Eating disorders are debilitating psychiatric conditions which often result in severe impairment in many life domains. The sociocultural model specifies mechanisms through which sociocultural pressure leads to eating pathology among young women (Stice, 1994) and posits that exposure to the Western cultural thin ideal, internalization of the ideal and experience of a difference between self and ideal leads to body dissatisfaction, which is a well validated precursor to eating pathology. The current research examined whether the relationships between awareness of Western appearance ideals, internalization of such ideals, and body dissatisfaction were moderated by family food-related experiences and self-compassion. The current paper also investigated whether the strength of relationships between awareness of Western appearance ideals, internalization of such ideals, and body dissatisfaction are affected by certain types of family food-related experiences. Female university students (N = 106) completed self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that mindfulness, a constituent of self-compassion, moderated the relationship between internalization of cultural thinness standards and body dissatisfaction. In addition, self-compassion, each component of self-compassion and women’s perception of negative maternal family food-related experiences predicted internalization of Western societal norms of thinness, as well as body dissatisfaction. Moreover, women’s perception of negative paternal family food-related experiences predicted body dissatisfaction. Women’s perception of negative maternal commentary predicted internalization of Western beauty standards and body dissatisfaction. Finally, women’s perception of negative paternal commentary and paternal modelling of eating difficulties and body image concerns predicted internalization of those values. Future research should attempt to clarify causal relationships among self-compassion and family food-related experiences within the sociocultural model of eating disorders.

La spectroscopie du proton issu de la décroissance du neutron donne un accès complémentaire à lambda (rapport des constantes de couplage faibles gA/gV) et permet la recherche de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard. Au sein des expériences, les protons de basse-énergie (E<751.4 eV) sont guidés et sélectionnés grâce à des champs électromagnétiques. La connaissance précise du potentiel électrostatique est primordiale car celui-ci peut biaiser la sélection des protons. Il faut une précision de quelques mV dans les expériences de spectroscopie du proton aSPECT et PERC pour leur permettre d’atteindre la précision de mesure désirée. Comme les conditions expérimentales impactent le champ (effets de température sur la position des électrodes et leur fonction de travail, condition de surface, pièges qui se chargent etc.), il est nécessaire de pouvoir effectuer la mesure du champ électrostatique in-situ. D’autres effets systématiques sont reliés à la détection de protons: résolution du détecteur, homogénéité, probabilité de rétrodiffusion etc. in-situ.Les objectifs de ce projet sont de créer des sources de calibration pour des mesures électrostatiques in-situ et la caractérisation de détecteurs de protons et de construire une chambre d’essai dédiée à la caractérisation et l’optimisation des sources.Pour les mesures électrostatiques, la modération des positrons a été identifiée comme prometteuse. Ce processus crée un faisceau de particules chargées positivement avec une largeur spectrale très faible (FWHM de quelques dizaines de meV) et avec une distribution angulaire bien définie. Un tel faisceau pourrait permettre de comparer, au sein du spectromètre, les différences de potentiels entre des électrodes.Pour la caractérisation des détecteurs, les sources de protons disponibles sur le marché sont difficiles à coupler aux forts champs magnétiques et induisent souvent une détérioration de la qualité du vide dans les expériences, rendant ardue l’utilisation d’un détecteur sous haute tension (entre -15 et -30 kV). La Désorption Stimulée par Electrons (ESD) de l’hydrogène adsorbé sur la surface d’un cristal s’avère posséder les qualités requises: une distribution en énergie piquée et bien définie et une compatibilité avec l’ultravide.Le spectromètre aSPECTino a été créé en tant que système de test. C’est un filtre MAC-E qui utilise des champs EM pour guider et sélectionner les particules chargées de basse énergie avant de les détecter à l’aide d’un détecteur sous haute tension pour accélérer les particules sélectionnées. Dans le spectromètre règne un champ magnétique entre 3.5 et 16 mT qui est suffisant pour confiner les positrons de basse-énergie. Les protons de basse-énergie avec un faible moment radial peuvent aussi être guidés vers le détecteur.CALIPSO, qui signifie CALIbration Positron/proton SOurce, est une source de calibration deux en un : elle peut fournir indépendamment des positrons et des protons et est basée autour d’un cristal de tungstène (110). Pour la source de positrons ce cristal est couplé à une source de positron 22Na. Il sert alors de modérateur et réémet une fraction des positrons primaires issus de la source 22Na avec une faible énergie et une distribution angulaire et spectrale étroite. Dans la configuration proton le même cristal est utilisé en tant que substrat pour l’adsortion d’hydrogène. L’ESD est induit par les électrons émis par une source thermoionique et frappants le cristal de tungstène.Cette thèse présente les processus physiques utilisés pour créer les faisceaux de positrons et de protons de basse-énergie de CALIPSO ainsi que la conception et le développement du spectromètre aSPECTino et de la source CALIPSO. Elle présente les premiers résultats expérimentaux de la caractérisation préliminaire d’aSPECTino et de CALIPSO. Les performances attendues de CALIPSO pour ses deux configurations et pour la sensibilité de comparaison des potentiels d’électrodes sont dérivés et démontrés à l’aide de simulations. / Proton spectroscopy in neutron beta decay gives a complementary access to $lambda$ (ratio of the weak coupling constants gA/gV and enables new searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. In experiment, low-energy protons (E< 751.4 eV) are usually guided and selected using electromagnetic fields. Precise knowledge of the electrostatic potentials is mandatory as it can drastically bias proton selection. For instance, electrostatic potentials have to be known with an accuracy of a few mV in the proton spectroscopy instruments aSPECT and PERC in order to reach their aspired precision. As experimental conditions can directly impact the field (temperature effects on electrode position and work function, surface conditions, charging traps, etc.), it is mandatory that electrostatic measurements are performed in-situ. Further systematic effects are related to proton detection. In addition to prior off-line detector characterization, it is important to verify detector resolution, homogeneity, backscattering probability etc. in-situ. The protons from neutron decay itself are not suitable for this purpose because of their broad energy distribution and insufficient localization.The goals of this project were to create calibration sources for in-situ electrostatic measurements and proton detector characterizations and to build a dedicated test setup to characterize and optimize the sources.For electrostatic measurements, the process of positron moderation was identified as most promising. Positron moderation creates a beam of positively charged particles with a very narrow energy spread (FWHM of a few tens of meV) and with a well-defined emission angular distribution. Such a beam would allow to directly compare, inside the spectrometer, potential differences between different electrodes.For detector characterization, available commercial proton sources are difficult to couple to high magnetic fields and often induce a deterioration of the vacuum quality in experiments, making it complicated to use detection systems at high voltage (-15 to -30 kV). Electron Stimulated Desorption (ESD) of hydrogen adsorbed on a crystal surface was found to provide the desired properties: a sharp and well-defined energy distribution of the created proton beam and compatibility with ultrahigh vacuum.The aSPECTino spectrometer was built as test setup. It is a MAC-E filter which uses electro-magnetic fields to guide and select low-energy charged particles before detecting them in a solid-state detector. The detector is set at high voltage to post-accelerate the selected particles. The resistive coils of the spectrometer produce a magnetic field between 3.5 and 16 mT which is sufficient to confine low-energy positrons. Low-energy protons with a small radial momentum component can also be effectively guided onto the detector.CALIPSO, which stands for CALIbration Positron/proton SOurce, is a two-in-one calibration source: one apparatus is designed to provide, not at the same time, both positrons and protons. Its core is a tungsten (110) crystal. In the case of positrons the tungsten crystal is coupled to a 22Na positron source. The crystal serves as positron moderator and re-emits a fraction of the primary positrons from the Na source, with low energy and a small angular and energy spread. In the proton configuration the same crystal is used as substrate for adsorbed hydrogen. ESD is induced by electrons emitted from a hot cathode and hitting the tungsten crystal.This thesis introduces the physical processes used to create the low-energy positron and proton beams of CALIPSO as well as the design and the development of both the aSPECTino spectrometer and the CALIPSO source. It presents first experimental results of the preliminary characterizations of aSPECTino and CALIPSO. The expected performances of CALIPSO in both configurations and the sensitivity for comparisons of electrode potentials are derived and demonstrated by simulations.

En vue de permettre l'incinération des déchets nucléaires à vie longue, les réacteurs sous-critiques pilotés par accélérateur, plus communément dénommés ADS (Accelerator Driven System), sont l'une des solutions envisagées. Afin de permettre le monitorage de la puissance et donc le pilotage de tels systèmes, de multiples méthodes d'extraction de la réactivité ont été développées pendant les soixante dernières années. La méthode « kprompt », dernière en date, a démontré de multiples avantages et avait donné d'excellents résultats lors de l'expérience MUSE-4 dans le début des années 2000. Cette méthode, reposant sur la détermination de la distribution du temps de vie de fission intergénération, ne nécessite pas l'accès à la configuration critique pour la calibration (comme dans la méthode MSM) mais également l'investigation des taux de comptage sur de longs temps (comme dans la méthode des Aires). Sa robustesse, vis-à-vis de plusieurs facteurs physico-chimico-géométriques, a été éprouvée et confirmée pour le cas de l'expérience GUINEVERE. Par comparaison des résultats obtenus avec les méthodes usuelles de détermination de la réactivité, nous avons réussi à appliquer la méthode « kprompt » de façon satisfaisante aux différentes expériences dynamiques que sont les PNS et les Beam Trips. Finalement, suite à cette transposition de la méthode « kprompt » avec succès à l'expérience GUINEVERE, l'étape suivante consistera en son application au démonstrateur de puissance que sera le projet MYRRHA. / In order to allow the incineration of the long-lived nuclear wastes, the sub-critical reactors, more commonly named ADS (Accelerator Driven System), is one of the proposed solutions. To allow the monitoring of the power and therefore the control of such systems, several methods, developed during the last sixty years, give the reactivity. The last in date method, called « kprompt » method, has demonstrated many advantages and gave excellent results during the MUSE-4 experiment in the early 2000s. This method, based on the determination of the intergeneration fission lifetime distribution, does not require the access to the critical configuration for calibration (as for the MSM method) and the investigation of the counting rate on long times (as for the Area method). Its robustness, regarding several physical-chemical-geometrical factors, was tested and confirmed in the case of the GUINEVERE experience. By comparing the results obtained with the usual methods of reactivity determination, we applied adequately the « kprompt » method to the different dynamical experiments, the so-called PNS and Beam Trips. Finally, following the successfully transposition of the « kprompt » method to the GUINEVERE experience, the next step, in its application, will be to the power demonstrator MYRRHA.

In this work, which deals with problematics of releases from nuclear power plants, I tried to make an overview of various types of nuclear power plants and radioizotopes which are released through liquid and gasseous effluents. As a part of this comparison evaluation of czech and world nuclear power plants gaseous and liquid releases was made. Introductory part of this work contains information about different types of nuclear power plants and radioizotopes, which are produced in their reactors. It continues with today{\crq}s legislative and information about releasing levels and methods and systems used for measurement of radioactive gaseous and liquid effluents from nuclear power plants. Second part of this work describes the aim of this work and hypothesis. Third part explains the methods, which were used for completing of this work. Fourth part contains results in the form of tables and graphs. Fifth part represents discussion of the results. Last part is a summarization of the results.

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Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit untersuchte die Expeditionskonzerte des Philharmonischen Orchesters Erfurt - eine Konzertreihe mit Moderation für Jung und Alt. Ziel war es, die musikvermittelnden Gestaltungselemente sowie die konzertdramaturgischen, strukturellen und organisatorischen Grundlagen der Konzertreihe zu erforschen und Schlussfolgerungen für den Erfolg der Konzertreihe abzuleiten. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten der Weiterentwicklung der Konzertreihe thematisiert. Basis der Forschungsarbeit sind drei explorative Interviews, die teilnehmende Feldbeobachtung sowie die quantitative Analyse. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die These: Durch die Nutzung vielfältiger musikvermittelnder Gestaltungselemente, konzertdramaturgischer Merkmale und Marketing-Instrumente ist das Expeditionskonzert ein Konzertformat, das neue Impulse aussendet und damit ein heterogenes Publikum fasziniert, dass sich sowohl aus angestammten Konzertbesuchern als auch aus Nicht-Konzertbesuchern und insbesondere jungen Zuschauern zusammensetzt.

<p>Driven by various benefits, such as authenticity, enjoyment, sustainability, socialization, and uniqueness, peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation has become an increasingly important socio-economic phenomenon. To study this emerging hospitality consumption format systematically and to enhance the understanding of consumers’ motivations, perceptions, and behavioral intentions in the P2P accommodation context, three projects were proposed and completed in this dissertation. These focused on the mechanisms underlying consumers’ perceptions and participation in the world of P2P accommodation. Project I provided a comprehensive overview of how diverse motivators can influence consumers’ satisfaction and loyalty toward P2P accommodation services, following the push and pull theoretical framework. By conducting a meta analysis, Project I revealed that improving push motivators (i.e., psychological and intrinsic motivators) is more important than pull motivators (i.e., cognitive and extrinsic motivators) in enhancing consumers’ satisfaction, re-patronage intentions, and the spreading of positive word-of-mouth interactions. Next, by employing the dual-process theory, Project II comprised a series of three studies to investigate how various types of online reviews (i.e., fact-based versus emotion-based; property-focused versus host-focused) can affect consumers’ consumption decisions pertaining to P2P accommodation. The findings revealed that fact-based reviews result in higher booking intentions due to enhanced trust in the P2P property/host. Moreover, it was found that female consumers exhibit higher booking intentions when they read host-focused reviews. Finally, drawing on the norm activation theory, Project III comprised an investigation into how consumers’ altruistic value versus egoistic value orientations impacted their consumption intentions of sustainable P2P accommodation. Furthermore, by employing both survey and experimental design studies, the underlying mechanism explaining the impacts of various consumption value orientations on behavioral intentions was explored, focusing on booking intentions and willingness-to-pay-more for sustainable green P2P accommodation. Bringing these findings together, this dissertation provides theoretical and practical implications from various perspectives with regard to how consumers’ motivators and perceptions lead to their participation in the P2P accommodation world.</p>

The research project empirically assesses the influence of an under-researched aspect of social capital on the family firm’s entrepreneurial behaviors. Specifically, blending social capital, which consists of bonding social capital and bridging social capital that develops between family firms and external family stakeholders, is considered in examining the family firm’s engagement in innovation efforts. Additionally, familial tie strength and outside business ownership of external family stakeholders are argued to moderate the proposed relationship between blending social capital and family firm innovation. The surveying methods for assessing the hypothesized relationships included conducting a two-wave study with adapted, modified, and validated scales. Also, some variables were collected using the Mississippi Secretary of State, the U.S. Copyright Office, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey databases. The theoretical model is analyzed using hierarchical regression and moderated regression using IBM SPSS 28 Process Macro (Hayes, 2021), structural equation modeling with AMOS, and scale development techniques to ensure the validity and reliability of the measurement instruments. The goal is to identify potential antecedents for enhancing the innovation capabilities of family firms.

Utah and the majority of states have adopted mandatory standards for visual arts, yet no accountability measures have been established. Consequently, it is impossible to determine if standards are being addressed in the art classroom and aggregate grades are subjective. Queensland, Australia instituted a system of moderated school-based assessment (moderation) in 1971, whereby assessment is accomplished locally, then verified by peer experts. Queensland ensures that standards are addressed in curricula and assessment and that exit grades are reliable and comparable. Research has shown that Utah and Queensland share comparable visual arts standards and similar demographics. Queensland moderation has been extensively studied for solutions to Utah and U.S. accountability problems. Queensland teachers submit curricula, assessment tasks, and assessed student work to the Queensland Studies Authority (QSA), which is responsible for moderation. QSA suggests modifications where appropriate, thus ensuring accuracy. Schools are then compared according to group performance on a standardized core skills test and aggregate grades are scaled, resulting in student rankings. Research has revealed that Queensland visual arts teachers widely approve of moderation. Accountability validates good teaching and promotes diligence. Teachers also appreciate QSA curriculum and assessment guidelines. Because these are regulated, QSA has been able to promote progressive directives effectively, including integrated authentic assessment and student-directed conceptual approaches to art. Queensland has constantly striven for improvement through research and teacher feedback. Consequently, Queensland is considered a global leader in school-based assessment. Art education literature implies that accountability for visual arts education is inevitable. Arts educators strongly oppose traditional external testing. Moderation is the proven alternative to traditional testing. While other models of moderation exist, the QSA model is similar in theory to the predominant Utah and U.S. philosophy of standards-based assessment. At the same time, the QSA model offers flexible options that allow emerging theories to be embraced. The research, then, suggests that Utah and other states should consider implementing versions of moderated school-based assessment based on the success of QSA. The thesis concludes with recommendations for the U.S., and a practical curriculum guide that embraces curriculum and assessment merits of Queensland visual arts education.

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