Cette thèse est une thèse CIFRE entre le LORIA et la société MEDETIC et porte sur la conception des systèmes de télésurveillance pour le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées.Le système est conçu aux personnes âgées qui veulent passer leur vieillesse dans leur propre maison, à cause de son potentiel pour augmenter l'indépendance et la qualité de la vie. Cela profiterait non seulement aux personnes âgées qui veulent vivre dans leur propre maison, mais aussi le système de santé publique en coupant des prix de façon significative.Mis à part la conception d'une architecture de télésurveillance « Vill’Âge® »basée sur des réseaux de capteurs hétérogènes (Domotique, IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee, Wifi, Bluetooth), la thèse a contribué essentiellement sur la proposition d'un protocole de clustering et de routage dans le réseau de capteurs sans fil avec une approche de la logique floue, et d'un middleware pour la collecte et le traitement des données des capteurs avec la gestion de la qualité de service comme particularité.Une première plateforme de test à été développée à Colmar (MEDETIC) et une seconde, plus complète et fait suite de cette thèse, est en cours de développement au LORIA (http://infositu.loria.fr/).Nous avons participé dans le concours de ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche avec un projet intitulé MPIGate: « Multi Protocol Interface and Gateway for telecare, environment Monitoring and Control » et nous avons gagné le prix de ce concours au niveau d’émergence. / This thesis is a thesis CIFRE between LORIA and the MEDETIC Company and focuses on the design of telehomecare system for the elderly.In addition to the design of a remote surveillance architecture “Vill’Âge ®” based on networks of heterogeneous sensor (home automation, IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee, Wifi, Bluetooth), thesis has contributed essentially on the proposal of a clustering and routing protocol in the network of wireless sensors with an approach to fuzzy logic, and of a middleware for the collection and processing of data from sensors with the management of the quality of service as a special feature.A first platform was developed at Colmar (MEDETIC) and a second who is more complete is under development at LORIA (http://infositu.loria.fr/).By using this system, MEDeTIC, offers a new concept of smart homes for the senior citizens, named in French “Maisons Vill’Âge”. The first housing schemes are being built in 2 departments of France. A flat is entirely equipped to act as a demonstrator and as laboratory of research and development.The system is designed for the elderly who wish to spend their old age in their own home, because of its potential to increase independence and quality of life. This would not only benefit the elderly who want to live in their own home, but also the national health care system by cutting costs significantly. Based on this PhD thesis, MPIGate, a “Multiprotocol Interface and Gateway for for telecare, environment”, has been developed. MPIGate was awarded in the competition of the Ministry of Higher Education and Research and OSEO 2010

Submitted by Carmen Torres (carmensct@globo.com) on 2018-02-05T16:59:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_SmartcomArquiteturaInteligente.pdf: 6115605 bytes, checksum: e7635deb3e7a4d4e713eb377b019ecb4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-02-16T12:43:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_SmartcomArquiteturaInteligente.pdf: 6115605 bytes, checksum: e7635deb3e7a4d4e713eb377b019ecb4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T12:43:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_SmartcomArquiteturaInteligente.pdf: 6115605 bytes, checksum: e7635deb3e7a4d4e713eb377b019ecb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Com os avanços na tecnologia da informação para diversas áreas, como saúe bem-estar, as soluções baseadas em Smart Home que usam as tecnologidaes Internet of Things (IoT) vem ganhando maior repercussão, inclusive como alternativas de economia de energia com base em Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Energia Domiciliar (SGED). Esta tese define uma arquitetura inovadora, denominada de SmartCoM, que é implementada para monitorar e gerenciar habitações residenciais usando tecnologias IoT. Tal estratégia envolve a definição dos parâmetros que podem efetivar a interoperabilidade entre medição, gerenciamento e as camadas de comunicação de dados, que são os recursos necessários para que os dispositivos de hardware possam realizar o monitoramento e medição pretendidos. Além disso, uma interface é definida por uma camada de middleware para integrar o gerenciamento de instalações externas e a visualização de dados por meio de um serviço em nuvem. A arquitetura SmartCoM é definida de maneira fim-a-fim, em detalhes do ponto de vista do consumidor e as estratégias de otimização s.o empregadas tanto para o cliente final quanto para a concessionária de energia. A fim de avaliar a arquitetura proposta, foi elaborado um estudo de caso, a partir do qual, observa-se a viabilidade do desenvolvimento de soluções para Smart Home de acordo com os requisitos descritos na SmartCoM. / With advances in information technology for a variety of areas, such as health and wellness, Smart Home based solutions using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are gaining in popularity, including energy-saving alternatives based on Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS). This thesis defines an innovative architecture, called SmartCoM, which is implemented to monitor and manage residences using IoT technologies. Such a strategy involves defining the parameters that can affect the interoperability between measurement, management and the layers of data communication, which are the resources necessary for the hardware devices to perform the intended monitoring and measurement. In addition, an interface is defined by a middleware layer to integrate the management of external installations and the visualization of data through cloud services. The SmartCoM architecture is defined end-to-end in detail from the consumer's point of view and optimization strategies are employed for both the end customer and the utility. In order to evaluate the proposed architecture, a case study was elaborated, from which the viability of developing solutions for Smart Home according to the requirements described in SmartCoM is observed.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une réponse à la problématique d’adaptation automatique et dynamique des services numériques au sein des réseaux du futur (NGN). Pour cela, notre contribution s’articule autour d’un intergiciel qui prend en charge les fonctions de gestion du contexte pour les services numériques ; ceci pour permettre l’émergence de services numériques sensibles au contexte dans les réseaux du futur. L’originalité de ces travaux dans les NGN se situe dans le modèle de conception pour des services numériques sensibles au contexte où l’on découple la logique métier du service numérique de la logique de gestion du contexte. Plus spécifiquement nous définissons la notion de signature de contexte, propre à chaque service numérique, qui permet d’identifier les situations d’usage du service numérique et accompagne l’intergiciel dans le choix de la modalité d’exécution la plus performante. Elle est liée au service numérique sensible au contexte dès sa conception. Lors du déploiement du service dans le serveur d’applications, la signature de contexte est désolidarisée de la logique métier et se voit insérée dans la base de connaissance de l’intergiciel. La signature fait ainsi le lien entre l’intergiciel et le service numérique. Elle permet d’activer l’ensemble des fonctions de traitement du contexte que nous avons modélisées sous la forme d’une chaîne de traitement du contexte. Cette approche assure une séparation des deux logiques qui composent un service numérique sensible au contexte. Les concepteurs de tels services peuvent alors se concentrer sur le développement de la logique métier sans se soucier des fonctions de gestion du contexte / The era of fixed-mobile convergence is imminent, thanks to the Next Generation Network (NGN) paradigm. Such approaches encompass converged networks where users can use any kind of terminals and network access technologies.An utmost issue for NGN is to provide multimodal digital services, since the user’s terminal or network access are expected to change over time during his own session. This means services must be able to shift from one form of service delivery to another according to context updates. We propose to implement context awareness for digital services in NGNs by providing context-awareness to application servers hosted in a NGN. These services running on applications servers (AS) are consumed through a network using the client-server paradigm. In this situation, the context is composed of information about the network and features of the end-user terminal. We explain and implemente a novel architecture that makes AS taking into account the context-awareness of the digital service they host. The architecture employs application ontology in order to monitor the applications’ context. Moreover, when a new context-aware application is deployed on the application server, its context-logic (a set of SWRL rules which rely the domain ontology called context signature) is extracted from the application bundle. Each SWRL rule encodes a context-aware threshold for the application. When a rule is triggered at runtime, the application server notifies the application, so that the application change its service delivery modality, as the current context favors another service delivery modality different than the current one

Τα ασύρματα δίκτυα αισθητήρων αποτελούν μία πρωτοποριακή τεχνολογία που ήρθε στο προσκήνιο πριν από μία περίπου δεκαετία. Η καινοτομία της τεχνολογίας αυτής έγκειται στη συνεργασία μεγάλου αριθμού κόμβων περιορισμένων πόρων χαμηλής κατανάλωσης ισχύος σε μία μόνο εφαρμογή. Η εργασία αυτή ασχολείται με θέματα ενδιάμεσου λογισμικού σε ασύρματα δίκτυα αισθητήρων. Συγκεκριμένα, μελετάται το πρωτόκολλο Deluge που αποτελεί τη βασική επιλογή για ασύρματο προγραμματισμό δικτύων αισθητήρων που «τρέχουν» το λειτουργικό σύστημα πραγματικού χρόνου TinyOS. Παρέχοντας έναν αξιόπιστο και αποδοτικό μηχανισμό διάδοσης δεδομένων μέσω της δυαδικής εικόνας του κώδικα, το Deluge κατέχει ρόλο-κλειδί στη βαθμίδα ενδιάμεσου λογισμικού των ασύρματων δικτύων αισθητήρων. Η μελέτη και κατανόηση του πρωτοκόλλου αυτού επέτρεψε την υλοποίηση σε nesC ενός απλούστερου πρωτοκόλλου που αξιοποιεί τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά του μηχανισμού μετάδοσης δεδομένων του Deluge. Σε συνέχεια αυτής της υλοποίησης, αξιολογήθηκε εκ νέου η διαδικασία μετάδοσης πραγματοποιώντας δοκιμές τόσο σε πραγματικές τοπολογίες κόμβων αισθητήρων (motes) που υποστηρίζουν το πρότυπο ασύρματης επικοινωνίας IEEE 802.15.4 όσο και σε περιβάλλον προσομοίωσης (TOSSIM). Τα προκύπτοντα αποτελέσματα επιβεβαιώνουν την αποδοτική μετάδοση δεδομένων σε δίκτυα αισθητήρων αξιοποιώντας το πρωτόκολλο Deluge. Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελείται από έξι κεφάλαια. Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρέχει πληροφορίες για το γνωστικό αντικείμενο της εργασίας. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται μία μελέτη στην ερευνητική περιοχή των ασύρματων δικτύων αισθητήρων και στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο εξετάζονται τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά ενός κόμβου αισθητήρων που υποστηρίζει το πρότυπο IEEE 802.15.4. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η έννοια του ασύρματου προγραμματισμού στα δίκτυα αισθητήρων και μελετάται εκτενώς το πρωτόκολλο Deluge. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται η υλοποίηση που έλαβε χώρα και η αξιολόγηση αυτής με τους μηχανισμούς που αναφέρθηκαν παραπάνω. Τέλος, στο έκτο κεφάλαιο παρατίθενται τα συμπεράσματα που εξήχθησαν από την εκπόνηση της εν λόγω εργασίας και δίνονται ορισμένες κατευθύνσεις για μελλοντική ενασχόληση με το Deluge και με το ενδιάμεσο λογισμικό στα δίκτυα αισθητήρων γενικότερα. / Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) emerged about a decade ago, representing a new class of computing with large numbers of resource-constrained computing nodes cooperating on a single application. This thesis deals with middleware issues in wireless sensor networks. Specifically, we study Deluge that suggests the de facto over-the-air programming protocol for WSNs working under TinyOS. Providing a reliable and efficient data dissemination mechanism via the binary image of the program code, Deluge plays a key role in the middleware layer of WSNs. Gaining insight into Deluge, we implemented in the nesC programming language a simplified protocol that incorporates the main features of Deluge data dissemination mechanism. This implementation allowed us to evaluate further the propagation procedure of Deluge using a two-mechanism evaluation framework. Carrying out experiments both in real-world deployments being compatible with IEEE 802.15.4 radio and in a simulation environment (TOSSIM), we verified the efficient data propagation in WSNs, using Deluge. This dissertation follows a structure of six chapters. In the first chapter, we give a piece of information about the subject field of this thesis. In the second chapter, we present an overall survey of the research area of WSNs and in the third chapter we examine the basic features of a sensor node (mote) whose wireless communication is based on an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radio. In the fourth chapter, we discuss network programming in WSNs and we analyze the data dissemination mechanism of Deluge. In the fifth chapter, we discuss our implementation and its evaluation. Finally, in the sixth chapter, we conclude the thesis emphasizing the experience derived from that and we give some directions for future work with Deluge and middleware in WSNs generally.

La technologie actuelle permet aux scientifiques de divers domaines d'obtenir des données de plus en plus précises et volumineuses, Afin de résoudre ces problèmes associés à l'obtention de ces données, les architectures de calcul évoluent, en fournissant toujours plus de ressources, notamment grâce à des machines plus puissantes et à leur mutualisation. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’étudier dans un premier temps le placement des tâches d'applications itératives asynchrones dans des environnements hétérogènes et volatils. Notre solution nous permet également de s'affranchir de l(hétérogénéité des machines hôtes tout en offrent une implantation facilitée de politiques de tolérance aux pannes, les expérimentations que nous avons menées sont encourageantes et montrent qu'il existe un réel potentiel quand à l'utilisation d'une telle plateforme pour l'exécution d'applications scientifiques. / The current technology allows scientists of several domains to obtain more precise and large data. In the same time, computing architectures evolve too, by providing even more computing resources, with more powerful machines and the pooling of them. In this thesis, in a first time we propose to study the problem of the mapping of asynchronous iterative applications tasks into heterogeneous and volatile environments. Our solution allows also to overcome the heterogeneity of host machines while offering an easier implementation of policies for fault tolerance. The experiments we have conducted are encouraging ad show that there is real potential for the use of such a platform for running scientific applications.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) is the primary method for enabling asynchronous communication over the Web. Although AJAX is providing warranted real-time capabilities to the Web, it requires unconventional programming methods at the expense of extensive resource usage. WebSockets, which is an emerging protocol, has the potential to address many challenges with implementing asynchronous communication over the Web. There, however, has been no in-depth study that quantitatively compares AJAX and WebSockets. This thesis therefore provides two contributions to Web development. First, it provides an experience report for adding real-time monitoring support over the Web to the Open-source Architecture of Software Instrumentation of Systems(OASIS), which is open-source real-time instrumentation middleware for distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems. Secondly, it quantitatively compares using AJAX and WebSockets to stream collected instrumentation data over the Web in real-time. Results from quantitative comparison between WebSockets and AJAX show that a WebSockets server consumes 50% less network bandwidth than an AJAX server; a WebSockets client consumes memory at constant rate, not at an increasing rate; and WebSockets can send up to 215.44% more data samples when consuming the same amount network bandwidth as AJAX.

The increasing number of smart systems inevitably leads to a huge number of systems that potentially provide independently designed, autonomously operating services. In near-future smart computing systems, such as smart cities, smart grids or smart mobility, independently developed and heterogeneous services need to be dynamically interconnected in order to develop their full potential in a rather complex collaboration with others. Since the services are developed independently, it is challenging to integrate them on-the-fly at run time. Due to the increasing degree of distribution, such systems operate in a decentralized and volatile environment, where central management is infeasible. Conversely, the increasing computational power of such systems also supersedes the need for central management. The four identified key problems of adaptable, collaborative Smart Service Systems are on-demand composition of complex service structures in decentralized environments, the absence of a comprehensive, serendipity-aware specification, a discontinuity from design-time specification to run-time execution, and the lack of a development methodology that separates the development of a service from that of its role essential to a collaboration. This approach utilizes role-based models, which have a collaborative nature, for automated, on-demand service composition. A rigorous two-phase development methodology is proposed in order to demarcate the development of the services from that of their role essential to a collaboration. Therein, a collaboration designer specifies the collaboration including its abstract functionality using the proposed role-based collaboration specification for Smart Service Systems. Thereof, a partial implementation is derived, which is complemented by services developed in the second phase. The proposed middleware architecture provides run-time support and bridges the gap between design and run time. It implements a protocol for coordinated, role-based composition and adaptation of Smart Service Systems. The approach is quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated by means of a case study and a performance evaluation in order to identify limitations of complex service structures and the trade-off of employing the concept of roles for composition and adaptation of Smart Service Systems.:1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Terminology 1.3 Problem Statement 1.4 Requirements Analysis 1.5 Research Questions and Hypothesis 1.6 Focus and Limitations 1.7 Outline 2 The Role Concept in Computer Science 2.1 What is a Role in Computer Science? 2.2 Roles in RoleDiSCo 3 State of the Art & Related Work 3.1 Role-based Modeling Abstractions for Software Systems 3.1.1 Classification 3.1.2 Approaches 3.1.3 Summary 3.2 Role-based Run-Time Systems 3.2.1 Classification 3.2.2 Approaches 3.2.3 Summary 3.3 Spontaneously Collaborating Run-Time Systems 3.3.1 Classification 3.3.2 Approaches 3.3.3 Summary 3.4 Summary 4 On-Demand Composition and Adaptation of Smart Service Systems 4.1 RoleDiSCo Development Methodology 4.1.1 Role-based Collaboration Specification for Smart Service Systems 4.1.2 Derived Partial Implementation 4.1.3 Player & Context Provision 4.2 RoleDiSCo Middleware Architecture for Smart Service Systems 4.2.1 Infrastructure Abstraction Layer 4.2.2 Context Management 4.2.3 Local Repositories & Knowledge 4.2.4 Discovery 4.2.5 Dispatcher 4.3 Coordinated Composition and Subsequent Adaptation 4.3.1 Initialization and Planning 4.3.2 Composition: Coordinating Subsystem 4.3.3 Composition: Non-Coordinating Subsystem 4.3.4 Competing Collaborations & Negotiation 4.3.5 Subsequent Adaptation 4.3.6 Terminating a Pervasive Collaboration 4.4 Summary 5 Implementing RoleDiSCo 5.1 RoleDiSCo Development Support 5.2 RoleDiSCo Middleware 5.2.1 Infrastructure Abstraction Layer 5.2.2 Knowledge Repositories and Local Class Discovery 5.2.3 Planner 6 Evaluation 6.1 Case Study: Distributed Slideshow 6.1.1 Scenario 6.1.2 Phase 1: Collaboration Design 6.1.3 Phase 2: Player Complementation 6.1.4 Coordinated Composition and Adaptation at Run Time 6.2 Runtime Evaluation 6.2.1 General Testbed Setup and Scenarios 6.2.2 Discovery Time 6.2.3 Composition Time 6.2.4 Discussion 6.3 The ›Role‹ of Roles 6.4 Summary 7 Conclusion 7.1 Summary 7.2 Research Results 7.3 Future Work

Historically, the United States (US) electric grid has been a stable one-way power delivery infrastructure that supplies centrally-generated electricity to its predictably consuming demand. However, the US electric grid is now undergoing a huge transformation from a simple and static system to a complex and dynamic network, which is starting to interconnect intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs), portable electric vehicles (EVs), and load-altering home automation devices, that create bidirectional power flow or stochastic load behavior. In order for this grid of the future to effectively embrace the high penetration of these disruptive and fast-responding digital technologies without compromising its safety, reliability, and affordability, plug-and-play interoperability within the field area network must be enabled between operational technology (OT), information technology (IT), and telecommunication assets in order to seamlessly and securely integrate into the electric utility's operations and planning systems in a modular, flexible, and scalable fashion. This research proposes a potential approach to simplifying the translation and contextualization of operational data on the electric grid without being routed to the utility datacenter for a control decision. This methodology integrates modern software technology from other industries, along with utility industry-standard semantic models, to overcome information siloes and enable interoperability. By leveraging industrial engineering tools, a framework is also developed to help devise a reference architecture and use-case application process that is applied and validated at a US electric utility.

La tesis se enmarca en el estudio de las arquitecturas inteligentes de control distribuido y de los sistemas de comunicaciones empleados, más concretamente el trabajo se centra en la optimización del sistema de control por medio de la evaluación del rendimiento en el middleware a través de los parámetros de calidad de servicio y de la optimización del control empleando políticas de calidad de servicio. El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar, diseñar, desarrollar y evaluar una arquitectura de control distribuido, basándose en el estándar de comunicaciones Data-Distribution Service for Real-Time Systems (DDS) propuesto por la organización Object Management Group (OMG). Como aportación principal de la tesis se propone el diseño de una arquitectura distribuida de control inteligente que de soporte a la QoS, tanto en la medición por medio de los parámetros, como en la gestión por medio de las políticas de QoS. Las políticas deben permitir la variación de las características de la comunicación en función de los requisitos de control, expresados estos últimos por medio de los parámetros de QoC. A la arquitectura desarrollada se le ha llamado FSACtrl. Para determinar los requisitos de la arquitectura FSACtrl, se han estudiado las revisiones de los autores más relevantes acerca de las características más destacadas de las arquitecturas distribuidas de sistemas de control. A partir de estas características se han diseñado los elementos de la arquitectura FSACtrl. Los elementos que dan soporte a las comunicaciones se han basado en los del estándar DDS de la OMG, mientras que los elementos de control se han basado en el estándar Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) del Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Para la validación de la arquitectura se ha implementado un entorno de diseño y simulación del control. / Poza Luján, JL. (2012). Propuesta de arquitectura distribuida de control inteligente basada en políticas de calidad de servicio [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14674

An important characteristic of Service-Oriented Architectures is that clients do not depend on the service implementation's internal assignment of methods to objects. It is perhaps the most important technical characteristic that differentiates them from more common object-oriented solutions. This characteristic makes clients and services malleable, allowing them to be rearranged at run-time as circumstances change. That improvement in malleability is impaired by requiring clients to direct service requests to particular services. Ideally, the clients are totally oblivious to the service structure, as they are to aspect structure in aspect-oriented software. Removing knowledge of a method implementation's location, whether in object or service, requires re-defining the boundary line between programming language and middleware, making clearer specification of dependence on protocols, and bringing the transaction-like concept of failure scopes into language semantics as well. This paper explores consequences and advantages of a transition from object-request brokering to service-request brokering, including the potential to improve our ability to write more parallel software.