Detective fiction highlights those qualities of masculinity that are most valuable to a contemporary culture. In mysteries a cultural context is more thoroughly revealed than in any other genre of literature. Through the crimes, an audience can understand not only the fears of a particular society but also the level of calumny that society assigns to a crime. As each generation has needed a particular set of qualities in its defense, so the detective has provided them. Through the detective's response to particular crimes, the reader can learn the delineation of forgivable and unforgivable acts. These detectives illustrate positive masculinity, proving that fiction has more uses than mere entertainment. In this paper, I trace four detectives, each from a different era. Sherlock Holmes lives to solve problems. His primary function is to solve a riddle. Lord Peter Wimsey takes on the moral question of why anyone should detect at all. His stories involve the difficulty of justifying putting oneself in the morally superior position of judge. The Mike Hammer stories treat the difficulty of dealing with criminals who use the law to protect themselves. They have perverted the protections of society, and Hammer must find a way to bring them to justice outside of the law. The Kate Martinelli stories focus more on the victims of crime than on the criminals. Martinelli discovers the motivations that draw a criminal toward a specific victim and explains what it is about certain victims that makes villains want to harm them. All of these detectives display the traditional traits of the Western male. They are hunters; they protect society as a whole. Yet each detective fulfills a certain cultural role that speaks to the specific problems of his or her era, proving that masculinity is a more fluid role than many have previously credited.

La crue de 1910 de la Seine a eu une incidence directe sur le fonctionnement des différents réseaux (réseau électrique, assainissement des eaux usées, transport, eau potable). Le réseau RATP a été particulièrement atteint dans son fonctionnement. Les dommages qu’une crue centennale pourrait engendrer aujourd’hui risquent d’être plus importants encore car le réseau actuel est plus vulnérable du fait des nombreux équipements électriques et informatiques qu’il comporte. La majorité des émergences (les entrées d’eau) de la RATP est située en zone inondable. Lors d’une crue majeure de la Seine, les écoulements dus aux inondations se propagent directement dans la partie souterraine et centrale du réseau (Métro et RER) par le biais de ces émergences. Cette thèse s'intéresse à la simulation hydrodynamique des écoulements dans le réseau RATP en utilisant le logiciel MIKE URBAN dédié à la modélisation des réseaux d’assainissement. Cette modélisation nécessite une bonne connaissance de l’origine des écoulements pour mieux les prendre en compte. En effet, le réseau RATP est inondé par les eaux superficielles et les eaux d’infiltration. Afin de mieux quantifier les volumes entrants dans le réseau, un modèle physique d’une bouche de métro type a été réalisé. Les résultats des essais physiques ont permis de valider un modèle numérique qui caractérise les écoulements autour d’une bouche de métro et quantifie les volumes entrants. Cela a permis également de proposer une formule théorique de débit tenant compte de la géométrie d’une bouche de métro. Les écoulements par infiltration sont quant à eux modélisés en fonction de la charge de la nappe et validés avec des mesures in situ. Ce travail de recherche a comme objectif d’améliorer et valider un modèle de simulation. Il s’agit de mettre en œuvre un outil opérationnel d’aide à la décision qui permettra à la cellule inondation de la RATP de bien comprendre le fonctionnement de son réseau afin d’améliorer son plan de protection contre le risque inondation. / The 1910 flood of the Seine had a direct impact on the functioning of the different networks (Electricity network, sewerage, transport, water distribution). The RATP network was particularly affected in its functioning. The damage that centennial flood could cause today may be even greater because the current network is more vulnerable because of the numerous electrical and computer equipment that it comprises. The majority of the emergences (The water ingress) of the RATP is located in flood areas. During a major flooding of the Seine, the flows due to the floods propagate directly into the underground and central part of the network (Metro and RER) through these emergences. This thesis is interested in a hydrodynamic simulation by MIKE URBAN, Model used to model the RATP network due to its MOUSE engine developed by DHI for the sewerage networks. This work also presents the results obtained on a physical model of a subway station. The experimental data were used to model water ingress within the RATP network from the subway station. Network protection against infiltration requires a thorough knowledge of underground flow conditions. Infiltrations through the tunnels are estimated numerically. The aim of this research is to improve and validate a simulation model. It is a question of implementing an operational decision support tool which will allow the flood cell of the RATP to understand the functioning of its network in order to improve its flood risk protection plan.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser les Rejets Urbains par Temps de Pluie (RUTP) et leur flux au niveau des exutoires d’eaux pluviales de trois sous-bassins majeurs de l'agglomération orléanaise. Pour cela des prélèvements ponctuels d’eau ont été effectués et un modèle conceptuel a été utilisé. Les trois sous-bassins : La Corne (463 ha), l'Egoutier (2080 ha) et Ormes (2256 ha) ont des occupations du sol différentes.D’une manière générale, la conductivité, la demande chimique en oxygène (DCO), la demande biochimique en oxygène (DBO5 et la DBO28), le carbone organique dissout (COD), l'azote total(NT), et les concentrations en anions et cations majeurs étaient plus élevés par temps sec que par temps de pluie indiquant un effet de dilution par les précipitations. Il a été mis en évidence un mélange des eaux pluviales avec des eaux usées dans le sous bassin d’Ormes. L’occupation des sols et les activités anthropiques influencent de manière significative la qualité du ruissellement. Par exemple, dans le sous-bassin de l’Egoutier, la présence d’une zone imperméable (industries et habitations) importante (40% de la surface) est responsable d’une augmentation des paramètresDBO5, DBO28, COD et NT.Les flux aux exutoires des différents paramètres de qualité de l’eau ont été évalués et comparés à ceux issus des quatre principales stations d’épuration (STEP) et à ceux de la Loire. La charge destrois sous-bassins urbains représente environ 166,61% de la charge des quatre STEP. Les trois sous bassins ont un faible impact sur la Loire en termes de flux annuels (environ 1,62% pour les MES par temps de pluie).Deux versions d’un modèle conceptuel dit d'accumulation/lavage-transport ont été évaluées pour estimer les flux de ruissellement des polluants ; la version classique et une version modifiée dans laquelle le paramètre accumulation des polluants a une forme logarithmique. Les performances des modèles étaient acceptables pour les MES et la DCO. Les coefficients de corrélation étaient supérieurs à 90% pour le sous bassin de l’Egoutier, par exemple. Pour les éléments traces métalliques en phase particulaire, la corrélation avec l’expérience était bonne également. D’une manière générale, lorsqu'un flux mesuré était inférieur à 1 kg.ha-1, les modèles n’étaient plus applicables.Des premiers essais de simulation de la qualité et la quantité de RUTP ont été effectués à partir de MIKE URBAN, qui équipe les deux logiciels de modélisation MOUSE et SWMM. Les hydrogrammes ont indiqué que le débit maximum obtenu avec SWMM était toujours inférieur à celui obtenu avec MOUSE. La qualité de l’eau (masse de MES) était toujours plus fortement impactée par le lessivage des MES dans le modèle MOUSE que dans SWMM.Ce travail constitue la première étape du travail d'évaluation de RUTP pour l'Agglomération orléanaise. Il constitue une base solide pour un futur programme de surveillance continue. / The objective of this thesis was to characterize urban runoff water at the level of stormwater outletson three major urban sub-basins of the Orléans agglomeration, covering land areas ranging in size from463 to 2257 ha and with contrasted land use. 11 individual rain events were sampled at runoff outletsbetween April 2015 and June 2017 and 10 campaigns were also carried out in dry weather.In general, it was observed that the conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemicaloxygen demand (BOD5 and BOD28), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (NT), anions andmajor cations were found to be higher in dry weather conditions than in rainy weather. These resultsindicate a dilution effect due to precipitation.A mixture of rainwater and wastewater was also identified in the sub-basin of Ormes. Land use andhuman activities in the sub-basin studied were found to significantly influence the quality of the resultedrunoff from rainfall events. For example, in the Egouttier sub-basin 2, the presence of a large imperviouszone (industrial and residential, 40% of the surface area) was responsible for an increase in the parametersBOD5, BOD28, COD and NT.The flows at the outlets of the different water quality parameters were evaluated and compared withthose from the four main wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and those from the Loire. The estimatedloads of the three sub-urban basins accounts for approximately 166.61% of the load of the four WWTP.The three sub-basins have a small impact on the Loire in terms of annual flows (about 1.62% for wetweather case).Two versions of a conceptual model of accumulation / washoff were evaluated to estimate pollutantrunoff; the classical version and a modified version in which the pollutant accumulation parameter has alogarithmic form. The performances of the models were found acceptable for the MES and the COD. TheNash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficients were found as 0.84 and 0.85 for the two versions at the Egouttier subbasin.For trace elements in particulate phase, the correlation with the experimental measured value wasfound good as well. In general, when a measured flow was less than 1 kg.ha-1, the modified model was nolonger applicable.The first simulation tests of the quality and quantity of urban runoff were carried out with MIKEURBAN, which equips both MOUSE and SWMM modeling software. For water quantity, the hydrographsindicated that the maximum flow obtained with SWMM was always lower than that obtained with MOUSE.For water quality, TSS mass was still more strongly impacted by the leaching of TSS in the MOUSE modelthan in the SWMM model.This work can be considered as the first step of the evaluation work of RUTP for the Orléansagglomeration. It provides a solid foundation for a future monitoring program.

Pluvial floods are the most difficult and to date least investigated phenomena in urban hydrology. While efforts are being made to increase the knowledge base concerning this type of flooding, a large part of the difficulty lies in the nature of the precipitation. Convective storms represent most of the larger intensity short term rainfall in urban areas and is also the raintype, that is expected to increase the most in the future. The rain cells of this type have a more distinct boundary, larger intensity, a smaller extent and a shorter life span, than frontal rains. Combined with the low availability of densely spaced rain gauge networks and also low temporal resolution of measurements in 15 minutes intervals at best, makes this rain type still very difficult to analyze and even harder to predict. The resolution of cloud radar images at 2x2km and taken every 15 minutes is too coarse and the error reduction algorithms for radar based precipitation (HIPRAD) images to analysera in patterns are not sufficient by them selves to analyze the characteristics of such rainfields and the processes occurring within these fields. The spatial variation of raincells, their development and decay, the distance between them, and the velocity and direction of their movement can however be investigated employing a combination of densely spaced rain gauges and radar images to reach a more realistic representation of short-term precipitation for the use of in hydraulic models. The movement of rain fields has been investigated with two main areas of focus: The influence of direction or directional bias, often with an interest in the most crucial case referred to as the resonance effect, and in context of areal reduction of point rainfall. Most of these studies have been carried out with statistical methods and in laboratory experiments. In this study a hydraulic model was built on the terrain model of a realcity, a 28 km area in the city of Falun, to test the recently gathered information about the temporal variation of five empirical hyetographs with different peak arrival times and peak intensities, which are representative of Swedish climate. The hyetographs were produced and provided by SMHI. The empirical rain types were derived from 20 years of rain gauge observations and confirmed by radar images. For reference purposes, a standard Chicago design storm (CDS) rain was modeled as well. The simulated scenarios were modeled as a MIKE 21 hydraulic model, as a stationary scenario and in four movement directions. It was foundthat the empirical rain types produced lower inundation depth than the CDS, in a range of 20 to 50 % lower. The effect of modeling rainfall in motion produced on average only about 4-20 % lower water depths than the corresponding non-moving scenario. In a few instances, in a single evaluation point, the moving scenarios resulted in a relative water depth of a maximum of just above 1%. It was concluded that the conceptual approach of areal reduction from movement seems to be accurate and could help improve modeling rainfall in general, and specifically for cloud burst scenarios of shorter durations in urban catchments. It was also found that further investigation of the physical processes in rainfields could serve to increase the accuracy in areal reduction of precipitation for more realistic hydraulic models and in turn reduce over design. / Pluviala översvämningar är den typen, som är både svårast att reda ut och samtidigt den minst utforskade fenomenen inom urban hydrologi. Medan ansträngningar görs för att förbättra kunskapsläget, ligger den största svårigheten i nederbördens skepnad. Det är konvektiva regn som utgör de flesta av de starkare korttids regntillfällen i urbana områden och är också regntypen som förväntas att öka mest i framtiden. Regncellerna har en tydligare avgränsning, en större intensitet, mindre utsträckning, och en kortare livscykel än frontala regn. I kombination med den låga tillgängligheten av regnmätarnätverk med hög täthet i positioneringen av mätare, samt den låga tidsupplösningen av mätningar i intervaller av 15 minuter gör att konvektiva regn fortfarande är svåra att analysera och ännu svårare att förutse. Upplösningen av molnradar bilder av 2x2 km som tas varje 15:de minut är för grova och algoritmer för felreducering av bilder från radarbaserad nederbördsdata (HIPRAD) för analys av regn mönster är inte tillräckligt noggranna, för sig, för att kunna analysera egenskaperna av sådana regnfält och de processerna som karakteriserar dessa. Den spatiala variationen inom regnceller, deras utveckling och förfall, avståndet mellan dem samt riktningen och hastigheten kan ändå undersökas med hjälp av kombinationen av regnmätarnätverk och radar bilder för att uppnå mer realistiska korttids nederbördsscenarier för användning i hydrauliska model. Studier, som har undersökt regn i rörelse har varit fokuserade på två huvudområden: Betydelsen av riktningen, i vilken regnet rör sig, där den största effekten som denna riktningsbias kan uppnå, har döpts resonans effekt och i samband med ytreducering (areal reduction) av punkt nederbörd. De flesta av dessa studier har genomförts med hjälp av statistiska metoder och laboratorieexperiment. I denna studie skapades en hydraulisk modell baserad på en realistisk terräng av ett existerade urbant område, en yta på 28 km i Falun, för att testa den nyligen utvärderade informationen om temporala intensitets fördelningen som representerar det svenska klimatet. Regndatat producerades och tillhandahölls av SMHI och representerar en mätserie från regnmätare över en period av 20 år. Som referens modellerades även ett Chicago regn (CDS). Med hjälp av en MIKE21 hydraulisk modell, simulerades ett stationärt scenario och fyra rörelseriktningar för varje empirisk hyetograf. Resultaten visade att de empiriska regntyperna skapade översvämningar med 20-50% lägre vattendjup än CDS regnet. Att modellera rörelsen resulterade i 4-20% lägre vattennivåer jämfört med respektive stationär scenario. I några enstaka tillfällen, i en av evalueringspunkterna, skapade de rörliga scenarierna större resultat, med lite över 1% i det största fallet. Det drogs slutsatsen att konceptet av areal reduction genom molnrörelse verkar vara korrekt och skulle kunna hjälpa att förbättra sättet att modellera regn generellt, men också specifikt för skyfalls scenarier med korta varaktigheter över urbana avrinningsområden. Man kom ytterligare till slutsatsen att framtida studier i samband med de fysiska processerna i regnceller skulle kunna användas för att höja noggrannheten av ytreducering av nederbörd för mer realistiska hydrauliska modeller, som i sin tur kunde minska överdesign.

Thesis (M. Tech. - (Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology))--Vaal University of Technology, 2010. / During the last few years, concern has been growing among many stakeholders all over the world about declining levels of surface water bodies accompanied by reduced water availability predominantly due to ever increasing demand and misuse. Furthermore, overexploitation of environmental resources and haphazard dumping of waste has made the little water remaining to be so contaminated that a dedicated rehabilitation/remediation of the environment is the only proactive way forward. River Rwizi Catchment is an environment in the focus of this statement. The overall objective of this research was to plan, restore and rationally allocate the water resources in any river basin with similar attributes to the study area. In this research, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) methodology was applied through Watershed/Basin Simulation Models for general river basins. The model chosen and used after subjection to several criteria was DHI Model, MIKE BASIN 2009 Version. It was then appropriately developed through calibration on data from the study catchment, input data formatting and its adaptation to the catchment characteristics. The methodology involved using spatio-temporal demographic and hydrometeorological data. It was established that the model can be used to predict the impact of projects on the already existing enviro-hydrological system while assigning priority to water users and usage as would be deemed necessary, which is a significant procedure in IWRM-based environmental rehabilitation/remediation. The setback was that the available records from the various offices visited had a lot of data gaps that would affect the degree of accuracy of the output. These gaps were appropriately infilled and gave an overall output that was adequate for inferences made therefrom. Several scenarios tested included; use and abstraction for the present river situation, the effect of wet/dry seasons on the resultant water available for use, and proposed projects being constructed on and along the river. Results indicated that the river had insufficient flow to sustain both the current and proposed water users. It was concluded that irrespective of over exploitation, lack of adequate rainfall was not a reason for the low discharge but rather the loss of rainwater as evaporation, storage in swamps/wetlands, and a considerable amount of water recharging groundwater aquifers. Thus, the proposed remedy is to increase the exploitation of the groundwater resource in the area and reduce the number of direct river water users, improve farming methods and conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water - the latter as a dam on River Rwizi. The advantage of the dam is that the water usage can be controlled as necessary in contrast to unregulated direct abstraction, thus reducing the risk of subsequent over-exploitation. / Vaal University of Technology

Μελετάται αριθμητικά η υδροδυναμική κυκλοφορία του Πατραϊκού κόλπου. Σκοπό αποτελεί η κατανόηση της τρισδιάστατης δομής της ροής που προκαλείται υπό διάφορες φυσικές φορτίσεις, δηλαδή τον άνεμο, την παλίρροια και τη στρωμάτωση. Η αριθμητική προσομοίωση γίνεται με τον τρισδιάστατο αριθμητικό κώδικας πεπερασμένων όγκων MIKE 3 FM (HD,TR). Η ανεμογενής κυκλοφορία, κατά τους χειμερινούς μήνες οπότε ο κόλπος σύμφωνα με μετρήσεις είναι ομογενής, παρουσιάζει στοιχεία ροής μεγάλης κλίμακας, με επιρροή από τη δύναμη Coriolis, ανάπτυξη στρώματος Ekman και ισχυρά ρεύματα επιστροφής, λίγα μέτρα κάτω από την ελεύθερη επιφάνεια. Ταυτόχρονα, σε περιοχές όπως η θέση του στενού Ρίου-Αντιρρίου η ροή συμπεριφέρεται περισσότερο ως υδραυλική ροή με ταπείνωση της ελεύθερης επιφάνειας και κατακόρυφο προφίλ ταχύτητας, όμοιο με της τυρβώδους ροής Couette. Στην οριζόντια διεύθυνση, η ροή παρουσιάζει έντονα παράκτια ρεύματα και κλίση της ελεύθερης επιφάνειας. Εκτιμάται ότι ο χρόνος ανανέωσης των υδάτων για τον κόλπο θα κυμαίνεται από ένα μήνα έως μία εβδομάδα, ανάλογα με την ένταση του ανέμου. Φαίνεται ότι στα βαθύτερα στρώματα του Πατραϊκού η ανεμογενής ροή δεν επιδρά σημαντικά στην ανανέωση των υδάτων, τα οποία παραμένουν εγκλωβισμένα και επανακυκλοφορούν μεταξύ των δύο εγκάρσιων ραχών που οριοθετούν την λεκάνη του. Τα παλιρροϊκά ρεύματα, τα οποία είναι σημαντικά στον Πατραϊκό, καθορίζουν την κυκλοφορία των υδάτων στο κύριο σώμα του κόλπου και στο στενό Ρίου-Αντιρρίου, ενώ η ανεμογενής ροή είναι καθοριστική κοντά στις ακτές. Η συνδυασμένη δράση ανέμου και παλίρροιας προκαλεί κυκλωνικούς και αντικυκλωνικούς στροβίλους, πλησίον των βορείων και νοτίων ακτών του Πατραϊκού, η φορά των οποίων υπαγορεύεται αποκλειστικά από τα ισχυρά ανεμογενή παράκτια ρεύματα. Η μελέτη της καλοκαιρινής κυκλοφορίας αναδεικνύει σημαντικές διαφορές, σε σύγκριση με την χειμερινή κυκλοφορία των υδάτων στον Πατραϊκό κόλπο. Τα ανεμογενή ρεύματα είναι αμελητέα από τη ζώνη του θερμοκλινούς και κάτω, για τη μέση ένταση ανέμου, ενώ η ένταση της τύρβης περιορίζεται στο επιλίμνιο. Την καλοκαιρινή περίοδο η δράση νοτιοδυτικού ανέμου συνδέεται με την παρουσία αναβλύσεων στις βορειοδυτικές ακτές του όρμου της Ναυπάκτου και στο μέτωπο της λιμνοθάλασσας του Μεσολογγίου. Αναβλύσεις εντοπίζονται και νοτιοδυτικά του Ρίου, μπροστά από την πόλη των Πατρών, για βορειοανατολικούς ανέμους. Στο στενό Ρίου-Αντιρρίου η δράση του ανέμου, αλλά και η παλίρροια οδηγούν στη γένεση εσωτερικών κυμάτων τα οποία προκαλούν κατακόρυφη κυκλοφορία. Κύριο χαρακτηριστικό της κυκλοφορίας των υδάτων στον Πατραϊκό, την καλοκαιρινή περίοδο, είναι ο ισχυρός κυκλωνικός στρόβιλος που παρατηρείται στο κέντρο του κόλπου αναγκάζοντας τα ύδατα σε περιστροφική κίνηση. Με βάση τις αριθμητικές προσομοιώσεις η ύπαρξη ισχυρού κυκλωνικού στροβίλου συνδέεται αποκλειστικά με την παρουσία βορειοανατολικού ανέμου και συγκεκριμένα στη φάση της πλημμυρίδας. Τέλος, με βάση τις αριθμητικές προσομοιώσεις υπολογίζεται το τρισδιάστατο πεδίο ρευμάτων στην ευρύτερη περιοχή του παλαιού και νέου λιμένα Πατρών, καθώς και η διάχυση και μεταφορά των επεξεργασμένων λυμάτων από τον αγωγό της ΔΕΥΑΠ. / The hydrodynamic circulation in the Gulf of Patras, in Western Greece, is studied using three-dimensional numerical simulations. The simulations are performed using the three-dimensional modeling system MIKE 3 FM (HD/TR). The wind-induced circulation is examined in the natural basin of the Gulf of Patras, in which batotropic flow develops, according to field measurements, during the winter months. The simulations show that the wind-induced flow creates strong currents near the coasts, which determine the sense of rotation of the gyres that develop in the Gulf. Strong currents are also created at the Rio-Antirio straits. The wind-induced, barotropic currents do not seem to contribute to the renewal of bottom waters, which recirculate between the two sills. Depending on the speed of the wind forcing the flow, the residence time of the waters in the Gulf of Patras is estimated to range from one month to one week. The tide-induced circulation is important in the Gulf of Patras. Strong, tidal currents have been simulated to develop at the straits of Rio-Antirrio and in the main body of the Gulf, with cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies developing at the northern and southern coasts, respectively. When there is also wind blowing, nearshore gyres develop, the sense of rotation of which is by the wind direction, while in the central part of the Gulf the flow pattern is dictated by the tidal action. Further, the baroclinic wind and tide-induced circulation are studied to investigate the effect of stratification on the structure of the flow. During the summer period the wind-induced flow and the wind generated turbulence driven by winds of medium strength are restricted to the upper layer of the epilimnion, while the strong winds cause tilt and erosion of the thermocline in the central part of the Gulf and generation of internal waves at the straits of Rio-Antirio. Salient features of the summer circulation are the strong upwellings and the central cyclonic gyre which are predicted using numerical simulations. Upwellings occur along the northwesterly portion of the Nafpaktos bay coasts at the westerly part of the Gulf of Corinth, under southwesterly wind, and to the south of Rio cape at the front of the city of Patras, under northeasterly wind. Concerning with the central cyclonic eddy, according to numerical simulations it develops exclusively during the flood tide under the simultaneous action of northeasterly winds. The numerical predictions were validated against satellite images of the surface temperature field determined by NOAA-6 and NOAA-7 which closely confirm the simulation results. Finally, the simulated barotropic and baroclinic flow fields are applied to the calculation of the currents near the port of Patras and to the advection and diffusion of the treated sewage effluents disposed of near the southeasterly coast of the Gulf, near the city of Patras.

This study was conducted at the mountainous catchment part of Batinah Region of the Sultanate of Oman called Al-Awabi watershed which is about 260km2 in area with about 40 Km long Wadi main channel. The study paper presents a proposed modeling approach and possible scenario analysis which uses 1D - hydraulic modeling for flood routing analysis; and the main tasks of this study work are (1) Model setup for Al-Awabi watershed area, (2) Sensitivity Analysis, and (3) Scenario Analysis on impacts of rainfall characteristics and transmission losses. The model was set for the lower 24 Km long of Al-Awabi main channel (Figure 13). Channel cross-sections were the main input to the 1D-Hydraulic Model used for the analysis of flash flood routing of the Al-Awabi watershed. As field measurements of the Wadi channel cross-sections are labor intensive and expensive activities, availability of measured channel cross-sections is barely found in this study area region of Batinah, Oman; thereby making it difficult to simulate the flood water level and discharge using MIKE 11 HD. Hence, a methodology for extracting the channel cross-sections from ASTER DEM (27mX27m) and Google Earth map were used in this study area. The performance of the model setup was assessed so as to simulate the flash flood routing analysis at different cross-sections of the modeled reach. And from this study, although there were major gap and problems in data as well as in the prevailing topography, slope and other Hydro Dynamic parameters, it was concluded that the 1D-Hydraulic Modelling utilized for flood routing analysis work can be applied for the Al-Awabi watershed. And from the simulated model results, it was observed that the model was sensitive to the type of Boundary Condition chosen and taken, channel cross sections and its roughness coefficient utilized throughout the model reach.

This study investigates the challenges facing screenwriters in Australia who set out to represent the Japanese on screen. The study is presented in two parts; an exegesis and a creative practice component consisting of two full length feature film screenplays. The exegesis explores how certain screenwriting conventions have constrained recent screen images of the Japanese within the bounds of the cliched and stereotypical, and argues for a greater resistance to these conventions in the future. The two screenplays experiment with new ways of representing the Japanese in mainstream Australian film and aim to expand the repertoire of Asian images in the national film culture.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Aug., 2007. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

XAVIER, Larissa Pinheiro. O amor nos tempos do cólera e a tradução do espaço para o contexto do cinema. 2013. 101f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-05-21T11:16:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_lpxavier.pdf: 1676518 bytes, checksum: 4c31160e36daa65741ad6906c97b9fb0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-05-21T12:09:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_lpxavier.pdf: 1676518 bytes, checksum: 4c31160e36daa65741ad6906c97b9fb0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-21T12:09:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_lpxavier.pdf: 1676518 bytes, checksum: 4c31160e36daa65741ad6906c97b9fb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O amor nos tempos do cólera (1995), de Gabriel Garcia Márquez, apresenta traços marcantes do estilo do autor. Suas narrativas têm como características as descrições psicológicas das personagens, as descrições físicas das personagens e dos ambientes, o realismo mágico e a linguagem culta e a coloquial. Além disso, essa obra apresenta a construção de uma representação do espaço latino-americano como uma característica relevante. Este romance foi adaptado para o cinema por Mike Newell, em 2007, com título homônimo. Nesse sentido, trazemos para a discussão a análise da construção do espaço da obra e sua tradução para o cinema, tendo como base os princípios dos Estudos de Tradução e a Transculturação Narrativa. O objetivo principal é analisar a construção do espaço da obra no contexto da literatura e do cinema, considerando aspectos sócio-históricos do processo de criação. Parte-se da ideia de que o filme, mesmo com sua linguagem particular, problematiza questões sobre o espaço da América Latina e consegue dialogar com o universo narrativo do romance de García Márquez. Para isso, realizamos um breve estudo histórico sobre os Estudos de Tradução e sua perspectiva descritiva (TOURY, 1995), para justificar a tradução como fato contextualizado, que leva em consideração o contexto receptor, as decisões do tradutor, ou seja, todo o processo e não só o produto. A pesquisa faz-se descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, que consiste em uma leitura da obra literária e do filme para analisar a construção do espaço no contexto sócio-histórico da América Latina. Como base teórica, utilizamos os conceitos de reescritura, de Lefevere (2007), e os pressupostos da teoria dos polissistemas, de Even-Zohar (1990); ainda, referenciais teóricos no campo da tradução e da adaptação fílmica, com estudos de Brian Mcfarlane (1996), Robert Stam (2008), Umberto Eco (2007), bem como a análise de estudiosos sobre a literatura moderna e estudos sobre transculturação narrativa, como o de Ángel Rama (1975). / El amor en los tiempos del cólera (1995), de Gabriel García Márquez, presenta rasgos notables del estilo del autor. Sus narrativas tienen como características las descripciones psicológicas de los personajes, las descripciones físicas tanto de los personajes como del ambiente, el realismo mágico, el lenguaje culto y el coloquial. Además de eso, esta novela presenta la construcción de una representación del espacio latino-americano como un rasgo relevante. La novela fue adaptada para el cine por Mike Newell, en 2007, con titulación homónima. En este sentido, traemos para la discusión el análisis de la construcción del espacio de la obra y su traducción para el cine, basado en los principios de los Estudios de Traducción y de la Transculturación Narrativa. El objetivo principal es analizar la construcción del espacio de la obra en el contexto de la literatura y del cine, considerando los aspectos socio-históricos del proceso de creación. Se parte de la idea de que la película, mismo con un lenguaje particular, problematiza cuestiones sobre el espacio de América Latina, y consigue dialogar con el universo narrativo de la novela de García Márquez. Para eso, realizamos un breve estudio histórico sobre los Estudios de Traducción y sus perspectivas descriptivas (Toury, 1995), para justificar la traducción como hecho contextualizado, que tiene en cuenta el contexto receptor, las decisiones del traductor, es decir, todo el proceso, y no sólo el producto. La pesquisa se hace descriptiva, con abordaje cualitativa, que consiste en una lectura acerca de la obra literaria y de la película para analizar la construcción del espacio en el contexto socio-histórico latino-americana. Como base teórica, utilizamos los conceptos de re-escritura, de Lefevere (2007) y los presupuestos de la teoría de los polisistemas, de Even-Zohar (1990); además de referenciales teóricos en el campo de la traducción y de la adaptación cinematográfica, con estudios de Brian Mcfarlane (1996), Robert Stam (2008), Umberto Eco (2007); y del análisis de estudiosos sobre literatura moderna y estudios sobre transculturación narrativa, como el de Ángel Rama (1975).