Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Cette thèse propose un examen empirique du programme de modernisation de l’État articulé en France, entre 2014 et 2017, autour du concept d’« État plateforme » et interroge l’intérêt étatique pour la modernité technologique des administrations — souvent qualifiée de numérique. Le cahier des charges confié aux modernisateurs de l’État était le suivant : simplifier la réalisation des démarches administratives des usagers, évaluer et améliorer la qualité des services publics, investir dans des équipements informatiques communs aux administrations, expérimenter de nouveaux modes de gouvernement ; le tout en faisant participer les usagers et les agents publics. Ce programme d’action ne prétendait pas transformer tout l’État, je soutiens qu’il se présenterait plutôt comme une boursoufflure technologique sur le paysage administratif, un pli. Pour rendre compte de ce nouveau monde de la modernisation et de ces conséquences politiques et matérielles, mon travail se positionne au croisement des études des sciences et des techniques, de la sociologie de l’activité et de la sociologie de l’État. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans le service du Premier ministre responsable de l’activité coordonnée de réforme de l’État, j’analyse cette modernisation en train de se faire, sous la forme alors déterminante des projets. La thèse s’ouvre sur un état des lieux des littératures sur la réforme de l’État et les phénomènes de modernisation. Elle est ensuite divisée en quatre chapitres, chacun retraçant un projet. Tous les projets instrumentés par le design, l’ergonomie, l’informatique, l’économie et la sociologie parcourent une facette de l’action coordonnée de transformation technologique de l’État, en même temps qu’ils explorent un lieu de l’État. / This thesis offers an empirical examination of the programme of state modernization developed in France, between 2014 and 2017, around the concept of the ‘Platform State’. It examines the state’s interest for the technological modernity of public administrations – often labelled digital. The state modernisers’ mandate was as follows: simplify the implementation of administrative procedures, assess and improve the quality of public services for users, invest in digital infrastructure, experiment with new modes of government, involve users and public officials. This programme did not claim to transform the state as a whole. I argue that it constituted rather a technological swelling on the administrative landscape, a fold. To account for this new world of modernisation and its political and material consequences, my work is positioned at the crossroads of science and technology studies, the sociology of activity and the sociology of the state. Based on an ethnographic study carried out in the Prime Minister’s department in charge for the coordinated activity of state reform, I analyse this modernisation in-the-making as a process, and a project. The thesis starts with review of the literature on the reform of the state and the phenomena of modernisation. It is then divided into four chapters, each analysing one specific project. All projects, instrumented by design, ergonomics, computer science, economics and sociology, engage different facets of the state’s transformation, and explore different sites of the state.

This thesis explores the process of implementation of the FA's Charter Standard scheme in England. The football development scheme, for schools and clubs, is the first nationally led initiative to attempt instantiate structures and minimum standards of practice at the junior level of football in England. Implementation of the scheme has taken place within the context of New Labour s modernising drive for sport. Moreover, the area of grassroots football has escaped any sustained analysis in academia. Therefore, the thesis aims to provide insights into this area and re-dress the balance somewhat from the pre-occupation of analysing the elite levels of the game. The nature of implementation is complex and multi-faceted, and a primary aim of the study is to identify and analyse the dynamics of implementation in three distinct geographical areas (or clusters) of grassroots football. The study focuses on the meso level of analysis, which centres on the structures and dynamics of relationships between County FA personnel, grassroots football volunteers, teachers and sport development professionals whose responsibility it is to implement the Charter Standard. The macro level of analysis is also briefly considered, where the primary concern is to highlight how such individuals are constrained or facilitated in implementing the Charter Standard, and the relative positions of power they occupy. A qualitative methodology is utilised to elicit data in respect of implementation, generating themes and issues specific to each of the three case studies (or clusters), allowing for general comparisons. Within the case study approach, the dialectical approach to policy networks is applied to provide a framework in which to analyse and discuss theories and processes of implementation. This has proved useful in highlighting conflict and ambiguity between individuals regarding the ethos, and criteria within, FA Charter Standard criteria. Indeed, it is evident that implementing the Charter Standard is problematic for both professionals and volunteers within the context of modernisation. The study concludes by noting changes in the practice of grassroots football. Volunteers have been drawn into football development work which has altered their experience from a largely spontaneous, leisurely activity of choice, to one in which they are expected to conform to professionalised practices in order to implement, and gain Charter Standard accreditation for their club or school.

The UK National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) is the first industrial symbiosis (IS) network in the world to have been established at national level. Many studies have recently investigated the UK NISP, but much work remains to be done in understanding the context that enabled the development and management of a large scale IS network. This research aims to explore and understand: (1) the place of the UK NISP within the UK government’s ‘green’ market strategy; and, (2) the management and organisational design employed by the UK NISP in developing and managing a nation-wide IS network. Based on a qualitative inquiry, a case study approach was adopted to conduct this research. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to gather information from twenty-eight policy officers, government advisors, as well as representatives of the UK NISP and its partner organisations. The research findings showed that the government’s decision-making mechanism, in each of the UK countries, was significantly different. Whilst it was found that the UK government is focused on embedding ecological modernisation components in the policy process, there is also a need for extended and consistent decentralisation across the UK and a structural framework that enables non-state stakeholders to effectively influence the policy process. The outcomes of this research indicate a relationship between EM theory and the IS concept. By adopting the ecological modernisation agenda, the UK government can play a significant role in promoting the use of the IS concept by: (1) devising policies that are directly aimed at supporting the development of IS networks; and, (2) aligning the funding for technological innovation with the needs of potential IS projects. Nevertheless, the study found that the future of the UK NISP is entirely dependent on UK government funding and, therefore, it is recommended that the UK NISP should identify ways to raise income from the private sector as well for the UK NISP’s long term survival. The findings also highlighted the effectiveness of the organisational design employed by the UK NISP (including leadership at national level, regional delivery strategy and regional partnership strategy) for a large scale IS network and the suitability of the UK NISP’s organisational design to the dynamic nature of the IS network development. The regional partnership strategy was found to promote sectoral focus in IS networks, which did not adhere to the ‘innovation’ and ‘diversity’ principles of IS. This would result in limited innovation and raise the potential for an IS network to become unstable, for example, if a member decides to leave the network, the lack of diversity in the IS network would make it difficult to replace that member. So it is important that the UK NISP staff and contractors are provided with extensive training to ensure a better understanding of the IS concept principles. In a society facing economic and environmental challenges, this study specifically contributes to the understanding of the context that enabled the development of a large scale IS network that would help integrate environmental protection and economic growth.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This Master's thesis focuses on the discussion about Chinese and Western Medicine in the Duli pinglun Magazine (獨立評論) in the year of 1934. Its main purpose is to introduce the lines of reasoning of its participants. The thesis introduces general historical and philosophical background crucial for the formation of the discussion about Chinese and Wester Medicine in 1930s. It describes the situation of Chinese medicine in China from the late imperial period to so called Nanjing Decade (1928-1937). It describes the discussion in the context of the intellectual discussion about social Darwinism, national essence, cultural iconoclasm and science and scientism. It introduces selected basic characteristics of Chinese Medicine crucial for the understanding of this discussion. The main actor of the discussion, Fu Sinian 傅斯年 (1896-1950), and the Duli pinglun Magazine itself are introduced here. The thesis focuses also on the first phase of the discussion, which was held in the Da gongbao Magazine 大公報. Main intellectual tendencies of the discussion about Chinese and Wester Medicine during this period were revealed through the analysis of the discussion. The results of this work cover the area of the Chinese and Wester Medicine discussion which has not been separately elaborated yet. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)