abstract: According to sources of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1.7 million traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases occur annually in the United States. TBI results in 50 thousand deaths, nearly 300 thousand hospitalizations and 2.2 million emergency room visits causing a $76 billion economic burden in direct and indirect costs. Furthermore, it is estimated that over 5 million TBI survivors in the US are struggling with long-term disabilities. And yet, a point-of-care TBI diagnostic has not replaced the non-quantitative cognitive and physiological methods used today. Presently, pupil dilation and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) are clinically used to diagnose TBI. However, GSC presents difficulties in detecting subtle patient changes, oftentimes leaving mild TBI undiagnosed. Given the long-term deficits associated with TBIs, a quantitative method that enables capturing of subtle and changing TBI pathologies is of great interest to the field. The goal of this research is to work towards a test strip and meter point-of-care technology (similar to the glucose meter) that will quantify several TBI biomarkers in a drop of whole blood simultaneously. It is generally understood that measuring only one blood biomarker may not accurately diagnose TBI, thus this work lays the foundation to develop a multi-analyte approach to detect four promising TBI biomarkers: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), S-100β protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). To achieve this, each biomarker was individually assessed and modeled using sensitive and label-free electrochemical impedance techniques first in purified, then in blood solutions using standard electrochemical electrodes. Next, the biomarkers were individually characterized using novel mesoporous carbon electrode materials to facilitate detection in blood solutions and compared to the commercial standard Nafion coating. Finally, the feasibility of measuring these biomarkers in the same sample simultaneously was explored in purified and blood solutions. This work shows that a handheld TBI blood diagnostic is feasible if the electronics can be miniaturized and large quantity production of these sensors can be achieved. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biomedical Engineering 2017

abstract: The aims of this project are to demonstrate the design and implementation of separations modalities for 1) in situ product recovery and 2) upstream pretreatment of toxic feedstocks. Many value-added bioproducts such as alcohols (ethanol and butanol) developed for the transportation sector are known to be integral to a sustainable future. Likewise, bioproduced aromatic building blocks for sustainable manufacturing such as phenol will be equally important. The production of these compounds is often limited by product toxicity at 2- 20 g/L, whereas it may desirable to produce 20-200 g/L for economically feasible scale up. While low-cost feedstocks are desirable for economical production, they contain highly cytotoxic value-added byproducts such as furfural. It is therefore desirable to design facile detoxification methods for lignocellulose-derived feedstocks to isolate and recover furfural preceding ethanol fermentation by Escherichia coli. Correspondingly it is desirable to design efficient facile in situ recovery modalities for bioalcohols and phenolic bioproducts. Accordingly, in-situ removal modalities were designed for simultaneous acetone, butanol, and ethanol recovery. Additionally, a furfural removal modality from lignocellulosic hydrolysates was designed for upstream pretreatment. Solid-liquid adsorption was found to serve well each of the recovery modalities characterized here. More hydrophobic compounds such as butanol and furfural are readily recovered from aqueous solutions via adsorption. The primary operational drawback to adsorption is adsorbent recovery and subsequent desorption of the product. Novel magnetically separable mesoporous carbon powders (MMCPs) were characterized and found to be rapidly separable from solutions at 91% recovery by mass. Thermal desorption of value added products was found efficient for recovery of butanol and furfural. Fufural was desorbed from the MMCPs up to 57% by mass with repeated adsorption/thermal desorption cycles. Butanol was recovered from MMCPs up to an average 93% by mass via thermal desorption. As another valuable renewable fermentation product, phenol was also collected via in-situ adsorption onto Dowex Optipore L-493 resin. Phenol recovery from the resins was efficiently accomplished with tert-butyl methyl ether up to 77% after 3 washes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemical Engineering 2017

Orientador: Sidney José Lima Ribeiro / Orientador: Marc Verelst / Banca: Younès Messaddeq / Banca: Oscar Manoel Loureiro Malta / Banca: Luis Antonio Ferreira Martins Dias Carlos / Banca: Marie-Joëlle Menu / Banca: Jeannette Dexpert-Ghys / Resumo: Partículas esféricas de sílica mesoporosa foram obtidas a partir da síntese "template" pelo processo de pirólise de aerossol. O processo foi otimizado para a obtenção de materiais mesoporosos sem resíduos orgânicos e preparados em uma única etapa, eliminando assim, a longa etapa de remoção do surfactante na metodologia tradicional (tratamento térmico ou extração soxhlet, podendo durar dezenas de horas). A otimização do processo de pirólise de aerossol proposta nesta tese reduziu este tempo para apenas alguns minutos. Os materiais apresentaram uma área superficial (BET) de até 1028 m2 .g-1 , com volume de poros (BJH) de 0,58 cm3 .g-1 . Os difratogramas de raios-X indicaram um alto grau de organização com um arranjo hexagonal de poros, confirmado também pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Além disto, bandas características de grupos orgânicos não foram observadas nos espectros de absorção na região do infra-vermelho para as amostras obtidas acima de 600ºC. Amostras dopadas com íons Eu3+ também foram preparadas durante a tese. A análise por espectroscopia de luminescência, para íons Eu3+ , indicou que o íon está encapsulado nos canais mesoporosos sem prévia modificação química da matriz. Posteriormente, moléculas de 1,10- Fenantrolina foram coordenadas ao íon Eu3+ aumentando a faixa espectral de excitação do íon (efeito antena). Além disto, partículas luminescentes também foram obtidas pela incorporação do complexo Eu(fod)3 ou rodamina-B nos poros das matrizes. Finalmente, testes de recobrimento (core shell, SiO2 mesoporoso-SiO2) das partículas luminescentes foram realizados e os resultados indicaram que independentemente da espessura obtida pelo processo de recobrimento, o grau de organização dos poros e a fotoluminescência não sofreram alterações / Abstract: Spherical mesoporous silica particles were obtained using the template synthesis by spray pyrolysis process. The process was optimized for the preparation of the mesoporous materials in one-pot route without organic residues, eliminating thus, the long process of removal of the surfactant, usually used in the available methods (heat treatment or soxhlet extraction, which require several hours or days). The one- pot route proposed in this thesis reduced the extraction process to only a several minutes. These materials presented a surface area value (BET) of 1028m2 .g-1 and pore volume (BJH) was 0,58 cm3 .g-1 . The X-ray diffraction patterns and the transmission electronic micrographs show an ordered typical p6mm 2D hexagonal mesostructure. Characteristics bands of organic groups were not observed in the infra-red absorption spectra for the samples obtained at 600ºC. Moreover, SiO2 mesoporous doped with Eu3+ ions were also prepared. Luminescence data suggest that the Eu3+ ions were successful encapsulated into the channels of mesoporous silica without any preliminary chemical modification of the matrix. Moreover, extra ligands such as 1,10-Phenantroline can be further coordinated, increasing the spectral range excitation (antenna effect). Furthermore, luminescent particles were also prepared by the wet impregnation of Eu(fod)3 complex and rhodamine-B molecules. Finally, tests of coating (core shell, SiO2 mesoporous-SiO2) of luminescent particles had been carried through and the The results obtained show spherical shape and the observation of a highly ordered hexagonal array of mesochannels further confirms the 2D hexagonal p6m structure. Luminescence results reveal that rhodamine-B has been successfully encapsulated into the channels of mesoporous particles. Silica coating has been observed in TEM measurements / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3294045 bytes, checksum: 7c607c275b5a8128ac7f6746b18d8ec1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Mesoporous materials present a highly ordered porous arrangement with narrow pore size distribution and high specific surface area, which are interesting features for adsorption and release of bioactive molecules. Another important feature of these solids is the presence of free hydroxyl groups on the pore walls that can react with functional organic moieties. Mesoporous solids have been synthesized by using specific molecules as templates which had to controlled polymerization in reactions. Thus, the present thesis describes the synthesis of mesoporous hydroxyapatite by using casein as a novel template. The mesoporous solids were functionalized with 3-aminepropyl-, 3-propylethylenediamine-, 3-propyldiethylenetriaminetrimethoxysilanes. The precursor and the modified phosphates derived from the silanization reactions were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, solid state 31P and 13C NMR, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both regular and mesoporous hydroxyapatites were studied on their ability to uptake and release bobine soroalbumine (BSA) from aqueous solutions. BSA was chosem as model guest compound. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that structural aspects of the mesoporous hydroxyapatite are controlled by tuning experimental parameters, such as the calcination temperature, surfactant concentration, and pH. These isotherms also showed that casein is a promising biotemplate for synthesizing mesoporous calcium phosphates with improved values of specific surface area, such as 106 m2 g-1, which are higher than those found in the literature for analogous materials. Additionally, the template extraction was carried out during the washing process with water only, which avoided the need of spending time and energy with the calcinations step, and confirmed casein as an excellent template/surfactant in the synthesis of mesostructured materials. The BSA release kinetics decreased considerably as the silane amount increased on the silica surface. The organofunctionalized solids showed a lower BSA release rate, which decreased as the organic length chain increased. Thus, the amount of the organic groups, which contains nitrogen basic centers and interacts with BSA, controls the release process. The isotherms for releasing BSA showed a two step profile, with a fast release at the beginning, followed by a slower release rate, which fit the diffusion model proposed by Higuchi. / Materiais mesoporosos apresentam um arranjo de poros ordenados e uma distribuição de poros muito estreita aliada a altas áreas superficiais, que são características estruturais interessantes para adsorção e liberação de moléculas bioativas. Outra característica relevante desses sólidos é a presença dos grupos hidroxilas livres nas paredes dos poros que podem reagir com grupos orgânicos funcionais. Os sólidos mesoporosos têm sidos sintetizados pelo uso de esceficas moléculas atuando como direcionadores na polimerização. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho descreve a síntese de hidroxiapatita mesoporosa utilizando caseína como um novo direcionador. As matrizes mesoporosas foram funcionalizadas covalentemente com aminopropil-, propiletilenodiamino-, propildietilenotriaminotrimetoxissilano. Os fosfatos precursores e derivados das reações de silanização foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de adsoção de N2, análise elementar, difração de Raios-X, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, RMN CP/MAS de 31P e 13C, termogravimetria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os sólidos precursores e modifcados foram aplicados para estudos de emissão da soroalbumina bovina (BSA) em solução aquosa. BSA foi escolhida como molécula modelo. As isotermas obtidas através da adsorção de N2 demonstraram que as características estruturais da hidroxipatita mesoporosa podem ser controladas modificando parâmetros, tais como temperatura de calcinação, pH de síntese e concentração do surfactante. Estas isotermas também indicam que a caseína é um promissor biosurfactante na síntese de fosfatos de cálcio mesoporosos, obtendo áreas superficiais de 106 m2.g-1, cujo valor é superior aos dados disponíveis na literatura. Os resultados comprovaram que a extração do surfactante foi realizada durante o processo de lavagem dos sólidos, este fato credencia a caseína como um excelente biosurfactante na síntese de materiais mesoestruturados. A modificação superficial da hidroxiapatita mesoporosa com os agentes sililantes nitrogenados diminuiu consideravelmente a cinética de liberação da BSA. Os sólidos organicamente funcionalizados apresentaram uma taxa de liberação mais lenta, que diminuindo à medida que a cadeia orgânica do agente sililante aumentou. Isto mostra que os grupos orgânicos presentes neste sólido agem como uma barreira temporária que evita a rápida liberação da BSA. As isotermas de liberação de BSA mostraram perfis de liberação em duas etapas, uma liberação rápida inicial seguida por uma mais lenta, o que caracteriza que estes materiais se adequaram ao modelo de liberação através do mecanismo de difusão proposto por Higuchi.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 3236722 bytes, checksum: c565548ef9bd6c5867bb5994542c2bdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrids are promising candidates in the field of adsorption. In this work new adsorbents based on mesoporous silica MCM-41 and HMS types organofunctionalized with groups containing nitrogen and sulfur using the method after functionalization were synthesized. The HMS silica was obtained from neutral n-dodecylamine surfactant and modified with organosilanes containing one, two or three nitrogen atoms, then submitted to the functionalization reaction with mercaptoacetic acid or ethylene sulfide. The MCM-41 silica, obtained from CTAB template was modified with the organosilane containing one nitrogen atom and functionalized with carbon disulfide. The set of HMS functionalized silicas were used in the adsorption process of divalent cations Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Pb from aqueous solution and kinetic study. All HMS and MCM-41 matrices were characterized through elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, surface area, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance of 13C and 29Si and X-ray diffraction techniques. The elemental C, H, N and S analysis suggest success on the immobilization of ethylene sulfide, thioglycolic acid ligands, pointing probably to an ethylene sulfide molecules polymerization. The matrix MCM-41 showed a small degree functionalization, 0.09 mmol g -1 of sulfur anchored to the surface. HMS functionalized matrices demonstrated having adsorption capacity of Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+, being the best results observed for Cu2+ cation. All systems studied obey the pseudo-second order kinetics of reaction. The values of Cu2+ ions adsorbed on the matrices HMS containing one, two or three nitrogen atoms and mercaptoacetic acid were 0.86, 1.08 and 1.06 mmol g-1, respectively. For matrices containing one, two or three nitrogen atoms and ethylene sulfide, values were 0.83, 1.38 and 1.01 mmol per gram, respectively. / Híbridos mesoporosos orgânico-inorgânicos são candidatos promissores na área de adsorção. Neste trabalho, foram sintetizados novos adsorventes baseados em sílicas mesoporosas do tipo HMS e MCM-41 organofuncionalizadas com grupos contendo nitrogênio e enxofre empregando o método pós funcionalização. A sílica HMS foi obtida a partir do direcionador n-dodecilamina e modificada com os organossilanos contendo um, dois ou três átomos de nitrogênio, em seguida submetidas a reações de funcionalização com ácido tioglicólico ou etilenossulfeto. A sílica MCM-41, obtida a partir do direcionador CTAB, foi modificada apenas com o organossilano contendo um átomo de nitrogênio e funcionalizada com dissulfeto de carbono. O conjunto de sílicas HMS funcionalizadas foram aplicadas em processos de adsorção dos cátions divalentes Cd, Co, Cu, Ni e Pb em solução aquosa, sendo realizado o estudo cinético. As matrizes HMS e MCM-41 puras, modificadas e funcionalizadas foram caracterizadas através das técnicas de análise elementar, termogravimetria, determinação de área superficial, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear de 13C e 29Si e difratometria de raios-X. Os dados de análise elementar de C, H, N e S sugerem o sucesso da imobilização dos ligantes ácido tioglicólico e etilenossulfeto apontando para possível polimerização das moléculas de etilenossulfeto. A matriz MCM-41 apresentou pequeno grau de funcionalização, 0,09 mmol g-1 de enxofre ancorado à superfície. As matrizes HMS funcionalizadas demonstraram capacidade para adsorção dos cátions Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ e Pb2+, sendo os melhores resultados verificados para o cátion Cu2+. Todos os sistemas estudados obedecem à cinética de reação de pseudo-segunda ordem. As quantidades dos cátions Cu2+ fixos adsorvidos nas matrizes HMS contendo um, dois ou três átomos de nitrogênio e o ligante ácido tioglicólico foram: 0,86; 1,08 e 1,06 mmol g-1, respectivamente. Para as matrizes contendo um, dois ou três átomos de nitrogênio e o ligante etilenossulfeto os valores foram: 0,83; 1,38 e 1,01 mmol por grama, respectivamente.

Des résines polymères mésoporeuses ont été préparées à partir d’un série de diamide (BHPBn) comme porogènes. Ces composés s’auto-assemblent dans les solvants non polaires pour former des nanotubes d’un diamètre peu polydisperse et d’une dizaine de nm. Ces tubes sont formés dans un mélange monomère/réticulant et la suspension qui en résulte est photopolymérisée pour donner une résine contenant les tubes. Ces derniers sont extraits avec un solvant dissociant pour donner des pores. On obtient des résines avec des pores de 37 à 51 nm, selon le porogène, ainsi qu’on l’a mesuré par MET et par adsorption de N2. Ces diamètres des pores ne sont pas corrélés à ceux de BHPBn et toujours supérieur.Ces résines ont été fonctionalisées avec des carboxylates, des esters du N-hydroxysuccinimide ou d’époxydes. Des lipases ont été liées au résines par ces fonctions avec des taux de 69 mg par g de résine époxide et de 60 mg/g de résine COOSu. Les enzymes liées ont une activité de moins de 1 % de celle des enzymes libres, ce qui peut être expliqué par une dénaturation des enzymes sur la surface des pores qui est hydrophobe. / Mesoporous polymeric resins have been prepared with a series of diamides (BHPBn) as porogens. These compounds self-assemble in non-polar solvents into nanotubes with monodisperse diameters ranging from 21 to 34 nm. The tubes are formed in mixtures of monmers/crosslinkers, and the resulting suspension is photopolymerized to yield a resin embedding the tubes. The later are removed from the resin by leaching it with a dissociating solvent, yielding pores. One obtains resins with pore sizes comprised between 37 and 51 nm, depending on the porogen, as measured by TEM or by N2 adsorption. The pore sizes of the corresponding resin were not correlated to those of the starting porogen and always higher. The resins were successfully functionalized with carboxylic acids, N-hydroxysuccinimde esters (COOSu), or epoxide. Enzymes were attached to the resins via those functions, with rates of 69 mg per g of resin for epoxide resins and 60 mg/g for COOSu resins. The activity of the enzymes attached on the resins was measured and found less than 1 % of the activity of the free enzyme, which may be explained by a denaturation of the enzyme due to the hydrophobic nature of the pore surface.

No description available.

Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas sínteses de ZrO2-x%CeO2, baseadas na preparação da sílica mesoporosa ordenada SBA-15, utilizando um molde de co-polímero tribloco Pluronic P-123, diversos precursores de zircônio e cério e diferentes métodos. Os métodos de síntese testados foram com: precursores a base de cloreto hidratado (com x=50, 70 e 90), precursores a base de cloreto anidro (x=50 e 90), precursores a base de nitrato (x=90), solução supersaturada de nitrato (x=90), do tipo híbrido com Zr, Ce e Si (com 10%mol de Si e x=90), paliçada de Si (com 10 e 30%mol de Si e x=90) e paliçada de Si com temperatura de síntese de 40°C (com 30%mol de Si e x=90). Visando obter paredes compostas por fase cristalina única e grande área supercial, para futuras aplicações em catálise. Os compósitos polímero/(zircônio-cério) sintetizados a partir de cloretos formam uma estrutura lamelar organizada, que se transforma num sistema poroso desordenado após a calcinação para a retirada do molde. O processo de decomposição/remoção do molde até 540°C produz mudanças de fase nos precursores a base dos metais utilizados, além das transformações morfológicas. Para uma concentração de 90% de CeO2 obtém-se um material poroso com paredes homogêneas de estrutura fcc e de maior estabilidade mecânica. Os valores de área supercial e volume de poros dependem fundamentalmente do método de preparação do material e independem da concentração de CeO2. Aumentos signicativos da área supercial (~100m²/g) e do volume de poros (~0,4cm³/g) são obtidos a partir da introdução de sílica nesses sistemas. Foram alcançados área supercial aproximadamente 6 vezes maior e tamanho de cristalito ~4 vezes superior à do material similar nanocristalino preparado por gel-combustão. Esses valores também são iguais aos reportados para os melhores materiais porosos a base de zircônia-céria, preparados por outros métodos, encontrados na literatura. / In this work synthesis of ZrO2-x%CeO2 were developed, based on the formation of ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15, using the triblock co-polymer Pluronic P-123 as template, different precursors of zirconium and cerium and dierent methods. The tested synthesis methods were with: hydrated chloride precursors (with x=50, 70 and 90), anhydrous chloride precursors (x=50 and 90), nitrate precursors (x=90), supersaturated nitrate solution (x=90), hybrid type with Zr, Ce and Si (with 10%mol of Si and x=90), Si palisade (with 10 and 30%mol of Si, and x=90) and Si palisade with synthesis temperature of 40°C (with 30%mol of Si and x=90). Aiming to obtain crystalline single phase walls and large supercial area, for future applications in catalysis. The composites polymer/zirconium-cerium synthesized from chloride precursors formed an organized lamellar structure, which transforms into a disordered porous system after the calcination to remove the template. The template decomposition/removal up to 540°C produces phase transformations in the metallic precursors, besides morphological changes. A CeO2 content of 90% resulted in a porous material with homogeneous walls of fcc structure and better mechanical stability. The values of supercial area and pore volume depend mostly on the preparation method rather than the CeO2 concentration. Signicant increases on supercial area (~100m²/g) and pore volume (~0.4cm³/g) were obtained with the introduction of silica into the material. Supercial area ~6 times larger and crystallite size ~4 times superior to a nanocrystalline similar material, made by gel-combustion were attained. These figures are also equal to the ones reported for the best porous zirconia-ceria materials, prepared by other routes, found in the literature.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Neste trabalho, aluminas mesoporosas dopadas com CeO2, MgO, ZrO2 ou La2O3 demonstraram que a estrutura dos sÃlidos influenciou no comportamento de desativaÃÃo de catalisadores na reforma seca do metano. Os sÃlidos foram caracterizados atravÃs de difraÃÃo de raios-X, anÃlise quÃmica, espectroscopia Raman, reduÃÃo termoprogramada, anÃlises texturais e termogravimÃtrica, microscopia eletrÃnica de transmissÃo e alta resoluÃÃo, antes e apÃs os testes catalÃticos. NÃquel, platina ou rutÃnio foram dispersos sobre os suportes porosos CeO2-Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3 e La2O3-Al2O3, formando distintas fases. Os catalisadores contendo rutÃnio ou platina foram em geral mais ativos na reforma seca do metano quando comparados aqueles contendo nÃquel, devido a maior dispersÃo das espÃcies de PtOx ou Ruo dispersas sobre MgAl2O4 ou CeAlO3. A resistÃncia à degradaÃÃo fÃsica dos sÃlidos contendo platina ou rutÃnio conduziu a um efeito do promotor para a formaÃÃo de espÃcies de carbono lÃbeis. Sobre o catalisador Ru/MgO-Al2O3, as nanopartÃculas de Ruo dispersas em MgAl2O4 foram mais acessÃveis as molÃculas de metano e diÃxido de carbono, apesar de serem as fontes para a formaÃÃo de carbono amorfo, grafite e nanotubos de carbono. / Mesoporous alumina doped with CeO2, MgO, ZrO2 or La2O3 demonstrated that the solid structure influenced on the deactivation behaviour of the catalysts in dry reforming of methane. Solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, Raman spectroscopy, termoprogrammed reduction, textural and thermogravimetric analyses and transmission electron microscopy, before and after the catalytic test. Nickel, ruthenium or platinum dispersed on porous CeO2-Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3 and La2O3-Al2O3 resulted in the formation of distinct phases. Catalysts possessing ruthenium or platinum were more active than the nickel counterparts due to the better dispersion of PtOx or Ruo on MgAl2O4 and CeAlO3 phases. The elevated resistance of ruthenium or platinum against physical degradation led to a promoting effect to labile carbon formation. Over Ru/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst, Ruo nanoparticles dispersed on MgAl2O4 were almost certainly accessible to methane and carbon dioxide molecules and the source supporting for the formation of such amorphous reactive carbon, graphite and carbon nanotubes, as well.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The mesoporous materials like MCM-41apresentam hexagonal arrangement of mesopores with pore diameter from 2 to 10 nm and high surface area. Due to these characteristics, these materials are considered promising as support for heterogeneous catalysts, devices for controlled drug release and absorption. In this work, were synthesized mesoporous materials like MCM-41 via two synthesis routes in order to correlate the synthetic route to the surface area, assess their influence on the structural and morphological properties, and their respective application as dye adsorbent textiles. For both synthesis routes were used as precursors of silica gel, sodium silicate, water and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTMABr), as an agent-driver structure. In the first synthesis route the materials were obtained by hydrothermal method with different temperatures (ambient 70 ° C and 100 ° C) and aging times (2h, 2 4h, 48h and 72h), with pH adjustment and every 24 hours calcinations at 550 ° C/4h. In the second synthesis route, we adopted the aging temperature environment and different times of crystallization (, 24h, 48h and 72h), no pH adjustment of the reaction medium and calcinations was performed at 550 ° C/6h. The MCM-41 was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG, DTA and DTG), and absorption spectroscopy in the infrared (IR) and nitrogen adsorption (BET method - Brunauer-Emmett-Teller). Through the analysis of XRD, TG, IR and nitrogen adsorption showed that the calcination conditions were promising agent for the removal of driver structure and the optimization of routes allowed for the synthesis of MCM-41 with a shorter time and temperature aging, expected in the literature. However, it was not possible to establish a relationship between time, temperature and aging structural ordering of MCM-41. In addition, the test results of the use of MCM-41 as an adsorbent textile dye showed a higher adsorption of the dye Orange-16, for not calcined sample as compared to calcined sample at room temperature, confirming the promising application in the treatment of waste textiles. / Os materiais Mesoporosos do tipo MCM-41apresentam arranjo hexagonal de Mesoporoso com diâmetro de poro entre 2 a 10 nm e elevada área superficial. Devido a essas características, estes materiais são considerados promissores como suporte para catalisadores heterogêneos, dispositivos pra liberação controlada de fármacos e adsorção. Neste trabalho, foram sintetizados os materiais Mesoporosos do tipo MCM-41 através de duas rotas de síntese com o objetivo de correlacionar à rota sintética com a área superficial, avaliar sua influência sobre as propriedades estruturais e morfológicas, e sua respectiva aplicação como adsorvente de corante têxtil. Para as duas rotas de síntese utilizaram- se como precursores a sílica gel, silicato de sódio, água e o cloreto de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTMABr), como agente direcionador de estrutura. Na primeira rota de síntese os materiais foram obtidos através do método hidrotérmico, com diferentes temperaturas (ambiente, 70°C e 100°C) e tempos de envelhecimento (2h, 24h, 48h e 72h), com ajuste de pH a cada 24h e calcinação a 550°C/4h. Na segunda rota de síntese, adotou-se a temperatura de envelhecimento ambiente e diferentes tempos de cristalização (, 24h, 48h e 72h), não houve ajuste do pH do meio reacional e a calcinação foi realizada a 550°C/6h. Os MCM-41 obtidos foram analisados por difração de raios-X (DRX), análise termogravimétrica (TG, DTA e DTG), espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho (IV) e adsorção de nitrogênio (método BET Brunauer- Emmett-Teller). Através das analises de DRX, TG, IV e adsorção de nitrogênio verificou-se que as condições de calcinação foram promissoras para a remoção do agente direcionador de estrutura e que a otimização das rotas possibilitou a síntese de MCM- 41 com um menor tempo e temperatura de envelhecimento, que o previsto na literatura. Entretanto, não foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre o tempo, temperatura de envelhecimento e ordenação estruturald do MCM-41. Além disso, os resultados dos ensaios da utilização do MCM-41 como adsorvente de corante têxtil mostraram uma elevada adsorção do corante Orange-16, para amostra não calcinada quando comparada a amostra calcinada, a temperatura ambiente, confirmando a promissora aplicação no tratamento de resíduos têxteis.