The objective of this study was to improve the operation of the classical semiautogenous and ball milling circuit also known as the SABC circuit. In order to achieve this goal, the challenges around this circuit were identified as the formation of critical sized material in a SAG mill. The size class considered for the critical sized material also known as pebbles was -100+23 mm. The attainable region (AR) method was used as an optimisation technique for the generated results using a computer simulation programme. MODSIM® demo version 3.6.22 is ore processing simulator that was used. The research was divided into two sections, the first being the variation of feed flow rate ranging from 50 – 150 tph and ore feed size ranging between 100 and 600 mm. The second section compared the variation of the operating parameters of the SAG mill, which were mill filling, ball filling, ball size and mill speed. The AR technique graphically presented the results which indicated the best operating conditions to minimise pebble formation. The effects of mill filling on a SAG mill indicate that a higher filling produces lower pebbles. Lower pebble generation also was observed at a higher ball filling. The influence of ball size indicated that the larger ball size was more effective in the reduction of pebbles. For mill speed the media displayed two common mode operations namely cascading at a low speed of 65% and cataracting at higher speed of 75%. The higher speed generated the least pebbles. / College of Engineering, Science and Technology / M. Tech. (Chemical Engineering)

The theoretical part of the diploma thesis summarizes a knowledge of the force loading of the cutting tools and state of the art in the cutting force measurement. In the experimental part, work deals with the development of the software for a force records analysis. The main objective of the software is to automatise the processing and analysis of the measured force records. The functionality of the newly created software was verified by evaluating the circle-segment end mills experiments performed at the Institute of Manufacturing Technology of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, BUT.

The aim of this work is comparison of special form tools for manufacture of grooves in rotor turbine. For this purpose tools are chosen from „A“ and „B“ company. Form milling cutters are confronted both in terms of their characteristic features, manufacturing methods, and time and economy intensity. Furthermore, there is described a possible future way of grooves‘ production through the use of the „C“ ‘s programme. Apart from that, this thesis also involves simple programme for comparing the chosen parameters.

This essay is a critical textual analysis of the poetry of Robert Lowell with focus on religious symbolism used in his work, and the Catholic theology which informed it. This results in a new, contrasting interpretation to the conventional view that he had abandoned his religious focus by mid-career, while accounting for his own assessment that he had not. Insights gained through this analysis, combined with those relating to Lowell’s personal history, reframe his confessional poetry while bolstering this claim.  Through this study, poems selected from Lord Weary’s Castle, The Mills of the Kavanaughs, Life Studies and For the Union Dead are reinterpreted in order to explore the consequences of what Lowell could have intended with this stylistic modification, and discover the religiosity that he claimed was hidden. Lowell’s confessional poetry up until 1964 is examined and recast as the anguished wails of a Catholic soul in Purgatory. This fresh approach to one of America’s finest twentieth-century poets provides a novel foundation for the reinterpretation of the entirety of Lowell’s professional oeuvre.

Inspired by problems in gauge field theory, this thesis is concerned with various aspects of infinite-dimensional differential geometry. In the first part, a local normal form theorem for smooth equivariant maps between tame Fréchet manifolds is established. Moreover, an elliptic version of this theorem is obtained. The proof these normal form results is inspired by the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction for dynamical systems and by the Kuranishi method for moduli spaces, and uses a slice theorem for Fréchet manifolds as the main technical tool. As a consequence of this equivariant normal form theorem, the abstract moduli space obtained by factorizing a level set of the equivariant map with respect to the group action carries the structure of a Kuranishi space, i.e., such moduli spaces are locally modeled on the quotient by a compact group of the zero set of a smooth map. In the second part of the thesis, the theory of singular symplectic reduction is developed in the infinite-dimensional Fréchet setting. By refining the above construction, a normal form for momentum maps similar to the classical Marle–Guillemin–Sternberg normal form is established. Analogous to the reasoning in finite dimensions, this normal form result is then used to show that the reduced phase space decomposes into smooth manifolds each carrying a natural symplectic structure. Finally,the singular symplectic reduction scheme is further investigated in the situation where the original phase space is an infinite-dimensional cotangent bundle. The fibered structure of the cotangent bundle yields a refinement of the usual orbit-momentum type strata into so-called seams. Using a suitable normal form theorem, it is shown that these seams are manifolds. Taking the harmonic oscillator as an example, the influence of the singular seams on dynamics is illustrated. The general results stated above are applied to various gauge theory models. The moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections in four dimensions and of Yang–Mills connections in two dimensions is studied. Moreover, the stratified structure of the reduced phase space of the Yang–Mills–Higgs theory is investigated in a Hamiltonian formulation after a (3 + 1)-splitting.

<div>The two main results in this thesis have a common point: Hermitian--Yang--Mills (HYM) metrics. In the first result, we address a Dirichlet problem for the HYM equations in bundles of infinite rank over Riemann surfaces. The solvability has been known since the work of Donaldson \cite{Donaldson92} and Coifman--Semmes \cite{CoifmanSemmes93}, but only for bundles of finite rank. So the novelty of our first result is to show how to deal with infinite rank bundles. The key is an a priori estimate obtained from special feature of the HYM equation.</div><div> </div><div> In the second result, we take on the topic of the so-called ``geometric quantization." This is a vast subject. In one of its instances the aim is to approximate the space of K\"ahler potentials by a sequence of finite dimensional spaces. The approximation of a point or a geodesic in the space of K\"ahler potentials is well-known, and it has many applications in K\"ahler geometry. Our second result concerns the approximation of a Wess--Zumino--Witten type equation in the space of K\"ahler potentials via HYM equations, and it is an extension of the point/geodesic approximation. </div><div> </div>

Secondary hardwood products manufacturers have been placing heavy emphasis on lumber yield improvements in recent years. More attention has been on lumber grade and cutting technology rather than cutting bill design. However, understanding the underlying physical phenomena of cutting bill requirements and yield is essential to improve lumber yield in rough mills. This understanding could also be helpful in constructing a novel lumber yield estimation model. The purpose of this study was to advance the understanding of the phenomena relating cutting bill requirements and yield. The scientific knowledge gained was used to describe and quantify the effect of part length, width, and quantity on yield. Based on this knowledge, a statistics based approach to the lumber yield estimation problem was undertaken. Rip-first rough mill simulation techniques and statistical methods were used to attain the study's goals. To facilitate the statistical analysis of the relationship of cutting bill requirements and lumber yield, a theoretical concept, called cutting bill part groups, was developed. Part groups are a standardized way to describe cutting bill requirements. All parts required by a cutting bill are clustered within 20 individual groups according to their size. Each group's midpoint is the representative part size for all parts falling within an individual group. These groups are made such that the error from clustering is minimized. This concept allowed a decrease in the number of possible factors to account for in the analysis of the cutting bill requirements - lumber yield relationship. Validation of the concept revealed that the average error due to clustering parts is 1.82 percent absolute yield. An orthogonal, 220-11 fractional factorial design of resolution V was then used to determine the contribution of different part sizes to lumber yield. All 20 part sizes and 113 of a total of 190 unique secondary interactions were found to be significant (a = 0.05) in explaining the variability in yield observed. Parameter estimates of the part sizes and the secondary interactions were then used to specify the average yield contribution of each variable. Parts with size 17.50 inches in length and 2.50 inches in width were found to contribute the most to higher yield. The positive effect on yield due to parts smaller than 17.50 by 2.50 inches is less pronounced because their quantity is relatively small in an average cutting bill. Parts with size 72.50 by 4.25 inches, on the other hand, had the most negative influence on high yield. However, as further analysis showed, not only the individual parts required by a cutting bill, but also their interaction determines yield. By adding a sufficiently large number of smaller parts to a cutting bill that requires large parts to be cut, high levels of yield can be achieved. A novel yield estimation model using linear least squares techniques was derived based on the data from the fractional factorial design. This model estimates expected yield based on part quantities required by a standardized cutting bill. The final model contained all 20 part groups and their 190 unique secondary interactions. The adjusted R2 for this model was found to be 0.94. The model estimated 450 of the 512 standardized cutting bills used for its derivation to within one percent absolute yield. Standardized cutting bills, whose yield level differs by more than two percent can thus be classified correctly in 88 percent of the cases. Standardized cutting bills whose part quantities were tested beyond the established framework, i.e. the settings used for the data derivation, were estimated with an average error of 2.19 percent absolute yield. Despite the error observed, the model ranked the cutting bills as to their yield level quite accurately. However, cutting bills from actual rough mill operations, which were well beyond the framework of the model, were found to have an average estimation error of 7.62 percent. Nonetheless, the model classified four out of five cutting bills correctly as to their ranking of the yield level achieved. The least squares estimation model thus is a helpful tool in ranking cutting bills for their expected yield level. Overall, the model performs well for standardized cutting bills, but more work is needed to make the model generally applicable for cutting bills whose requirements are beyond the framework established in this study. / Ph. D.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20904号 / 理博第4356号 / 新制||理||1625(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉本 茂樹, 教授 川合 光, 准教授 國友 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The recent and rapid growth of horizontal drilling in the Anadarko basin necessitates newer studies to characterize reservoir and source rock quality in the region. Most oil production in the basin comes from the Granite Wash reservoirs, which are composed of stacked tight sandstones and conglomerates that range from Virgillian (305-299 Ma) to Atokan (311-309.4 Ma) in age. By utilizing geophysical well logging data available in raster format, the Granite Wash reservoirs and their respective marine flooding surfaces were stratigraphically mapped across the regional fault systems. Additionally, well log trends were calibrated with coincident core data to minimize uncertainty regarding facies variability and lateral continuity of these intervals. In this thesis, inferred lithofacies were grouped into medium submarine fan lobe, distal fan lobe, and offshore facies (the interpreted depositional environments). By creating isopach and net sand maps in Petra, faulting in the Missourian was determined to have occurred syndepositionally at the fifth order scale of stratigraphic hierarchy.

[EN] Heterogeneous catalysis is one of the most important tools in the advancement of green chemistry, understood it as one that efficiently uses (preferably renewable) raw materials, eliminate waste and avoids the use of toxic and/or dangerous reagents and solvents in chemicals production and application. In this thesis we have investigated the reaction mechanisms and the nature of the active centers in C-C, C-N and N-N bond forming reactions over cerium oxide and over gold nanoparticles supported on cerium oxide heterogeneous catalysts. As C-C bond formation reaction, we had been studied Sonogashira reaction catalyzed by a heterogeneous Au/CeO2 catalyst, wherein the CeO2 nanoparticle is about 5 nm in diameter. The second part of the thesis comprises the study of C-N bonds formation during carbamoylation reaction between diaminotoluene and dimethyl carbonate, catalyzed by cerium oxide, studying the effect over the reaction of the crystal planes available for reactants adsorption. In a third part, the N-N bond formation in the reductive coupling reaction of nitrocompounds to obtain azocompounds was studied, using Au/CeO2 as heterogeneous catalyst. Also in this section we report, by first time, an active and selective heterogeneous catalyst for the Mills reaction between nitroso compounds and anilines to obtain symmetric and asymmetric azocompounds. / [ES] La catálisis heterogénea es una de las más importantes herramientas para el desarrollo de la Química Sostenible, entendida como aquella que utiliza eficientemente las materias primas (preferiblemente renovables), elimina los desechos y evita el uso de reactivos y solventes tóxicos y/o peligrosos en la manufactura y aplicación de los productos químicos. En esta tesis doctoral se han investigado los mecanismos de reacción y la naturaleza de los centros activos, en reacciones de formación de enlaces C-C, C-N, y N-N sobre catalizadores heterogéneos de óxido de cerio y de nanopartículas de oro soportadas en óxido de cerio. Como reacción de formación de enlaces C-C se ha estudiado la reacción de Sonogashira catalizada con un catalizador heterogéneo de Au/CeO2, en donde el CeO2 está en forma de nanopartículas de cerca de 5nm de diámetro. En la segunda parte de la tesis se profundiza en el estudio de la formación de enlaces C-N durante la reacción de carbamoilación del diaminotolueno con dimetilcarbonato catalizada por el óxido de cerio, estudiando el efecto que tiene sobre la reacción la naturaleza de los planos cristalinos disponibles para la adsorción de los reactivos. En una tercera parte se estudia la formación de enlaces N-N en la reacción de acoplamiento reductivo de nitrocompuestos para obtener azocompuestos en presencia de un catalizador heterogéneo de Au/CeO2. Es este mismo apartado se reporta por primera vez un catalizador heterogéneo de alta actividad y selectividad para la Reacción de Mills entre un nitrosocompuesto y una anilina para obtener azocompuestos simétricos y asimétricos. / [CA] La catàlisi heterogènia és una de les ferramentes més importants per al desenvolupament de la Química Sostenible, entesa com aquella que utilitza eficientment les matèries pimes (preferiblement renovables), elimina els rebutjos i evita l'ús de reactius i dissolvents tòxics i/o perillosos en la manufactura i aplicació dels productes químics. En esta tesi doctoral s'han investigat els mecanismes de reacció i la natura dels centres actius, en reaccions de formació d'enllaços C-C, C-N i N-N sobre catalitzadors heterogenis d'òxid de ceri i nanopartícules d'or suportades en òxid de ceri. Com reacció de formació d'enllaços C-C s'ha estudiat la reacció de Sonogashira catalitzada amb un catalitzador heterogeni d'Au/CeO2, on el CeO2 està en forma de nanopartícules amb un diàmetre proper als 5nm. En la segona part de la tesi s'aprofundeix en l'estudi de la formació d'enllaços C-N durant la reacció de carbamilació del diaminotoluè amb dimetilcarbonat catalitzada per l'òxid de ceri, estudiant l'efecte que té sobre la reacció la natura dels plans cristal·lins disponibles per a l'adsorció dels reactius. En una tercera part s'estudia la formació d'enllaços N-N en la reacció d'acoblament reductiu de nitrocompostos per a obtenir azocompostos en presència d'un catalitzador heterogeni d'Au/CeO2. En aquest mateix apartat es reporta per primera vegada un catalitzador heterogeni d'alta activitat i selectivitat per a la Reacció de Mills entre un nitrocompost i una anilina per a obtenir azocompostos simètrics i asimètrics. / Cómbita Merchán, DF. (2016). Formación de enlaces C-C, C-N y N-N con catalizadores de óxido de cerio y de oro/óxido de cerio [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62780