Online simulation then provides realistic information on the short-term consequences of an event, as well as on the different ways of correcting the scenarios. To convince industry of the relevance of online simulation, the fourth part presents practical solutions to the specifications and requirements previously stated. An experimental platform helped us validate the concept of online simulation as piloting support tool, but also underline the difficulties of development.

由於 2007-2009 年金融風暴的發生 , 使得系統風險的研究受到相當大的關 注 , 而此論文也將探討台灣金融業的現況 。 我們根據Adrian et al.(2016) 、 Acharya et al.(2012) 以及 Brownlees et al.(2012)所提出的Delta CoVaR 、 MES 以及 SRISK 等系統風險衡量指標 , 估算台灣金控系統風險的大小 , 以及評 斷台灣系統風險重要金控的排序 。 透過時間序列及橫斷面的分析 , 我們更 將風險趨勢分群 , 或是從相關風險指標來作為監督機構或投資大眾參考的 早期警訊 。 最後 , 我們亦透過追蹤資料模型 , 找出系統風險重要的解釋變數 , 並分析變數的可能影響效果 。 / After the Financail Crisis of 2007-2009, there have been rich research about systemic risk analysis, and this work focus on financial industry in Taiwan. According to Adrian et al.(2016)、 Acharya et al.(2012)and Brownlees et al.(2012), we consider four measures for systemic risk,they are MES、SRISK、Delta CoVaR-DCC and CoVaR-Quantile. We demonstrate how to compare four different measures , and display the ranking of the Systemically Im- protant Financial Institutions (SIFs) based on the resulting SRISK, for Taiwanese holding companies. Finally , we also dicuss the individual and macroeconomic effects on systemic risk by using panel data regression .

This thesis studies the operational management of production, particularly the divison of plastic mill. The study analyses current state of operational management of production and especially focus on physical and information flow. Based on the results of the analysis, study eliminates discovered defects. For that reason, design part is focused on optimization of informational flow by introduction of modular manufacturing information system. At the end of the thesis are presented benefits of mentioned solution and economic evaluation for the proposed options.

Die Anforderungen des Marktes in Bezug auf Flexibilität und Geschwindigkeit, welchen sich Produktionsunternehmen stellen müssen, nehmen immer weiter zu. Die Kunden wollen in jeder Hinsicht individuell bedient werden. Sie wollen das Produkt nach ihren Vorstellungen konfigurieren können, es in kurzer Zeit zur Verfügung gestellt bekommen und trotzdem bei Bedarf individuelle Änderungen integrieren können. Aus diesem Grund muss ein Produktionsunternehmen sowohl in der Planungs- als auch in der Ausführungsphase flexibel auf Änderungen, die vom Kunden ausgelöst werden oder durch interne Ereignisse erforderlich sind, reagieren können. Studien unter produzierenden Unternehmen haben gezeigt, dass im Fall der Notwendigkeit nachträglicher Änderungen das Produktionsplanungs- und steuerungssystem oft nicht miteinbezogen wird, insbesondere dann, wenn die Änderungen sehr prozessnah stattfinden. Da Änderungen jedoch heutzutage keine Seltenheit mehr sind, führt dies dazu, dass die im System gehaltenen Daten häufig von dem tatsächlichen Produkti-onsablauf abweichen. Eine im Rahmen der Arbeit durchgeführte Analyse führender ERP-Systeme und MES hat gezeigt, dass dieses Problem auf Systemunzulänglichkeiten zurückzuführen ist. Auf Basis der Systemuntersuchung schlägt die Arbeit deshalb ein Konzept für ein flexibles Produktionspla-nungs- und -steuerungssystem vor: das PPS II-System. Dieses System soll gewährleisten, dass nachträgliche Änderungen, die durch interne oder externe Ereignisse ausgelöst werden, in die Produktionsplanung integriert werden können. Die Architektur des PPS II-Systems basiert auf der Idee, die starre Trennung zwischen den Planungs- und Steuerungssystemen der Fertigung aufzulösen. Um dies zu gewährleisten, besteht das PPS II-System aus lose gekoppelten Services, deren Zusammenwirken das Verhalten des Systems beschreibt. Die Funktionalität des PPS II-Systems orientiert sich am Konzept der prozessnahen Gestaltungsentscheidung, welches die Ausführungszeit, die zu verwendenden Materialien und die einzusetzenden Ressourcen auf Basis verschiedener Abstraktionen erst unmittelbar vor Produktionsbeginn bestimmt. Eine umfangreiche theoretische und praktische Evaluierung bestätigt, dass das PPS II-System auf diese Weise sehr flexibel auf Änderungen reagieren kann. / Today, production companies face big challenges, in particular with regards to flexibility and speed. Their customers want to be served individually in every respect. They want to configure the product individually and receive it as fast as possible. However, they also want to be able to integrate late changes. For this reason, a production company must be able to react to changes in the planning phase as well as in the production phase in a very flexible way. Such changes might be initiated by the customers or they might be necessary due to internal events. Surveys, which analyzed the processes of production companies, have revealed that their production planning and control systems are often not involved if late changes are necessary. This is particularly true, if the changes occur shortly before the production starts. Therefore, system data deviate from the real production procedure often already in the planning phase. An analysis of leading ERP systems and MES carried out in this thesis has shown that the reason for the problems is the limited flexibility of these systems. On the basis of the analysis, this thesis proposes a new concept for a flexible production and control system: the PPC II system. This system should ensure that late changes triggered by internal or external events can be integrated in the production schedule. The architecture of the PPC II system is based on the idea to eliminate the separation between the planning system and the control system. To reach this goal, the system consists of loosely coupled services that are flexibly orches-trated to control production processes. The PPC II system realizes the concept of late order freeze. Process-relevant decisions for the execution time, the used materials, and the resources are made shortly before production starts. A comprehensive theoretical and practical evaluation verifies that the PPC II system is able to react flexible to changes.