Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-27T13:04:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Alda Let?cia da Silva Santos Resende.pdf: 1570108 bytes, checksum: 847c87000cc34b478e835aa1e6f258ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T13:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Alda Let?cia da Silva Santos Resende.pdf: 1570108 bytes, checksum: 847c87000cc34b478e835aa1e6f258ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-08 / Once fish product offering by means of extractivism became stable, aquaculture emerges as a viable alternative to the increasing demand for quality protein. Brazilian low consumption of fish meat can be explained not only by cultural factors, but also by low offer of processed products as well as lack of practicity in meal preparation. In industry, after tilapia filleting, mechanically separated meat (MSM) is obtained which can be used for manufacturing of products with higher aggregated value. This work aimed at studying the technical feasibility, nutritional and sensorial qualities of tilapia fillet both in preserves and p?t? based on MSM, where protein and fatty acid profile alterations are observed. Simultaneously, a study on p?t? life span was carried out for a 180-days' period. Time x temperature binomial used (115?C x 20 minutes, and 115?C x 15 minutes, for the tilapia fillet and p?t?, respectively), were sufficent for assuring the commercial sterility of products. In relation to the preserved fillet, the most acceptable formula was of brine at 3%, and addition of fish seasoning to the covering oil, resulting in acceptance of 49%; 82%; 88%, and 65% for the attibutes: ?appearance?, ?taste?, ?texture? and for the purchasing intention, respectively. Both fatty acids EPA (Eicosapentaenoic) and DHA (docosaenoic) values were of 0.04% and 0.86%, respectively, while the sum of fatty acids series ?3 was equal to 0.34 g/100 g. Content of cholesterol was of 40.63 mg/100 g, considered low when compared to other products, such as eggs and meat. Physicalchemical composition of the product was: moisture: 76.21%; protein: 16.18%; ashes: 1.45%; ethereal extract: 3.71%. In relation to the p?t?, the storing period studied did not alter either the protein or the fatty acids profile, nor was the physical-chemical composition significantly alterated (moisture: 61.05%; protein: 9.44%; ashes: 2.41%; ethereal extract: 19.45%). By means of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) a significant variation (P<0.05) was observed only on the averages attributed to ?spreadability? and ?creamy quality? throughout the study. Although ethereal extract in p?t? was high, cholesterol content was low (38.68 mg/100 g) taking into account that canoil oil was used in its formula, which not compromised quality of fatty acids profiled. DHA and linoleic acid values of p?t? were 0.35 and 5.60, respectively, and the sum of series ?3 fatty acids was of 1.58 g/100 g. After 180-day storing, acceptance frequency by consummers was of 95% for the ?global impression?; 91% for ?taste?; 89% for ?spreadability?, and 80% for ?appearance?. This study proves the technical, nutritional and market potential for products based on Tilapia meat. / Com a estabiliza??o da oferta de produtos de pesca pelo extrativismo, a aquicultura se mostra como alternativa vi?vel ao atendimento da demanda crescente por prote?na de qualidade. O baixo consumo brasileiro da carne de pescado pode ser explicado por fatores culturais, mas tamb?m pela baixa oferta de produtos processados e pela falta de praticidade no preparo da refei??o. Na ind?stria, ap?s o processo de filetagem da Til?pia, obt?m-se com aux?lio de m?quina despolpadeira, a carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) que pode ser utilizada na fabrica??o de produtos com maior valor agregado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a viabilidade t?cnica, qualidade nutricional e sensorial do fil? de Til?pia em conserva e do pat? ? base da CMS, observando as altera??es no perfil prot?ico e de ?cidos graxos. Foi realizado tamb?m estudo de vida ?til do pat? por per?odo de 180 dias. Os bin?mios tempo x temperatura utilizados (115?C x 20 minutos e 115?C x 15 minutos, para fil? e pat? de Til?pia, respectivamente), foram suficientes para garantir a esterilidade comercial dos produtos. Em rela??o ao fil? em conserva, a formula??o que obteve maior aceita??o foi a de salmoura a 3% e com tempero para peixe no ?leo de cobertura na qual a frequ?ncia de aceita??o do mesmo foi de 49%; 82%; 88% e 65% para os atributos ?apar?ncia?, ?sabor?, ?textura? e para a inten??o de compra, respectivamente. Os valores de ?cidos graxos EPA (eicosapentan?ico) e DHA (docosaexan?ico) foram de 0,04% e 0,86%, respectivamente e o somat?rio de ?cidos graxos da s?rie ?3 igual a 0,34 g/100 g. O teor de colesterol do produto foi de 40,63 mg/100 g sendo considerado baixo quando comparado ? outros alimentos como ovos e carnes. A composi??o f?sico-qu?mica do produto foi: umidade: 76,21%; prote?na: 16,18%; cinzas: 1,45%; extrato et?reo: 3,71%. Em rela??o ao pat?, o per?odo de armazenamento estudado n?o alterou o perfil prot?ico nem o de ?cidos graxos do produto, al?m de n?o ter alterado de forma significativa a sua composi??o f?sico-qu?mica (umidade: 61,05%; prote?na: 9,44%; cinzas: 2,41%; extrato et?reo: 19,45%). Atrav?s da An?lise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) foi observada varia??o significativa (p<0,05) somente das m?dias dos atributos ?espalhabilidade? e ?cremosidade? ao longo do estudo. Apesar do teor de extrato et?reo do pat? ser elevado, o teor de colesterol foi reduzido (38,68 mg/100 g) visto que foi usado ?leo de canola na sua formula??o, o que tamb?m n?o comprometeu a qualidade do perfil de ?cidos graxos do mesmo. Os valores de DHA e ?cido linol?nico do pat? foram 0,35 e 5,60%, respectivamente e o somat?rio dos ?cidos graxos da s?rie ?3 foi de 1,58 g/100 g. Ap?s 180 dias de armazenamento, a frequ?ncia de aceita??o do pat? entre os consumidores foi de 95% para a ?impress?o global?; de 91% para o atributo ?sabor?; de 89% para a ?espalhabilidade? e de 80% para a ?apar?ncia?. Este estudo comprova o potencial t?cnico, nutricional e de mercado para os produtos ? base de carne de Til?pia.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) are nutritious and medicinal vegetables, but could also harbor harmful microbial contaminants. The main aim of the project was to determine the effect of each processing techniques on the microbiology, proximate nutrients and shelf life of these vegetables to produce nutritious, tasty, safe and long lasting vegetable products. The processing techniques used were: washing, blanching, and drying. Leaf samples were collected at each stage of processing and were analysed for total viable count, coliform count, yeast and mould count and nutritional content. Microbial plate analysis showed the presence, particularly on cowpea leaves, of yeasts and bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococci, Streptococci, and enterobacter including enteropathogens such as Salmonella spp., Shigella dysenteriae and E coli. The presence of E.coli on the leaves was also confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal DNA analysis. The most effective processing technique which reduced microbial load to below SABS standards while retaining nutritional quality was the washing of the leaves twice with tap water followed by steam tunnel blanching at 94oC for 12 minutes. Oven drying the leaves at 60oC gave satisfactory and extended shelf life results. Proximate analysis comparison of the two leaf types showed that on average moringa leaves contained more ash (2.37 vs 1.1 g), protein (6,9 vs 3,6 g), fat (0,41 vs 0.2 g) and energy (305,1 vs 70KJ) but less dietary fibre (0,9 vs 7,5 g) than cowpea leaves. No significant differences were noted in these values following washing and steam blanching. These results indicate that washing of these leaves is effective as to reducing microbial load and maintaining proximate values in the short term (up to 4 days) but that oven drying is effective for longer-term storage. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) are nutritious and medicinal vegetables, but could also harbor harmful microbial contaminants. The main aim of the project was to determine the effect of each processing techniques on the microbiology, proximate nutrients and shelf life of these vegetables to produce nutritious, tasty, safe and long lasting vegetable products. The processing techniques used were: washing, blanching, and drying. Leaf samples were collected at each stage of processing and were analysed for total viable count, coliform count, yeast and mould count and nutritional content. Microbial plate analysis showed the presence, particularly on cowpea leaves, of yeasts and bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococci, Streptococci, and enterobacter including enteropathogens such as Salmonella spp., Shigella dysenteriae and E coli. The presence of E.coli on the leaves was also confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal DNA analysis. The most effective processing technique which reduced microbial load to below SABS standards while retaining nutritional quality was the washing of the leaves twice with tap water followed by steam tunnel blanching at 94oC for 12 minutes. Oven drying the leaves at 60oC gave satisfactory and extended shelf life results. Proximate analysis comparison of the two leaf types showed that on average moringa leaves contained more ash (2.37 vs 1.1 g), protein (6,9 vs 3,6 g), fat (0,41 vs 0.2 g) and energy (305,1 vs 70KJ) but less dietary fibre (0,9 vs 7,5 g) than cowpea leaves. No significant differences were noted in these values following washing and steam blanching. These results indicate that washing of these leaves is effective as to reducing microbial load and maintaining proximate values in the short term (up to 4 days) but that oven drying is effective for longer-term storage. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

Externe Fixateure werden häufig für die Stabilisierung und Behandlung schwerer Frakturen genutzt. Schraubenkanalinfektionen können dabei zu Komplikationen, wie Osteomyelitis und Stabilitätsverlusten führen. Es ist unklar, ob Schraubenkanalinfektionen zu Schraubenlockerungen führen, oder aber ob der Stabilitätsverlust von Schrauben in Schraubenkanalinfektionen resultiert. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, einen Zusammenhang zwischen der mechanischen Stabilität, dem Auftreten von Infektionen und der osseären Verankerung darzustellen. An 27 Schafen wurde eine standardisierte Osteotomie (3mm weiter Frakturspalt) der rechten Tibia durchgeführt und mit einem monolateralem Fixateur externe stabilisiert. Während der täglichen Pinpflege wurde die Haut um die Schraubeneintrittsstellen begutachtet. Radiologische Verlaufskontrollen erfolgten in wöchentlichen Abständen. Nach 3, 6 und 9 Wochen wurden die Tiere getötet, die Ausdrehmomente der Schrauben gemessen und mikrobiologische Abstriche genommen. Knochenschnitte durch die Schraubenkanäle wurden für histologische, histochemische und histomorphometrische Analysen genommen. In dieser Studie scheint es zu einer Zunahme der Stabilisierung der osseären Verankerung während des Heilungsverlaufes zu kommen. Da die kortikale Knochendichte über die Zeit abnimmt, kann die zunehmend stabilere Verankerung der Schrauben einzig über eine gleichzeitige periostale Kallusdichtezunahme erklärt werden. Die größten Ausdrehmomente des neugebildeten periostalen Kallus wurden zum Sechswochenzeitpunkt gemessen. Danach nimmt die periostale Kallusfläche ab, wohingegen die Kallusdichte zunimmt. Die mikrobiologische Besiedelungsrate (15%) war dreifach höher als die klinisch bestätigten Infektionen. Hingegen war die Osteolyserate (28%) doppelt so hoch wie die mikrobiologisch bestätigte Infektionsrate. Eine Korrelation zwischen Infektion, Osteolyse und Pinlockerung konnte nicht gefunden werden. / External fixators are frequently used for the stabilization and the treatment of problematic fractures. Pin track infections have been shown to cause complications such as osteomyelitis and loss of stability of osteosynthesis. It remains unclear, whether pin track infection provokes pin loosening, or loss of the pin stability results in pin track infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the mechanical stability of pins, the incidence of pin track infections and the osseus anchorage of pins. 27 sheep underwent a standardized osteotomy (3 mm gap) of the right tibia. The tibiae were stabilized by a monolateral external fixator. Within the daily pin care routine, the skin around the pin entries was scored. Radiographs were taken at weekly intervals. After 3, 6 and 9 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, the extraction torque of all pins was determined and microbiological analyses were taken. Bone sections through the pintracks were taken for histological, histochemical and histomorphometrical analysis. This study reveals an increasing stability of osseous pinanchorage over the course of healing. As the cortical bone density decreased over time, the increased anchorage-stability of the pins can only be explained by the simultaneous increase of the periosteal callus bone density. The magnitude of the extraction force is determined by the newbuilt periosteal callus, which is at its biggest value at six weeks. Afterwards, the periosteal callus area abates, while the callus bone density accumulates. The microbiologically affirmed infection rate (15%) was three times higher than the one clinical ascertained. In contrast the evidence of osteolysis (28%) was twice as high as the microbiologically diagnosed infection-rate. Despite the low infection rate, evidence of cortical lysis coud not be prevented. No correlation could be found between infection, osteolysis and pin loosening.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-16T16:02:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROMÉRCIA BATISTA DOS SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2013..pdf: 1113569 bytes, checksum: 29bd7b553a65415a734895bc13bc037a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T16:02:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROMÉRCIA BATISTA DOS SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2013..pdf: 1113569 bytes, checksum: 29bd7b553a65415a734895bc13bc037a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-20 / O presente trabalho propôs correlacionar atividades agroindustriais com a saúde humana e ambiental, tendo o Perímetro Irrigado de São Gonçalo-PB, como local de estudo. Para isto analisou-se a água bruta e tratada oriunda do referido perímetro, através de parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos, como objeto maior de investigação. A pesquisa caracteriza-se de natureza quantitativa, qualitativa e descritiva. Foram georreferenciados oito pontos de amostragem, sendo que quatro pontos foram de água bruta e quatro de água tratada. As coletas foram realizadas em 2012, durante seis meses, considerando abril, maio e junho como período de inverno e, outubro, novembro e dezembro como época de seca. Fez-se também um levantamento dos indicadores básicos das condições sanitárias e socioambientais que refletem diretamente na saúde humana e no ecossistema. Os resultados físicoquímicos e microbiológicos foram avaliados com base nas legislações vigentes. Assim, foi possível constatar que tanto as amostras da água bruta e tratada, em relação aos atributos físico-químicos, estes se mantiveram dentro dos limites permitidos (Res. CONAMA 375/05 e Portaria MS nº2914/11, respectivamente). Os resultados microbiológicos constataram presença de coliformes, de presença total e termotolerantes para as amostras de água bruta, em ambos os períodos de inverno e verão. O critério de balneabilidade para estas mesmas águas apresentaram aspectos satisfatórios para o ponto A3 e A4 (ver pontos de análise) e impróprias para os pontos A6 e A8 (Res. CONAMA 274/2000). Assim, as águas tratadas revelaram focos de contaminação microbiológica em todos os pontos, observadas as delimitações da Portaria MS 2914/2011, pela presença de coliformes totais. As amostras de águas tratadas revelaram que nos núcleos habitacionais II e III (NHII-2 e NHIII-2) apontaram valores de Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes elevados, acreditando-se que tal contaminação esteja atribuída à má manutenção da rede hidráulica, e/ou higienização ineficiente. É importante informar que a média de chuvas no ano de 2012, período da pesquisa, foi abaixo do esperado, contribuindo para um decréscimo significativo em relação ao volume total em metros cúbicos (m³) do açude de São Gonçalo. Tal situação é preocupante, pois, a diminuição das águas é um indicador de eutrofização. Após análise, foi possível concluir que tais situações, como, por exemplo, o abastecimento e tratamento de água, destino dos dejetos e dos resíduos sólidos, refletem uma condição de prédisposição da população as doenças como também podem comprometer as atividades agroindustriais desenvolvidas no perímetro irrigado em estudo. / This paper proposed agribusiness activities correlate with human and environmental health, and the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo - PB, as a study. For this we analyzed the raw and treated water coming from said perimeter, through physical, chemical and microbiological parameters, such as increased under investigation. The research is characterized quantitative, qualitative and descriptive nature. Eight sampling were geocoded, and four points were raw water and treated water four. The collections were made in 2012, for six months, for April, May and June as period and reverse, October, November and December as the dry season. And he made a survey of the basic indicators of health and environmental conditions that directly influence human health and the ecosystem. The physico-chemical and microbiological outcomes were assessed based on the current legislation. Thus, it was found that both samples of raw water and treated in relation to physico-chemical properties, these remained within permitted limits (CONAMA Resolution 375/05 and MS Portaria No. 2914/11, respectively). The microbiological results found presence of coliforms, total and thermotolerant presence for raw water samples, in both winter and summer periods. The criteria for bathing waters showed satisfactory these same aspects for the A3 and A4 point (see point analysis) and unfit for A6 and A8 points (CONAMA Resolution 274/2000). Thus, the treated water showed foci of microbial contamination at all points, observing the boundaries of the MS 2914/2011, by the presence of total coliforms. Samples of treated water showed that the housing units II and III (and NHIII-2 NHII-2) showed values of more than Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms and thermotolerant high, it is believed that such contamination is attributed to poor maintenance the hydraulic network, and / or inefficient cleaning. It is important to mention that the average rainfall in 2012, survey period, was lower than expected, contributing to a significant decrease in the total volume in cubic meters ( m³ ) Açude of São Gonçalo. This situation is worrying because, with the decrease of water promotes the process of eutrophication. After analysis of the indicators, it was concluded that such situations, for example, the supply and treatment of water, Sewage facilities and solid waste, reflect a pre-condition to the population as diseases can also compromise the agribusiness activities developed in the irrigated area under study.