No description available.

Thais emarginata (Deshayes, 1839) and Thais canaliculata (Dulcos, 1832), are two common Pacific coast gastropods (Family: Muricidae). T. emarginata is found in semi-protected rocky areas from Alaska to Baja California, while T. canaliaulata occurs in quiet bays from Alaska to Monterey Bay, California (Ricketts and Calvin, 1966). Both species occur on rocks and jetties where they can be seen feeding upon barnacles and young mussels. Despite the abundance of these species their reproductive biology has not been examined. In the present study, the following aspects of the reproductive biology of T. emarginata and T. canalieulata are presented: Relationship of gonadal development to environmental factors; Histological changes in the reproductive organs during the gametogenic cycle; Spawning behavior; and Morphology of the egg capsules.

No description available.

I vacillate between all extremes, beauty vs. ugly, internal vs. external, micro vs. macro. It is these disparate notions that inspire what I make. We cannot ever see ourselves objectively, but does that mean we shouldn’t try? This thesis is my attempt to dissect what I created in my 2 years at Virginia Commonwealth University, my exploration of the illness within and the psychological nature of how we go about hiding our insecurities.

O consumo de moluscos bivalves pode representar sérios riscos à saúde pública, pois refletem diretamente as condições do meio ambiente. Desta forma considera-se de extrema importância o consumo de mexilhões livres de contaminação. Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar a qualidade microbiológica das águas e mexilhões de três pontos de cultivo do município de Ubatuba, SP, a saber: Engenho da Almada, Barra Seca e Costão do Cedro em um período compreendido entre novembro de 2002 e março de 2003, totalizando 5 coletas mensais. Analisou-se na água: Bacillus cereus, Clostrídios Sulfito Redutores, Aeróbios Mesófilos, Staphylococcus aureus, Coliformes totais e fecais, Enterococos e Salmonella. Nos mexilhões foram analisados os mesmos microrganismos citados para água mais o Clostridium perfringens. Os resultados encontrados tanto para as análises de água como dos mexilhões foram satisfatórios, condizentes com a legislação brasileira em vigor, salvo a coleta do mês de março, do cultivo da Barra Seca, onde a média dos valores encontrados para coliformes fecais na água (5,7x101 NMP/100mL) foi superior ao recomendado pela legislação sendo detectado também neste mesmo cultivo e mês, presença de Salmonella em 25 g nas amostras de mexilhões. Mesmo que as contagens de S. aureus e B. cereus na carne estejam de acordo com a legislação em vigor, cuidados devem ser tomados quanto ao armazenamento e a forma de consumo. Averiguou-se a intensidade de interferências sazonais na contagem microbiana na água e constatou-se que a tábua de marés e o índice de insolação diária tiveram uma correlação negativa baixa, ao contrário do índice pluviométrico que apresentou correlação positiva alta. / The consumption of bivalve mollusks can represent serious risks to the public health, because they reflect the conditions of the environment directly. This way it is considered of extreme importance the consumption of mussels without contamination. This work aims of studing the water and mussels microbiology quality from three different seafood farms in Ubatuba, SP, to know: Engenho da Almada, Barra Seca and Costão do Cedro from November 2002 to March 2003, totaling five monthly. It was analyzed in the water: Bacillus cereus, Total Clostridia, Aerobic Mesophilic, Staphylococcus aureus, total and fecal coliforms, Enterococci and Salmonella. In the mussels the same microorganisms were analyzed mentioned for water more Clostridium perfringens. The results found in the water and in the mussels were satisfactory, suitable with the Brazilian legislation, except for the sample at Barra Seca’s beach, in March. The average of the values found at that place for fecal coliformes in the water was higher (5,7x101 MPN/100mL) than the recommended by the legislation. Even in this collection, it was also detected Salmonella in 25 g of mussels. Even if the counts of S. aureus and B. cereus in the mussesls are in agreement with the legislation in vigor cares they should be taken with relationship to the storage and the consumption form. The intensity of seasonal interferences was discovered in the microbial count in the water, in which was verified that the board of tides and the index of daily heatstroke had a low negative correlation unlike the index pluviometric it presented high positive correlation

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaniceSC.pdf: 2257338 bytes, checksum: 87ae25d4af8c910f8c675e38f8bfe103 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Berberine is an alkaloid used as a fluorochrome in the identification of heparin and DNA. Enerback, 1974, described the technique used until today to study granules rich in heparin of vertebrate mast cells. Santos et al., 2003, studied mast cells of the mollusk Anomalocardia brasiliana using biochemical and histological analysis. This work used the fluorescent dye berberine technique to improve characterization of these cells. Mollusk organs (ctenidium and mantle) were processed with routine histological techniques. Tissue sections were treated with berberine 0,02% in redistilled water acidified to pH 4, by the addition of citric acid for 20 minutes. The visualization was made through fluorescence microscopy with ultraviolet region emission. The mast cell fluorescence had a strong yellow color, where cell nuclei appeared more greenish. This result was very similar to the ones reported before. Mast cells are location at the epithelium surface is the same in both organs, mantle and ctenidium. The fluorescence was easily observed in the granules. Therefore, this technique showed to be good and sensitive to study mast cell of invertebrates / A berberina ? um alcal?ide usado como fluorcromo na identifica??o de heparina e DNA. Enerb?ck, em 1974, descreveu a t?cnica at? hoje empregada deste fluorcromo no estudo dos gr?nulos ricos em heparina dos mast?citos de vertebrados. Santos et al., em trabalhos anteriores, utilizando abordagens bioqu?mica e histol?gica, descreveram a presen?a de mast?citos no marisco Anomalocardia brasiliana. Baseado nestes estudos, testamos a t?cnica de fluoresc?ncia com berberina para a caracteriza??o adicional dessas c?lulas. Destarte, mantos e cten?deos dos esp?cimes foram submetidos a t?cnicas rotineiras de fixa??o e inclus?o em parafina. Os cortes histol?gicos foram desparafinados, hidratados e incubados com cloridrato de berberina (0,02%) em ?cido c?trico (1%) por 20 minutos, sendo o excesso retirado com ?cido c?trico (pH 4) por 5 minutos. A visualiza??o das se??es foi feita por microscopia de fluoresc?ncia com emiss?o no espectro ultravioleta. Pudemos evidenciar c?lulas com conte?do citoplasm?tico fluorescente amarelo-brilhante, correspondentes ?quelas descritas anteriormente como mast?citos, localizadas nos epit?lios dos ?rg?os. Algumas esp?cimes, logo ap?s a disseca??o foram submetidas a tratamento com desgranulantes e depois processadas como citado acima. O uso da fluoresc?ncia tornou mais f?cil a delimita??o do conte?do granular destas c?lulas em rela??o ao n?cleo (que emite fluoresc?ncia esverdeada). Sendo assim, a t?cnica apresentada mostrou ser bastante sens?vel e promissora para o estudo dos mast?citos de invertebrados

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-01T11:28:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raqueldeseixasrezende.pdf: 1394382 bytes, checksum: bf1923478b50668b3b083c79a58d651d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-01T11:35:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raqueldeseixasrezende.pdf: 1394382 bytes, checksum: bf1923478b50668b3b083c79a58d651d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T11:35:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raqueldeseixasrezende.pdf: 1394382 bytes, checksum: bf1923478b50668b3b083c79a58d651d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Existem evidências da relação entre morfologia da concha e pressões ambientais. Entretanto, não se sabe, se os mecanismos responsáveis por essa variabilidade da forma da concha seriam decorrentes de uma plasticidade fenotípica, determinação genética ou até mesmo efeito materno. Alguns estudos, abordam apenas os aspectos da concha, desconsiderando a relação entre a morfologia da concha, proteção contra dessecação e reprodução. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve dois grandes objetivos: o primeiro, verificar se a existência de dois padrões morfológicos (conchas abauladas e conchas alongadas) observados para espécie Leptinaria unilamellata a existência de um antagonismo entre proteção contra dessecação e sucesso reprodutivo. E a segunda pergunta seria: qual o papel da plasticidade fenotípica em relação a esses dois padrões? Para investigar a resposta, foi realizado um estudo morfométrico comparativo entre duas populações em gerações sucessivas de laboratório e quantificado o número de filhotes produzidos por cada indivíduo do primeiro evento reprodutivo em cada geração. Para verificar o efeito da dessecação sobre a morfologia da concha ao longo das gerações sucessivas, os moluscos foram submetidos as duas condições de tratamentos. Os resultados do presente estudo confirmam a hipótese de que as variáveis morfométricas que influenciam a forma da volta corporal e a dimensão da abertura da concha influenciam o sucesso reprodutivo da espécie. Foi observado também que as variáveis morfométricas entre as duas populações se tornaram menos evidentes ao longo das gerações sucessivas de laboratório, evidenciando uma resposta adaptativa rápida de Leptinaria unilamellata, decorrente do efeito materno. A maior produção de filhotes foi observada para população de Chácara em todas as gerações, onde a forma abaulada, determina a presença de volta corporal e aberturas maiores, permitindo uma expansão do oviduto. Os resultados evidenciam também que moluscos com conchas mais alongadas e aberturas menores não investem em filhotes maiores. / There is evidence of the relation between shell morphology and environmental pressures. However, it is not known whether the mechanisms responsible for the shell shape variability results from phenotypic plasticity, genetic determination or even to maternal effect. Some studies address just shell aspects and disregard the relation among shell morphology, protection against desiccation and reproduction. Thus, the present study has two main aims. The first aim is to investigate whether the existence of two morphological patterns (rotund shells and elongate shells) found in Leptinaria unilamellata the antagonism between protection against desiccation and reproductive success. The second one is to find the answer to the following question: what is the role played by phenotypic plasticity in these two patterns? A morphometric study comparing two populations derived from successive laboratory generations was performed to find such answer. In addition, the number of progenies produced by each individual born in the first reproductive event in each generation was quantified. The mollusks were subjected to two treatment conditions to investigate the effect of desiccation on shell morphology over successive generations. The results of the present study confirmed the hypothesis that the morphometric variables influencing the body whorls’ shape and the shell opening size have also influenced the species’ reproductive success. The morphometric variables between the two populations became less evident throughout the successive laboratory generations, thus showing the fast-adaptive response of Leptinaria unilamellata resulting from the maternal effect. The highest progeny production was found in the population of Chácara in all generations, wherein the rotund shape determined the presence of body whorls and larger openings, which enabled oviduct expansion. The results have also shown that mollusks presenting more elongated shells and smaller openings do not invest in large progenies.

O consumo de moluscos bivalves pode representar sérios riscos à saúde pública, pois refletem diretamente as condições do meio ambiente. Desta forma considera-se de extrema importância o consumo de mexilhões livres de contaminação. Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar a qualidade microbiológica das águas e mexilhões de três pontos de cultivo do município de Ubatuba, SP, a saber: Engenho da Almada, Barra Seca e Costão do Cedro em um período compreendido entre novembro de 2002 e março de 2003, totalizando 5 coletas mensais. Analisou-se na água: Bacillus cereus, Clostrídios Sulfito Redutores, Aeróbios Mesófilos, Staphylococcus aureus, Coliformes totais e fecais, Enterococos e Salmonella. Nos mexilhões foram analisados os mesmos microrganismos citados para água mais o Clostridium perfringens. Os resultados encontrados tanto para as análises de água como dos mexilhões foram satisfatórios, condizentes com a legislação brasileira em vigor, salvo a coleta do mês de março, do cultivo da Barra Seca, onde a média dos valores encontrados para coliformes fecais na água (5,7x101 NMP/100mL) foi superior ao recomendado pela legislação sendo detectado também neste mesmo cultivo e mês, presença de Salmonella em 25 g nas amostras de mexilhões. Mesmo que as contagens de S. aureus e B. cereus na carne estejam de acordo com a legislação em vigor, cuidados devem ser tomados quanto ao armazenamento e a forma de consumo. Averiguou-se a intensidade de interferências sazonais na contagem microbiana na água e constatou-se que a tábua de marés e o índice de insolação diária tiveram uma correlação negativa baixa, ao contrário do índice pluviométrico que apresentou correlação positiva alta. / The consumption of bivalve mollusks can represent serious risks to the public health, because they reflect the conditions of the environment directly. This way it is considered of extreme importance the consumption of mussels without contamination. This work aims of studing the water and mussels microbiology quality from three different seafood farms in Ubatuba, SP, to know: Engenho da Almada, Barra Seca and Costão do Cedro from November 2002 to March 2003, totaling five monthly. It was analyzed in the water: Bacillus cereus, Total Clostridia, Aerobic Mesophilic, Staphylococcus aureus, total and fecal coliforms, Enterococci and Salmonella. In the mussels the same microorganisms were analyzed mentioned for water more Clostridium perfringens. The results found in the water and in the mussels were satisfactory, suitable with the Brazilian legislation, except for the sample at Barra Seca’s beach, in March. The average of the values found at that place for fecal coliformes in the water was higher (5,7x101 MPN/100mL) than the recommended by the legislation. Even in this collection, it was also detected Salmonella in 25 g of mussels. Even if the counts of S. aureus and B. cereus in the mussesls are in agreement with the legislation in vigor cares they should be taken with relationship to the storage and the consumption form. The intensity of seasonal interferences was discovered in the microbial count in the water, in which was verified that the board of tides and the index of daily heatstroke had a low negative correlation unlike the index pluviometric it presented high positive correlation

L'étude sur le potentiel de bioaccumulation des mollusques comme bioindicateur est un effort important à appliquer rigoureusement dans les régions tropicales. Cette thèse présente les résultats de notre enquête pendant deux ans (2012-2013) dans 4 sites côtiers de la baie de Nha Trang de la province de Khanh Hoa (Viet Nam). L'étude a utilise des méthodes d'analyse appropriées pour déterminer la pollution en métaux lourds des sédiments et interpréter la capacité de bioaccumulation de ces métaux lourds dans plusieurs types de mollusques pour la proposer des bioindicateur et évaluer les risques lies a la consommation de ces mollusques provient des substances toxiques. Les résultats de cette étude ont démontré que la concentration de métaux lourds comme Cr, Cd, Cu et Zn ne présent pas les effets biologiques. Un traitement des résultats sur le choix d'une espece comme bioindicateurs, y compris Laternula anatine, Glauconome virens, Katelysia hiantina et Geloina coaxans en terme de bioaccumulation BSAF de métal dans leurs tissus. Les facteurs de bioaccumulation conduisant au choix d'un espèce particulière, la quelle K.hiantina pourrait être le meilleur indicateur de la pollution par les métaux. / The study on the potential bioaccumulation of mollusks as bioindicator is an important effort that contributes to the findings of method in monitoring pollution in an environment of tropical regions. This thesis reports the results of our investigation of heavy metals in mollusks and sediment samples collected from four coastal sites of different environmentally background in Nha Trang bay and adjacent areas, Khanh Hoa province, Viet Nam during 2 years from 2012 to 2013. The study used suitable analyzing methods update to find the bioaccumulation capacity of trace metals in marine ecosystems, evaluation of the bioavailability of potentially toxic substances on human health risks and available for predicting the environmental fat and effects of pollutions. Results from this study demonstrated that the 5 metals As, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations of sediments were acceptable or moderate biological effects. These studied mollusk species including Laternula anatine, Glauconome virens, Katelysia hiantina and Geloina coaxans have high potential factors in term of metal BSAF in their tissues. They have served as good bioindicator organisms, in which K.hiantina might be the best indicator of metal pollution as it is high presence, abundance and wide geographical distribution in the study area.

Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d'explorer les mécanismes moléculaires et les bases génétiques impliquées dans la survie des huîtres Crassostrea gigas à des maladies infectieuses, en considérant deux souches de Vibrio pathogènes pour l'huître (V. splendidus LGP32 et V. aestuarianus LPi 02/41) qui ont été associées aux phénomènes de mortalités massives d'huîtres en France. Par l'approche transcriptomique de « Digital Gene Expression », nous avons identifié des composants génétiques d'une réponse efficace à des infections par des Vibrio virulents. La capacité de survie des huîtres se traduit par l'expression basale d'une combinaison de 14 gènes hémocytaires, une signature de survie, et par l'induction de différentes fonctions cellulaires au cours de la réponse immunitaire. Une analyse transcriptomique détaillée au niveau individuel a révélé un extraordinaire polymorphisme d'expression basale des gènes, incluant des cas où chez certaines huîtres des transcrits sont absents. Afin de comprendre ce polymorphisme, nous nous sommes intéressés à la caractérisation d'une nouvelle famille de peptides antimicrobiens (PAMs), les big défensines (Cg-BigDef). Nous avons montré que Cg-BigDef est une famille de PAMs composée de trois membres et diversifiée en termes de séquences, d'organisation génomique et de régulation de l'expression des gènes. Les Cg-BigDefs sont codées par des gènes distincts dont l'expression est régulée suivant différents modes en réponse à une infection. Chose intéressante, certaines huîtres n'expriment pas simultanément les trois formes de Cg-BigDef ou dans certains cas, n'en expriment aucune. Nous avons démontré que l'absence d'expression basale de Cg-BigDef est liée à l'absence de gène correspondant dans le génome des huîtres. C'est la première mise en évidence chez un invertébré de variation de présence/absence (PAV) de gènes, un phénomène qui pourrait contribuer à une susceptibilité accrue aux maladies infectieuses. / The objectives of this thesis were to explore the molecular mechanisms and genetic bases involved in Crassostrea gigas oyster survival to infectious diseases, considering two Vibrio strains (V. splendidus LGP32 and V. aestuarianus LPi 02/41) pathogenic for oysters which have been shown to be involved in C. gigas mass mortalities in France. By the Digital Gene Expression transcriptomic approach, we have identified some genetic components implicated in a successful response and survival to virulent Vibrio infections. Oyster survival capacity is reflected by the basal expression of a selected combination of hemocyte genes, a 14-gene survival signature, and by the induction of some cellular functions during the oyster immune response. A detailed transcriptomic analysis at individual level revealed an extraordinary interindividual polymorphism in basal gene expression, including cases where some transcripts are fully absent. In order to understand this striking variability in gene expression, we have focused on the characterization of a novel family of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in C. gigas oysters, the big defensins (Cg-BigDef). We have shown that Cg-BigDef is an AMP family, composed of three members, and diversified in terms of sequences but also in terms of genomic organization and regulation of gene expression. Each Cg-BigDef form is encoded by a distinct gene that follows different patterns of gene regulation upon Vibrio infection. Interestingly, some oysters were shown do not express simultaneously the three Cg-BigDef forms or any Cg-BigDef. We demonstrated that the absence of Cg-BigDef basal gene expression is likely due to the absence of the Cg-bigdef gene in oyster genome. This is the first evidence in an invertebrate of a presence/absence variation (PAV) of genes, a phenomenon that could be associated to a susceptibility to infectious diseases.