This longitudinal study investigated the potential moderating effects of attachment on negative marital interaction and positive child outcomes, specifically school engagement and child self-regulation. Waves I and II of data were drawn from the Flourishing Families Project; participants were 296 two parent families (fathers, mothers and children ages 10-13). Both observational and questionnaire data were used in data collection. Negative marital interaction was assessed using observational codes from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. All three family members' perceptions were used in assessing parent/child attachment and the potential positive child outcomes of school engagement and child self-regulation. As negative marital interaction increased, both school engagement and the child's self-regulation decreased. Only mother's attachment with child was a statistically significant moderating variable for the relationship between negative marital interaction and the child's school engagement. Gender effects showed that girls were more engaged in school and more self-regulated than boys. Implications for family therapy interventions with problems of child school engagement and self-regulation are explored.

In spite of the prevalence and strategic importance of diversification for US hospitality firms, research on the effects of diversification has been insufficient in the hospitality literature. Especially, examination of the moderating effect of product or brand diversification on the relationship between geographic diversification and performance of US hospitality firms has been lacking in the hospitality field thus far. This study aims to investigate the effect of each diversification strategy on firm performance for US casino, restaurant, and lodging industries. Further, to investigate effects of diversification comprehensively by incorporating interactions between different diversification strategies, this study attempts to examine the moderating effect of product diversification on the relationship between geographic diversification and performance of US casino firms, and the moderating effect of brand diversification on the relationship between geographic diversification and performance of US restaurant and lodging firms. To accomplish study purposes, this study employs fixed effects and fixed effects instrumental variable regressions analyses, which strictly address the endogeneity problem, thereby enhancing causality between diversification and firm performance. The sample of this study consists of 336 observations of 43 casino firms, 176 observations of 36 lodging firms, and 952 observations of 132 restaurant firms over the period 1993-2010. The study's results indicate a positive and significant effect of geographic diversification on firm performance in the US casino and lodging industry, but an insignificant effect of geographic diversification in the US restaurant industry. For the effect of product and brand diversification, the study's analyses show no significant effect of product diversification on firm performance in the US casino industry, a negative and significant effect of brand diversification in the US restaurant industry, and an insignificant effect of brand diversification in the US lodging industry. Regarding moderating effects, while this study finds an insignificant moderating effect of product diversification on the relationship between geographic diversification and firm performance in the US casino industry, the analyses show a negative and significant moderating effect of brand diversification in the US restaurant industry and a positive and significant moderating effect of brand diversification in the US lodging industry. Findings of this study recommend more prudent decision-making for diversification strategies for US casino firms, brand concentration strategies for US restaurant firms, and acceleration of both geographic and brand diversification for US lodging industry. This study fills a research gap in the hospitality literature by exhaustively examining the effect of diversification strategies on firm performance in the hospitality field by providing evidence for the moderating effects of product and brand diversification on the geographic diversification-firm performance relationship in three US hospitality industries. Further, this study enriches the whole body of diversification theory and literature by providing context-specific empirical findings for diversification's effects and investing the moderating role of brand diversification in the diversification strategy context. / Tourism and Sport

This descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study explored the relationships among the variables self-care action, self-care knowledge, and affiliated individuation and quality of life for persons on chronic warfarin therapy. This study also explored the moderating effects of self-care knowledge and affiliated individuation on quality of life. This research was guided by a theoretical framework based on modeling and role-modeling theory (Erickson, Tomlin, & Swain, 1983). The sample consisted of 83 adults between the ages of 30 to 91 years. The majority of participants were Caucasian, educated, retired and almost evenly distributed between male and female. Each subject completed the following instruments: the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) test, the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS), the Basic Needs Satisfaction Inventory (BNSI), and the generic quality of life survey (SF36v2). Data was analyzed using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results indicated significant correlations among most of the study variables. Self-care action significantly explained variances in all but two quality of life variables. Self-care knowledge and affiliated individuation had statistically significant moderating effects on the DASS negative impact and hassles/burdens subscales. Self-care knowledge also demonstrated a significant moderating effect on the SF36v2 physical function subscale. These findings support the concepts proposed by the study's theoretical framework. This research serves as validation of Acton's (1997) study findings for the concept of affiliated individuation and its value as a self-care resource in a specific clinical population. / text

Purpose – The purpose of this master thesis is to examine factors influencing green consumption and to explain the moderating effect of market maturity on these factors in developed and emerging markets.Design/methodology/approach – In this research the pragmatism epistemology was employed as the scientific perspective of the current research. Deductive reasoning has been selected as scientific approach. The formulation of hypotheses, the collection and analysis of the data were based on and derived from existing theories. In line with deductive approach the collected data was analyzed quantitatively within cross-sectional time horizon. SSPS program was applied to process the collected research data and present the research results. The data was collected via online survey (Google Forms) in Russia and Sweden as well as credible and reliable secondary resources.Findings – Based on correlation and multiple regression analysis it was found that factor perceived consumer effectiveness positively (Beta=0.227) and significantly (Sig.<0.05) influences green consumption among young people in Sweden. Price is determined to affect negatively (Beta=-0.279) and significantly (Sig.<0.05) green consumption among young people in Sweden. Perceived consumer effectiveness positively (Beta=0.225) and significantly (Sig.<0.05) influences green consumption among young people in Russia. The presence of moderating effect of market maturity was not revealed within the conducted research. That means the level of development of countries (in case of Sweden and Russia) does not make a significant influence on the association between studied factors and green consumption among young people. Perceived consumer effectiveness is determined to be the main driving factor which pushes the younger generation toward sustainable consumption both in Sweden and Russia.Research limitations – the first limitation relates to the size of the sample. Although the sample of 100 respondents for each country (Sweden and Russia) was considered adequate, still a larger sample size could have provided more heterogonous findings and might have led to a different conclusion. Another limitation considers geographical and industrial boundaries. The research applies the theoretical model to the context of only two particular countries, namely, Sweden and Russia by focusing on consumption of green products from FMCG industry. With this regard, the findings of the study might not be fully suitable for other emerging and developed countries or other industries. Also, the application of non-probability sampling limited the authors to add more validity to the research. The last limitation is such a phenomena as socially desirable responding or response biases that means a tendency to choose the desirable response or the most moderate response.Practical implications – The findings ensure a better understanding of the content of moderating effect of market maturity and explain more in details how particular factors influence green consumption in emerging and developed markets. The model conceptualized by the authors is supposed to be a good basis for future researches aimed at examining moderating effect of market maturity on relationship between green consumption and factors influencing it in other emerging and developed markets besidesRussia and Sweden. In practice a special emphasis on perceived consumer effectiveness by the companies which market green products and target young consumers could helpthem to supply their products more successfully both in developed and/or emerging countries. Particularly, they need create a perception among potential consumers that buying green products contributes to sustainability and solution of environmental problems by elaborating particular strategies. As the research revealed a negative and significant relation between price and green consumption on the developed market it is important that managers consider price policy while marketing green products among young generation in developed countries.

First responders are at increased risk for adverse mental health conditions (e.g., acute stress), possibly due to exposure to traumatic events; however, not all first responders exhibit symptoms to the same degree. Positive and negative attributes of working as a first responder (e.g., professional quality of life [QOL]) may contribute to vulnerability to or protection from distress. Additionally, beliefs about one’s ability to problem-solve and attain goals (e.g., self-efficacy) may ameliorate job-related difficulties and distress; this premise has not been tested. We examined the relations between professional QOL, self-efficacy, and acute stress in first responders. At the bivariate level, we hypothesized that self-efficacy and compassion satisfaction would be inversely related to acute stress, and burnout and secondary traumatic stress would be positively related to acute stress. At the multivariate level, three hypotheses were made: (1) higher selfefficacy would predict lower acute stress; (2) each professional QOL subscale would predict acute stress, such that higher compassion satisfaction would predict lower acute stress and higher secondary traumatic stress and burnout would predict greater acute stress; and, (3) self-efficacy would moderate the relation between each professional QOL subscale and acute stress. Our sample of 170 first responders were primarily male (73%, n = 124) and White (89.4%, n = 151) with a mean age of 34.75 years (SD = 8.79). Participants were recruited via workplace email and completed self-report measures: General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R; index of acute stress). In addition to bivariate analyses, we conducted multivariate regression analyses to examine the relation between QOL and trauma, and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. At the bivariate level, all correlations were as predicted. At the multivariate level, hypotheses were partially supported. Self-efficacy, compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout all significantly predicted acute stress. Self-efficacy significantly moderated the relation between compassion satisfaction and acute stress, β = 0.12, p = .03, accounting for a significant increase in the variance in acute stress, ΔR 2 = .03, F (1, 148) = 4.80, p = .03. However, self-efficacy did not moderate in other models. Better professional QOL and self-efficacy were related to acute stress in first responders. Further, the relation between compassion satisfaction and acute stress was dependent on level of self-efficacy; with greater competence, the beneficial relation between compassion satisfaction and distress, is strengthened. Therapeutically addressing professional QOL, specifically secondary traumatic events, and increasing self-efficacy (e.g., via Cognitive Behavioral Therapies), may reduce risk for adverse stress reactions in first responders.

abstract: This study examined the relationship that gender in interaction with interpersonal problem type has with outcome in psychotherapy. A sample of 200 individuals, who sought psychotherapy at a counselor training facility, completed the Outcome Questionnaire-45(OQ-45) and the reduced version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32). This study was aimed at examining whether gender (male and female), was related to treatment outcome, and whether this relationship was moderated by two interpersonal distress dimensions: dominance and affiliation. A hierarchical regression analyses was performed and indicated that gender did not predict psychotherapy treatment outcome, and neither dominance nor affiliation were moderators of the relationship between gender and outcome in psychotherapy. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.C. Counseling 2013

Le trouble déficitaire de l'attention/hyperactivité (TDA/H) est une problématique qui touche un nombre important de jeunes Québécois. Un lien entre le TDA/H, plus particulièrement la composante inattention, et l’apparition de difficultés scolaires a été démontré à maintes reprises. Quelques études suggèrent que la pratique d'activités sportives pourrait influencer le lien entre l'inattention et les difficultés scolaires et augmenter ainsi la probabilité de perséverer dans les études et, conséquemment, d’obtenir un diplôme scolaire. La présente étude vise à examiner le lien entre l’inattention durant l’enfance et l’obtention du diplôme d’études secondaires, puis à vérifier si la pratique d'activités sportives durant l’adolescence influence ce lien. À cette fin, 1043 jeunes ont été suivis de 6 à 23 ans. Une analyse de régression logistique binaire de type hiérarchique a été utilisée pour tester les hypothèses proposées. D’une part, et tel que prévu, une forte association négative entre l’inattention et la diplomation est observée. Cette association demeure satistiquement significative après contrôle de différentes variables (hyperactivité, symptômes intériorisés, Q.I. et l’adversité familiale). La relation inattention-diplomation n’est toutefois pas modérée par la pratique d’activités sportives. Cette étude souligne l’importance de mettre en place des mesures efficaces pour permettre aux jeunes souffrant d’inattention d’avoir de meilleures chances de diplômer. / Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health issue that many youths have to deal with. It is of great concern as many authors report a link between ADHD and academic problems. It has been shown that inattention levels contribute more to academic problems than hyperactivity levels per se. On the other hand, the results of few studies suggest that sport activities could influence the link between inattention and academic problems. The aims of this study was to investigate the link between inattention at the end of childhood and high school graduation and to examine the hypothesis that sport activities during adolescence could moderate that relation. To this end, 1043 youths were followed from 6 to 23 years old, as part of the Montreal longitudinal and experimental stud. Binary logistic regression analysis was conduct to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate a strong association between inattention and high school graduation. This relation remained statistically significant after controlling for associated problems (hyperactivity, internalized symptoms), I.Q., and familial adversity. The relation inattention-high school graduation was not moderated by sport activities, however. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing measures that could help youths with inattention problems achieving academic success.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

La majorité des adolescents québécois auront consommé une substance psychoactive avant la fin de leurs études secondaires. Parmi les facteurs ayant une influence sur cette consommation, on retrouve les normes sociales, dont les normes descriptives. Ce mémoire vise à évaluer l’impact des normes descriptives du milieu scolaire sur les comportements d’usage de cannabis chez les adolescents québécois, ainsi que sur les méfaits attribués à cette consommation. Cette étude examine les liens entre l’écart de perception de prévalence de consommation de cannabis au sein d’une école et la consommation ainsi que les conséquences attribuées à cet usage par les élèves. De plus, elle examine le rôle modérateur des écarts de perception de la prévalence de consommation sur la progression de la consommation, ainsi que sur le lien entre la consommation de cannabis en secondaire 4 et des conséquences attribuées à cette consommation un an plus tard. Provenant de la Stratégie d’Intervention Agir Autrement, l’échantillon de cette étude est constitué de 1601 élèves suivis de secondaire 2 à secondaire 5. Des analyses de régression logistique multinomiale ont été conduites et ont montré que plus les élèves surestiment la prévalence de consommation de cannabis au sein de leur école, plus ils ont de chance de consommer du cannabis et d’attribuer des conséquences négatives à leur consommation un an plus tard. Les résultats ont également montré un effet modérateur positif de l’écart de perception de la prévalence sur la progression de la consommation de cannabis de secondaire 4 à 5, spécifiquement chez les élèves ayant une faible consommation en secondaire 4. Finalement, les résultats ont montré un deuxième effet modérateur de l’écart de perception de prévalence, celui-ci sur le lien entre la consommation de cannabis en secondaire 4 et l’attribution de conséquences négatives à cette consommation un an plus tard. Précisément, les élèves ayant une faible consommation et qui surestiment la prévalence de consommation de cannabis au sein de leur école auront plus de chance d’attribuer plusieurs méfaits à leur consommation en secondaire 5 que d’en attribuer aucun. Par contre, les élèves ayant une consommation de cannabis élevée en secondaire 4 ne rapportent pas plus ni moins de conséquences selon leur estimation de prévalence. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées. / Substance use in adolescence is a relatively common behavior. By the end of high school, a majority of Quebec teenagers will have experimented with psychoactive drugs or alcohol. Among the multiple factors influencing substance use are the social norms, namely the descriptive norms. This study evaluates the impact of the misperception of descriptive norms within the school context on marijuana use and its related consequences. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between the misperception of prevalence of cannabis use within a high school and the actual use of marijuana and its attributed related consequences. It also examines the moderating role of misperception of cannabis use prevalence on the progression of marijuana usage, and on the relationship between cannabis use in 10th grade and its attributed consequences a year later. Using data from the New Approaches, New Solutions intervention strategy, 1601 high school students were followed from grade 8 through grade 11. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted and have indicated that the more the students overestimate the prevalence of cannabis use, the more chances they have to use marijuana themselves and attribute negative consequences to their cannabis use a year later. Results have also shown a moderating effect of the misperception of prevalence of cannabis use on the progression of marijuana use from grade 10 to 11, particularly with the students using marijuana occasionally in grade 10. Results also indicate a moderating effect of the misperception of prevalence of school wide cannabis use on the relationship between marijuana use in grade 10 and attributed consequences a year later. Specifically, students using marijuana occasionally and who overestimate the prevalence of cannabis use by their school peers will have more chances of attributing more than three consequences to their drug use in grade 11 than to attribute no harm to it whereas students who use marijuana frequently in grade 10 do not attribute consequences in accordance with their estimation of the prevalence of cannabis use by their school peers. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

College students’ perceptions of filial obligation can differ across individual, familial, and cultural contexts. However, comparative and empirical studies on this issue are scarce. To address the gap in literature, we examined how American and Korean cultural contexts differently affect the association between two types of parent-child relationship quality (mother-child dyad and father-child dyad) and two types of filial obligation (instrumental support and emotional support). In addition, we examined how children’s gender moderates the above associations. We collected a sample of 500 college students, ages 18 to 25 years, from private universities in the United States (n = 224) and South Korea (n = 276). Regarding American college students, results showed that mother-child relationship quality was positively associated with emotional support of filial obligation. In terms of Korean college students, however, mother-child relationship quality was positively associated with two types of filial obligation respectively. These results indicate that Korean college students consider both instrumental and emotional support as important values of filial obligation, whereas American college students consider emotional support as the more important value of filial obligation compared to instrumental support. Regarding the moderating effect, we found that children’s gender moderated the associations between father-child relationship quality and two types of filial obligation in Korean college students. We suggest that Korean cultural contexts based on the tradition of patriarchy and gender socialization affect the association between father-child relationship quality and filial obligation.