Afin de combiner les avantages de la normalisation et de la personnalisation, «la conception modulaire » est utilisée de plus en plus par les OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) dans le développement de systèmes complexes. Différente de la conception traditionnelle, la conception modulaire confie l’entière responsabilité d’un module aux fournisseurs principaux. Dans ce cas, les fournisseurs commencent à collaborer avec les OEMs beaucoup plus tôt dans le processus de conception, et participent à la conception des systèmes depuis la phase de la conception conceptuelle. Avec une approche « conception modulaire», il n’est plus possible de définir le concept produit avant le choix de leurs fournisseurs, comme on le fait en conception traditionnelle. Par contre, les concepts produits et leurs fournisseurs doivent être examinés simultanément au début de la conception conceptuelle. Cependant, le lien incassable entre un module et son fournisseur est rarement pris en compte dans les méthodes de support de la conception. La plupart des méthodes existantes traitent le choix d’architecture et le choix de(s) fournisseur(s) comme deux sujets d’aide au choix séparés. Dans notre travail, nous proposons une méthode et un outil appelé«Architecture & Supplier Identification Tool (ASIT)», qui considère conjointement les performances des fournisseurs et celles de leurs modules. L’ASIT est capable de générer toutes les architectures possibles(toutes les combinaisons à modules donnés) en fonction des besoins client, en tenant compte des nouvelles technologies et des nouveaux fournisseurs. La performance globale de chaque architecture tient compte à la fois l’architecture et de ses fournisseurs, elle est estimée à partir de données de produits existants et de connaissances expertes. Les candidats appropriés (binômes architectures/fournisseurs) sont identifiés (en tenant compte de leur degré de satisfaction clients, de l’incertitude globale, et de l’impact environnemental) pour être considéré dans la conception conceptuelle. L’utilisation d’ASIT est illustré par une étude de cas de conception du groupe motopropulseur. La comparaison des résultats à d’autres méthodes montre que l’approche ASIT constitue un outil d’aide à la décision intéressant pour les OEMs,elle permet l’identification simultanée des fournisseurs et des architectures qui garantissent une performance globale. / In order to combine the advantage of standardization with those of customization, modular design has been increasingly used by OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) in complex system development. Different from traditional design, modular design advocates entrusting lead suppliers with full responsibility of a module. In this case, suppliers are involved much earlier in design, and start collaborating with OEMs from the conceptual design phase. This characteristic of modular design makes it impossible to define the product concept before choosing suppliers, as is normally done in the traditional way. Instead, the product concepts and supplier possibilities need to be considered simultaneously. However, this unbreakable link between a module and its supplier is rarely considered indesign support methods. Most existing methods treat architecture and supplier as two separate issues. In this work, we propose the Architecture & Supplier Identification Tool (ASIT), which considers performance of both suppliers and their modules. The ASIT is capable of generating all possible product/system architectures based on customer requirements with consideration of new technologies and new suppliers. The overall performance of each architecture is estimated using data of existing products and expert knowledge. Appropriate candidates are identified, taking into account their customer requirements satisfaction, overall uncertainty, and environmental impact, to be considered in conceptual design. The utilization of ASIT is illustrated in a powertrain design case study. Comparing the results from different methods shows that ASIT is an interesting decision support tool for OEMs to identify suppliers and architectures regarding their overall performance.

Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T21:06:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gimenez_MarcosCarazatto_M.pdf: 5243564 bytes, checksum: f06980474419baf0ce942eb2ee5cccdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Essa dissertação trata da reestruturação de uma família de chassis de ônibus através da análise modular. A partir de um chassi já em produção, que foi a referência dessa análise, identifica-se a arquitetura da região do motor e seus periféricos, para a formação de um modelo que permite desenvolver novas periferias do motor derivadas do chassi de referência. Através do levantamento do estado da arte da modularidade, foi possível utilizar técnicas, métodos e ferramentas para agrupamento dos módulos, identificação das interfaces, quantificação da modularidade e avaliação de impactos nos módulos devido à inserção de novos módulos ou ajustes das condições de contorno. O resultado é a formação de novas periferias do motor com alto grau de comunização e padronização dos módulos, componentes e sistemas. As conseqüências da unificação das arquiteturas do produto para o projeto são a redução do tempo de desenvolvimento e aumento da confiabilidade do projeto. A origem desse trabalho deriva da necessidade que as montadoras têm de adaptarem seus portfólios de veículos a cada mudança de legislação ambiental. Nos últimos anos, o meio ambiente passou a ser o centro das atenções, refletindo em legislações cada vez mais desafiadoras no controle de emissões de gases danosos à atmosfera. O não atendimento às legislações acarretaria perda de mercado e conseqüente redução de lucros. Nesse cenário, o motor e os seus periféricos passam a ter uma atenção especial, pois depende deles o atendimento dos limites de emissões. Esse trabalho busca auxiliar na reconfiguração da periferia do motor através de um modelo exeqüível baseado na modularidade e que apresentou resultados satisfatórios / Abstract: This thesis describes the reorganization of a bus chassis family through the modular analysis. The reference of this analysis was a chassis already in production. As a first step, it is important to identify the needs and features of the engine and the peripheral components for the creation of the model which allows us to develop new engine peripheral components derived from the reference chassis. Analyzing the state of the art of the modularity, it was possible to apply techniques, methods and tools for grouping the modules, interface identification, modularity measurement and impact evaluation on the modules due to new modules development or boundary condition adjustments. The result is the development of new engine peripherical components with high degree of standardization of the modules, components and systems. The consequences of the standardization of the product architectures to the project are the development time reduction and higher reliability of the project. The origin of this work started due to the necessity that the auto-industry plants have to in order to adapt their vehicle variants for each new emission legislation. In the last years, the environment started to be the center of attention, reflecting in more challenging emission legislation, each time more restrict in relation to the emissions of gases to the atmosphere. The unfulfillment of the legislations would produce the effect of market loss and consequently profit reduction. In this scenario, the engine and peripheral components start to have a special attention, because it will depend on them to fulfill the emission limits. The goal of this work is to redesign the engine periphery by means of a feasible model based on modularization and which produced satisfactory results / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The objective of this thesis is the design of an air-water heat pump for heating buildings. The proposed design solution is based on innovative technical concept of a modular system which brings new qualities for the apparatus. One of the major goals of the thesis was to design a versatile system which would replace a wide product range of heat pumps with different heat outputs. The thesis is based on the research part in which an evolution in the field of heat pumps is briefly introduced, followed by the technical and design analysis of present production. The design report contains the description of identified design problems, shows variant design concepts, alternative solutions of parts and details, and finally a detailed description of the definite solution accompanied by a product mock-up in 1:3 scale.

Natural and predictable changes in consumer needs often require the development of new products. Providing solutions that anticipate, account for, and allow for these changes over time is a significant challenge to manufacturers and design engineers. Products that adapt to these changes through the addition of modules reduce production costs through product commonality and provide a set of products that cater to customization and adaptation. In this thesis, a multiobjective optimization design method using s-Pareto frontiers – sets of non-dominated designs from disparate design models - is developed and used to identify a set of optimal adaptive product designs that satisfy changing consumer needs. The novel intent of the method is to design a product that adapts to changing consumer needs by moving from one location on the s-Pareto frontier to another through the addition of a module and/or reconfiguration. The six-step method is described as follows: (A) Characterize the multiobjective design space. (B) Identify the anticipated regions of interest within the search space based on predicted future needs. (C) Identify the platform design variables that minimize the performance losses due to commonality across the anticipated regions of interest. (D) Assemble the s-Pareto frontier within each region of interest. (E) Determine the values of all design variables for the optimal product design in each region of interest by multiobjective optimization. (F) Identify the module design variables, and identify the platform and module designs by constrained module design. An example of the design of a simple unmanned air vehicle is used to demonstrate application of the method for a single Pareto frontier case. The design of a manual irrigation pump is used to demonstrate application of the method for a s-Pareto frontier case. In addition, these examples show the ability of the method to design a product that adapts to changing consumer needs by traversing the s-Pareto frontier.

No description available.

Vertical hydroponic farming is a developing sector that has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of conventional farming while also meeting the demands of rapidly urbanizing populations. The global food system is responsible for up to 30% of anthropogenic GHG emissions, with primary production accounting for the majority of these emissions. Hydroponic farming is a type of crop production in which the plants grow without the use of soil. It is mainly done indoors. Hydroponic production has various advantages for the food system, including water efficiency, space efficiency, year-round production, and system productivity. Despite many advantages mentioned in the literature, hydroponic farming has certain drawbacks, including a reliance on electricity to grow, a limited choice of crops appropriate for hydroponic cultivation, and a higher product price.This paper examines the obstacles and describes how integrated modular farms might be implemented in Sweden to improve urban food resilience. This project aims to design a modular solution for a closed hydroponic farm using various data gathering and design methodologies. In one year, the designed hydroponic system generates about one ton of lettuce in a one-square-meter area while saving 91.27% of water compared to conventional farming methods. The secondary goal was to assess the designed system's long -term viability interms of social, environmental, and economic sustainability indicators and study the structure from an engineering standpoint.

This dissertation proposes an alternative FPGA design compilation flow to reduce the back-end time required to implement an FPGA design to below the level at which the user's attention is lost. To do so, this flow focuses on enforcing modular design for both productivity and code reuse, while minimizing reliance on standard tools. This can be achieved by using a library of precompiled modules and associated meta-data to enable bitstream-level assembly of desired designs. In so doing, assembly would occur in a fraction of the time of traditional back-end tools. Modules could be bound, placed, and routed using custom bitstream assembly with the primary objective of rapid compilation while preserving performance. This turbo flow (TFlow) aims to enable software-like turn-around time for faster prototyping by leveraging precompiled components. As a result, large device compilations would be assembled in seconds, within the deadline imposed by the human attention span. / Ph. D.

A robust evaluation toolset has been designed for Naval Research Laboratory’s Real-Time Ocean Forecasting System RELO with the purpose of facilitating an adaptive sampling strategy and providing a more educated guidance for routing underwater gliders. The major challenges are to integrate into the existing operational system, and provide a bridge between the modeling and operative environments. Visualization is the selected approach and the developed software is divided into 3 packages: The first package is to verify that the glider is actually following the waypoints and to predict the position of the glider for the next cycle’s instructions. The second package helps ensures that the delivered waypoints are both useful and feasible. The third package provides the confidence levels for the suggested path. This software’s implementation is in Python for portability and modularity to allow for easy expansion for new visuals.

Nas últimas décadas o desenvolvimento de novos produtos se tornou o foco da competitividade industrial e, é neste ambiente que a literatura atual identifica vários casos que apontam para uma forte tendência de descentralização do desenvolvimento de produto em âmbito global. Assim, pretende-se por meio de estudo de caso único, analisar o processo de descentralização de desenvolvimento global de novos produtos (DGP) adotado por uma empresa automotiva atuante no setor de veículos comerciais. O estudo foca na pesquisa dos fatores que favorecem a descentralização do DGP, bem como suas causas, baseado na teoria vigente. Como principais conclusões, pode-se citar que o setor de veículos comerciais reage de maneira similar a outros setores, como o de telecomunicações, e que diferentemente da literatura vigente sobre a descentralização do DGP, fatores como o interesse no mercado local e aspectos históricos da evolução da subsidiária brasileira apresentam maior relevância do que o baixo custo e as competências locais em desenvolvimento de produtos. Identificou-se, também, que neste caso o produto modular influencia no processo de descentralização do DGP dependendo do tipo de estrutura deste último, ao contrário do identificado por pesquisas anteriores. Por fim, é elaborada uma proposta de relação entre tipo de estrutura de DGP e a utilização ou não de projeto modular. / In recent decades the development of new products has become the industrial competitiveness focus and, it is in this environment, that the current literature identifies several cases which indicate a strong trend of product development decentralization in a global sphere. Thus, this study intent to, through a single case study, analyzes the decentralization process of new products global development (PGD) used by a company from the automotive industry acting at the commercial vehicles sector. The study focuses on the research of the factors that encourage the decentralization of PGD and its causes, based on existing theory. As main conclusions, it is possible to mention that the commercial vehicles sector reacts similarly to other sectors such as telecommunications, in which factors such as interest in the local market and historical aspects of evolution of the Brazilian subsidiary have more relevance than the low cost and local skills in product development, unlike the current literature on this topic. It was also identified, in this case, that the modular product influences the PGD decentralization process depending on its structure, unlike identified by previous studies. Finally, the author developed a proposal which describes the relation between the PGD type of structure and the use (or not) of modular design.

Manufacturing globalization and sustainable development compel production enterprises to continuously seek improvements in their products performance, customization, environmental friendliness, cost, and delivery time. The challenges of this competition cannot be completely addressed through improving production processes because some issues can only be solved through more innovative design. This thesis investigates a new design paradigm called Design for Adaptability or Adaptable Design (AD) to address some of these challenges. The purpose of AD is to extend the utility of designs and products. An adaptable design allows manufacturers to quickly develop new and upgraded models or customized products through adapting existing designs with proven quality and costs. An adaptable product can be utilized under varying service requirements thus prevents premature product replacement. Design adaptability and product adaptability provide economical and environmental benefits of AD. <p> To make a product adaptable, its adaptability must be built-in during the design stage. Methods of design for predetermined adaptations are categorized as Specific AD; these methods design products for versatility, upgrading, variety, and customization. Several of these methods such as modular/platform design and design for upgrading have been studied for mechanical design. In the absence of predetermined adaptations, AD aims to increase the general adaptability of products. General AD involves fundamental research in design theory and methodology in order to develop practical design methods and guidelines. This thesis introduces several original concepts and proposes the subordination of a system to a rational functional structure as an approach for increasing general adaptability. Such a system would consist of a hierarchical assembly of autonomous functional modules, emulating the adaptable architecture of a rational functional structure. Methods and guidelines are proposed for making the design of mechanical systems closer to this ideal architecture. <p> Accordingly, the thesis proposes a methodology for AD in which specific AD is performed first to take advantage of available forecast information, and then general AD is performed in order to increase adaptability to unforeseen changes. Also, a measure has been defined for the assessment of adaptability. The application of this methodology has been demonstrated through several conceptual design examples.