Das Phasendiagramm Sn - Mo - O wurde für 500°C und 1000°C experimentell abgeleitet. Als ternäre Phasen konnten SnMo2O8 und Sn1-xMo4-yO6-2y dargestellt werden. Die Phasen SnMo5O8 und Sn4,4Mo24O38 konnten unterhalb von 1000°C nicht dargestellt werden. Die Phase SnMo2O8 wurde über Festkörper - Gasphasenreaktion einkristallin dargestellt und auf ihr thermisches Verhalten untersucht. Anhand dieser Untersuchungen konnte das Phasendiagramm SnO2 - MoO3 abgeleitet werden. An dieser Phase wurden Einkristall-untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die Struktur der Phase SnMo2O8 wurde in der Raumgruppe Pa (a = 8,967 Å) gelöst. Die Zinnatome besetzen die Flächen - und Kantenmitten der Elementarzelle. Die Lage der Molybdän - und Sauerstoffpositionen kann über ein Fehlordnungsmodell beschrieben werden. Die Phase Sn1-xMo4-yO6-2y konnte über chemischen Transport mit Wasser einkristallin hergestellt werden. Einkristalluntersuchungen bestätigten eine Überstruktur zur NaMo4O6 - Struktur. Die Phase weist mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Unterstöchiometrie im Zinngehalt, sowie im Molybdän - bzw. Sauerstoffgehalt auf. Diese Tatsache konnte durch Mößbaueruntersuchungen am Pulver von Sn1-xMo4-yO6-2y bestätigt werden. Eine Lösung der Struktur von Sn1-xMo4-yO6-2y war bisher nicht möglich. Die thermodynamischen Daten der Phasen SnMo2O8 und SnMo4O6 (vereinfacht für Sn1-xMo4-yO6-2y) konnten theoretisch abgeleitet werden. Das Zustandsdiagramm Sn - Mo - O wurde berechnet. Die Überprüfung der Daten erfolgte durch die Berechnung der Bodenkörper - Gasphasengleichgewichte mit dem Programm TRAGMIN. Mit den abgeleiteten Daten wurden Berechnungen zum chemischen Transportverhalten durchgeführt. Dabei wurde gefunden, dass sich die Phase Sn1-xMo4-yO6-2y über chemischen Transport abscheiden lässt. Das Phasendiagramm Pb - Mo - O wurde bis 1000°C experimentell abgeleitet. Die Phasen PbMoO4 und Pb2MoO5 konnten als einphasige Pulver hergestellt werden. Die Phase Pb0,75Mo4O6 konnte über chemischen Transport einkristallin abgeschieden werden. Beim Erhitzen auf 1250°C wurde die Zersetzung dieser Phase in die Phase PbMo5O8 und Mo beobachtet. Die thermodynamischen Daten der Phasen PbMoO4, Pb2MoO5, Pb5MoO8 und Pb0,75Mo4O6 konnten theoretisch abgeleitet werden. Das Zustandsdiagramm Pb - Mo - O wurde berechnet. Im Verlauf der Rechnungen wurde das Zustandsdiagramm PbO - MoO3 mit dem Programm CHEMSAGE berechnet und mit den Literaturdaten verglichen. Die Überprüfung der Daten erfolgte durch die Berechnung der Bodenkörper - Gasphasengleichgewichte mit dem Programm TRAGMIN. Mit den abgeleiteten Daten wurden Berechnungen zum chemischen Transportverhalten durchgeführt. Dabei wurde gefunden, dass sich die Phase Pb0,75Mo4O6 über chemischen Transport abscheiden lässt. Das Phasendiagramm Sb - Mo - O wurde bei 500°C bzw. 700°C experimentell abgeleitet. Im System existieren die Phasen Sb2MoO6 und Sb2Mo10O31. Sb2Mo10O31 konnte einphasig als Pulver hergestellt werden. Die Existenz einer Phase mit der Zusammensetzung Sb4Mo10O31 konnte nicht bestätigt werden. Es wurden Hinweise auf eine dritte ternäre Phase im System Sb - Mo - O gefunden. Die Phasen Sb2MoO6 und Sb2Mo10O31 konnten über chemischen Transport einkristallin dargestellt werden. Mößbaueruntersuchungen an Sb2Mo10O31 ergaben, dass in der Verbindung ausschliesslich dreiwertiges Sb vorliegt und somit Mo gemischtvalent sein muss. Die thermodynamischen Daten der Phasen Sb2MoO6 und Sb2Mo10O31 konnten theoretisch abgeleitet werden. Das Zustandsdiagramm Sb - Mo - O wurde berechnet. Die Überprüfung der Daten erfolgte durch die Berechnung der Bodenkörper - Gasphasengleichgewichte mit dem Programm TRAGMIN. Mit den abgeleiteten Daten wurden Berechnungen zum chemischen Transportverhalten durchgeführt. Dabei wurde gefunden, dass sich beide ternäre Phasen über chemischen Transport abscheiden lassen.

Molibdênio é um elemento traço envolvido na fixação de nitrogênio, enxofre e carbono. Oligopeptídeos estão envolvidos na nutrição bacteriana e diversos outros processos de sinalização intercelular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o papel funcional das proteínas ligadoras dos sistemas de captação de molibdato (ModA) e oligopeptídeo (OppA) em Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri em condições in vitro e in vivo. O mutante ModA mostrou uma produção diminuída de goma xantana, alteração do biofilme e adesão prejudicada em condições in vitro. In vivo a interação do mutante modA mostrou alterações nas lesões causadas em folhas de grapefruit possivelmente resultado da baixa expressão do gene gumB. O mutante na proteína OppA apresentou células mais co-agregadas alterando a estrutura do biofilme e consequentemente diminuindo sua capacidade de adesão. In vivo, a linhagem mutante não alterou o fenótipo de patogenicidade, mas a sua capacidade de crescimento foi afetada no início da fase estacionária sugerindo que o sistema Opp desempenha um papel nutricional. / Molybdenum is a trace element involved in nitrogen fixation, sulfur and carbon. Oligopeptides are involved in bacterial nutrition and several other intercellular signaling processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional role of binding proteins of molybdate (ModA) and oligopeptide (OppA) uptake systems of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri in in vitro and in vivo conditions. ModA mutant showed a decreased production of xanthan gum, altered biofilm and adhesion impaired in vitro conditions. In vivo ModA mutant interaction showed changes in injuries on leaves of grapefruit possibly due to low expression of the gumB gene. The OppA mutant showed more cells co-aggregated by changing the structure of the biofilm and consequently reducing their capacity to adhere. In vivo, the mutant strain did not modify the phenotype of pathogenicity, but its ability for growth was affected at the early stationary phase suggesting that the Opp system plays a nutritional role.

In this thesis I present studies of some transport and spectroscopic properties for two di erent materials exhibiting large magnetoresistance. Both of these materials are oxides of transition metals, showing exotic magnetic and transport properties. Despite these similarities, they are very different in many other aspects. One of them is an oxide of Manganese, along with a rare-earth metal, and exhibits large magnetoresistance under certain conditions, when doped by an alkaline earth metal. They are known as doped rare-earth manganites. The other material, Sr2FeMoO6, exhibits large magnetoresistance in the parent compound, without any doping, but only in the polycrystalline state. The manganites, on the other hand, show magnetoresistance under appropriate conditions in both single crystal and in polycrystalline state. Moreover, manganites exhibit several Metal-Insulator Transitions (MIT) as a function of doping, temperature and magnetic field. Sr2FeMoO6, on the other hand, is usually always metallic. In the first chapter, a brief introduction is provided regarding different types of magnetoresistance (MR) phenomena observed in different materials, namely Anisotropic MR (AMR), Giant MR (GMR), Collosal MR (CMR), Tunneling MR (TMR), Powder MR (PMR) etc. Out of these, CMR and PMR are found in doped manganites, while Sr2FeMoO6 exhibits PMR only. Next, a brief overview of the structure, properties and theories for both of these materials is provided. For the case of doped manganites, a short introduction is given for a novel two-fluid hamiltonian (called l - b model) which was proposed recently by Ramakrishnan et. al.. This model reproduces several exotic transport and magnetic properties of manganites which were inexplicible by earlier theories. The model was solved within the Dynamical Mean Field Theory (DMFT) framework by Hassan et. al.. A brief description of this DMFT solution is given. Many of the DMFT results for this model have been used in the subsequent chapters. In the second chapter, the hysteresis behaviour of the magnetoresistance and the magnetization (M ) of powdered Sr2FeMoO6 is considered in detail. In a recent experi- ment by Sarma et. al., it was found that this material, when powdered exhibits an exotic variety of PMR. In ordinary PMR, the hysteresis behaviour of the MR is supposed to follow that of M, in the sense that the coercive fields should be identical in both cases. Also, the MR is supposed to be roughly proportional to the square of the magnetization. However, in the experiments by Sarma et. al. on cold-pressed Sr2FeMoO6 powder, it was observed that the M R did not appear to be determined purely by the magnetization. Rather, the coercive fields for the hysteresis of the MR was almost 6 times that of M . Moreover, the quantity M R/M2, instead of remaining constant with changing magnetic field, itself has a hysteresis loop. Apart from establishing the exotic nature of the PMR, the experiment also tries to determine whether the MR originates from intra-grain or inter-grain tunneling. In the second chapter we present a simple toy model to reproduce the experimental results, and provide theoretical explanations. A combination of Monte Carlo and transfer matrix methods are used to simulate the hysteresis behaviour of the M R as well as of M . We show that the observed data can be understood if it is as- sumed firstly that the MR arises predominantly from inter-grain rather than intra-grain tunneling, and that the inter-grain boundaries are themselves magnetic with a coercive field higher than that of the grains. In order to motivate the use of Monte Carlo method for studying hysteresis, a brief survey of main results obtained for some simple models using this technique is also provided. In the third chapter, we study the doping and temperature dependence of core-level photoemission spectra in doped rare-earth manganites. In some recent experiments on Strontium doped (LSMO) and Barium doped (LBMO) samples, it has been observed that the M n2p3/2 core-level spectra shows an intriguing spectral weight transfer over a range of several eV , as a function of doping (x) and temperature (T ), in the ferromagnetic metallic phase. Specifically, there appears a shoulder adjacent to the main peak on the side of lower binding energy, which increases in weight and intensity as the doping increases or the temperature decreases. In LSMO samples, another shoulder was noticed on the higher binding energy side also. Moreover, in data obtained from LBMO samples, the spectra at different temperatures was subtracted from the spectra at/above Tc, and then this difference spectrum was integrated. The integrated weight, when normalized by the weight at the lowest temperature, appears to follow the square of the measured magnetization almost exactly. In order to understand the experimental data, we extended the aforementioned l - b model to include a core-level, and the attractive interaction due to a core-hole on the local valence levels. The impurity problem arising in DMFT, consisting of a single impurity site coupled to a bath, was tailored for the photoemission problem, by including this extra core-level at the impurity site. The hybridization parameters for the bath were determined self-consistently from the DMFT, and then the single particle spectral function for the core-hole was determined. This spectral function is proportional to the photo emission intensity. We found that our calculations reproduced the observed spectral weight transfer as a function of x and T both in trends and in magnitude. The integrated difference spectra weight was found to follow the square of the DMFT magnetization, just as in the experiment. Linear discretization of the conduction bath was used for all the above-mentioned cases. In one particular case, a logarithmic discretization was also undertaken for comparison, and also to obtain the exponents of the edge singularities in the theoretical spectra. In the fourth chapter, the possibility of Anderson Localization in manganites is in- vestigated, using the l - b model. According to this model, a large fraction of the valence electrons are polaronically self-trapped even in the ferromagnetic metallic phase. Due to strong on-site Coulomb interaction, these polarons provide a strongly scattering background, which can localize the mobile-electron band states close to the band edges. Since the fraction of valence electrons which are truly mobile is small, hence the Fermi energy lies close to the lower band edge. Hence, there is a possibility of an Anderson Insulator phase where all charge carriers are localized. To investigate this, we studied the behaviour of the mobility edges as a function of doping. DMFT alone does not include the physics of localization. Hence, in order to obtain the mobility edges, we combined the DMFT results with the Self-consistent Theory of Localization (STL), using a simplified prescription called Potential Well Analogy (PWA) due to Economou et. al.. We found that there is indeed an Anderson Insulator phase in a certain region of doping, which would otherwise have been supposed to be metallic based on purely DMFT results. Finally, we have compared this result, obtained using effective field theories, with an actual real space simulation of the l - b model at T=0. In this case, the mobility edge trajectories were obtained by studying the Inverse Participation Ratio (IPR), as a function of band energy and doping. In the concluding chapter, the principal results presented in this thesis are summa- rized. The limitations of the approach or approximations used are discussed, and future possibilities for overcoming these limitations outlined.

Les mécanismes des réactions solide-solide sont présentés en tenant compte de la diffusion des défauts prédominants. Les lois cinétiques correspondantes sont données dans le cas de grains AO tapissés d'une poudre BO finement divisée. L'influence de la distribution granulométrie des grains AO_x de la répartition des particules BO à la surface de AO et de la composition du mélange sur la cinétique de formation du composé ABO₂ est examinée. Cette étude théorique a permis de comprendre le mécanisme de la synthèse CoMoO₄ à partir de Co₃O₄ et MoO₃ et d'interpréter les résultats expérimentaux obtenus (courbes cinétiques, influence du rayon des grains de MoO₃, composition du mélange, conductivité et mesures de P.T.E. sur CoMoO₄).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DjalmaRS.pdf: 1628891 bytes, checksum: d4993a3fdaeab8a1baca119c6780c3ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-01 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / This thesis has as objective presents a methodology to evaluate the behavior of the corrosion inhibitors sodium nitrite, sodium dichromate and sodium molybdate, as well as your mixture, the corrosion process for the built-in steel in the reinforced concrete, through different techniques electrochemical, as well as the mechanical properties of that concrete non conventional. The addition of the inhibitors was studied in the concrete in the proportions from 0.5 to 3.5 % regarding the cement mass, isolated or in the mixture, with concrete mixture proportions of 1.0:1.5:2.5 (cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate), superplasticizers 2.0 % and 0.40 water/cement ratio. In the modified concrete resistance rehearsals they were accomplished to the compression, consistence and the absorption of water, while to analyze the built-in steel in the concrete the rehearsals of polarization curves they were made. They were also execute, rehearsals of corrosion potential and polarization resistance with intention of diagnose the beginning of the corrosion of the armors inserted in body-of-proof submitted to an accelerated exhibition in immersion cycle and drying to the air. It was concluded, that among the studied inhibitors sodium nitrite , in the proportion of 2.0 % in relation to the mass of the cement, presented the best capacity of protection of the steel through all the studied techniques and that the methodology and the monitoring techniques used in this work, they were shown appropriate to evaluate the behavior and the efficiency of the inhibitors / Esta tese tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para avaliar o comportamento dos inibidores de corros?o nitrito de s?dio, molibdato de s?dio, dicromato de s?dio, bem como a suas misturas, no processo de corros?o para o a?o embutido no concreto armado, atrav?s de diferentes t?cnicas eletroqu?micas, bem como as propriedades mec?nicas desse concreto n?o convencional. Estudou-se a adi??o dos inibidores no concreto nas propor??es de 0,5 a 3,5 % em rela??o ? massa do cimento, isolados e em mistura, num tra?o 1,0:1,5:2,5 (cimento, areia e brita), superplastificante 2,0 % e rela??o ?gua/cimento 0,40. No concreto modificado foram realizados ensaios de resist?ncia ? compress?o, consist?ncia e a absor??o de ?gua, enquanto que para analisar o a?o embutido no concreto foram efetuados ensaios de curvas de polariza??o. Foram executados tamb?m ensaios de potencial de corros?o e resist?ncia de polariza??o com intuito de diagnosticar o in?cio da corros?o das armaduras inseridas em corpos-de-prova submetidos a uma exposi??o acelerada em ciclo de imers?o e secagem ao ar. Concluiu-se que, dentre os inibidores estudados, o nitrito de s?dio, na propor??o de 2,0 % em rela??o ? massa do cimento, apresentou a melhor capacidade de prote??o do a?o atrav?s de todas as t?cnicas estudadas e que a metodologia e as t?cnicas de monitoramento utilizadas neste trabalho mostraram-se adequadas para avaliar o comportamento e a efici?ncia dos inibidores

LIMA, Cleânio da Luz. Estudo espectroscópico de materiais: a mútipla aplicabilidade da espectroscopia Raman na caracterização de aminoácidos, molibidato e tungstato de sódio, e óxidos nanomoldados. 2011. 143 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2011. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-11-13T20:27:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_cllima.pdf: 6232743 bytes, checksum: c0525f4a943562b9a02c7976bc0aa766 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-11-13T20:37:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_cllima.pdf: 6232743 bytes, checksum: c0525f4a943562b9a02c7976bc0aa766 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-13T20:37:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_cllima.pdf: 6232743 bytes, checksum: c0525f4a943562b9a02c7976bc0aa766 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Structure determination of aminoacid (C5H9NO4), tungstate (Na2WO4) and molybdate (Na2MoO4), and MOx nanostructureed oxides was performed through Raman spectroscopy. L-glutamic acid was investigated by Raman spectroscopy with the aim of evaluating the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on their structural and vibrational properties. The nanocrystalline samples were obtained by slow evaporation method; and two polymorphic phases were produced. To identify the abovementioned phases, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DSC), infrared spectra (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy experiments were performed. The latter was decisive to distinguish the two phases formed, and was complementary to XRD. When high pressures were applied, modifications in the L-glutamic acid structure were observed. Such a modification was due to vibrational and changes in the wavenumber versus pressure curves. These modifications evidenced that the β-phase of the crystal had four structural phase transitions from room pressure to 21.5 GPa; for α-phase crystal, there structural phase transitions from room pressure to 7.5 GPa. Decompression to room pressure provided the restored original spectra, which indicating that the phase transitions were reversible to the aforesaid phases. Variation of the temperature of the polycrystalline Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 was performed to obtain information about the structural change occurred the solids. Cubic phase stability of the Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 was verified and these studies indicated that the crystals maintained the cubic phase in the 8- 823 K and 15 – 773 K range for Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 crystals, respectively; a first order transition phase was shown through the Raman modes behavior: the splitting of the new modes appeared below to 100 cm-1. These transitions were due to the disorders of MoO4 and WO4 sites from Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 structure, respectively. The structure determination of nanostructured oxides (monoxides and binary oxides) was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Nanoparticles mode of CeO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 as well as that of CeO2-ZrO2 and Ce0.08Zr0.2O2 were obtained. XRD analysis, textural and surface properties and Raman spectroscopy, being the latter responsible for a deeper understanding of the structural properties of the nanoparticles and nanostructure when applied as catalysts for glycerol dehydration to acrolein and 1-hydroxyacetone the solids were actives, and actively was related to the solids structure. / A elucidação da estrutura do aminoácido (C5H9NO4), molibidato (Na2MoO4) e tungstato (Na2WO4) de sódio, e óxidos nanomoldados (CeO2, ZrO2, TiO2 e Ce0,8Zr0,2O2) foi realizada através da espectroscopia Raman. O ácido L-glutâmico (C5H9NO4) foi investigado através de experimentos de espectroscopia Raman, visando avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da pressão hidrostática em suas propriedades estruturais e vibracionais. As amostras monocristalinas foram obtidas através do método de evaporação lenta, gerando duas fases. Para a identificação das referidas fases, foram realizados experimentos de difração de raios-X (DRX), análise térmica (DSC), espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FT-IR) e Raman. Esta última técnica foi decisiva para a distinção das duas fases, de modo a complementar o DRX. Quando o ácido L-glutâmico foi submetido a altas pressões, foram observado modificações em sua estrutura; tais modificações ocorridas foram no número de modos vibracionais e descontinuidade nas curvas número de onda vs pressão; as modificações evidenciaram que o cristal da fase β sofreu quatro transições de fase estruturais desde a pressão ambiente até 21,5 GPa. Para o cristal da fase α, observou-se três transições de fase estruturais, desde a pressão ambiente até 7,5 GPa. Na descompressão para a pressão ambiente, os espectros originais foram recuperados, indicando que as transições de fase são reversíveis, para as referidas fases α e β. Os experimentos de espectroscopia Raman com variação de temperatura dos materiais policristalinos Na2WO4 e Na2MoO4, foram realizados para se obter informações sobre a estabilidade estrutural destes sólidos. A estabilidade da fase cúbica dos sistemas Na2WO4 e Na2MoO4 foram verificadas e estes estudos indicaram que os cristais permanecem com tal fase no intervalo de 8-823 K e 15-773 K para Na2WO4 e Na2MoO4, respectivamente. Destaca-se, que sobre o cristal de Na2WO4 houve uma transição de fase em 898 K aproximadamente. O cristal de Na2MoO4, por outro lado, exibiu três transições de fase em altas temperaturas, 783-803 K, 823-913 K e 943-950 K. Em ambos os cristais as transições de fase são de primeira ordem, e evidênciadas pelo comportamento dos modos Raman: o splitting de novos modos abaixo de 100 cm-1. Estas transições foram relacionadas à inclinação e/ou rotações dos tetraedros WO4 e MoO4 que provocam uma desordem nos sítios WO4 e MoO4, os quais são constituintes da estrutura Na2WO4 e Na2MoO4, respectivamente. A elucidação da estrutura de óxidos nanoestruturados (monóxidos e óxidos binários) foi realizada por espectroscopia Raman. Nanopartículas constituídas de CeO2, ZrO2 e TiO2, bem como nanoestruturas constituídas por CeO2-ZrO2 e Ce0,8Zr0,2O2 foram obtidos. As análises de DRX, propriedades texturais e superficiais foram comparadas através da espectroscopia Raman, sendo que esta técnica possibilitou a compreensão das propriedades estruturais das nanopartículas e nanoestruturas. Os referidos sólidos mostram ser ativos quando aplicados como catalisadores na desidratação do glicerol a acroleina e 1-hidroxicetona, sendo a atividade catalítica relacionada à estrutura dos sólidos.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T17:08:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Ewerton Gewehr.pdf: 999222 bytes, checksum: f1b7c9952c0b914fad5652702ae2a3c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T11:50:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Ewerton Gewehr.pdf: 999222 bytes, checksum: f1b7c9952c0b914fad5652702ae2a3c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T11:52:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Ewerton Gewehr.pdf: 999222 bytes, checksum: f1b7c9952c0b914fad5652702ae2a3c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T12:00:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final Ewerton Gewehr.pdf: 999222 bytes, checksum: f1b7c9952c0b914fad5652702ae2a3c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o efeito da aplicação do molibdênio associado ao inoculante via tratamento de sementes em soja e sua função nos caracteres agronômicos, qualidade fisiológica e atividade da enzima nitrato redutase. O experimento foi em delineamento de blocos casualizados em um modelo bifatorial com quatro repetições, onde o primeiro fator de tratamento foram as doses de molibdênio (Mo) utilizando como fonte molibdato de Sódio (solução 127g.L-1). As doses que constituíram os tratamentos foram: zero; 16; 32; 48; 64 g.100kg-1 de sementes combinadas com o segundo fator de tratamento que foi a presença e a ausência de inoculante, via tratamento de sementes em soja, no período de safra 2013/2014. No primeiro trabalho o experimento foi conduzido até a fase de maturação de campo, sendo posteriormente realizado a avalição dos caracteres agronômicos e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas. No segundo trabalho, durante a condução do experimento, foram realizadas coletas de folhas em diferentes estádios fenológicos para avaliação da atividade de enzima nitrato redutase. Os resultados das analise da atividade da nitrato redutase foi correlacionada com os dados de caracteres agronômicos e de qualidade fisiológica de sementes obtidos no primeiro capitulo. No primeiro trabalho, verificou-se, que a adição de inoculante proporciona uma melhora na qualidade fisiológica de sementes, em relação ao vigor das sementes produzidas, evidenciado uma maior porcentagem no teste de envelhecimento acelerado, além de proporcionar um aumento no comprimento e massa seca de parte aérea e de raiz. Também influenciou positivamente na altura de planta, numero de legumes por planta, numero de sementes por planta e peso de mil sementes. As sementes produzidas mediante a aplicação de molibdênio na semeadura, também promoveu benefícios no vigor das sementes, contribuindo para um crescimento linear do comprimento e massa seca de parte aérea e raiz, conforme o aumento da dose. Além disso, o aumento da dose de molibdênio afetou de forma benéfica os caracteres agronômicos, comprovando um maior peso de mil semente ao final do ciclo da cultura, e uma maior altura de planta. No segundo trabalho, verificou-se que o molibdênio com a presença de inoculante influencia positivamente na atividade da enzima nitrato redutase, tanto no estádio vegetativo como no reprodutivo. As doses de molibdênio sem a presença do inoculante proporcionam um aumento crescente da atividade da enzima nitrato redutase ate a maior dose (64 g Mo. 100 kg-1 de semente). A atividade da enzima nitrato redutase apresenta uma correlação positiva com os testes de vigor e com os caracteres agronômicos. / The objectives of this work were to analyze and compare the effects of molybdenum associated with inoculant as seed treatment in soybeans and its role in agronomic performance, physiological quality and nitrate reductase enzymeactivity . The experiment was arranged with in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were set up in a factorial design, where the first treatment factor were the doses of molybdenum (Mo) from source of sodium molybdate (127g.L-1 solution). The following doses were used: zero; 16; 32; 48; 64 g.100kg-1 and these doses were combined with the second seed treatment factor. Therefore, the second factor was the presence and absence of inoculant via soybean seed treatment in the crop season 2013/2014. In the first study, the experiment was conducted until crop maturation phase, and subsequently were performed evaluation of agronomic performance and physiological seed quality. In the second study, during the experiment, leaf samples were taken at different growth stages to evaluate the nitrate reductase enzyme activity. The results of nitrate reductase activity were correlated with the data of agronomic performance and physiological quality of seeds obtained in the first chapter. In the first study, it was found that the addition of inoculant provides an improvement in the physiological quality of seed vigor compared to seeds produced, increase percentage of germinated seeds in the accelerated aging test as well as providing an increase in the length and mass of shoot and root. Also had a positive effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, seed number per plant and thousand seed weight. The seeds produced by molybdenum application at sowing also promoted benefits in seed vigor, contributing to a linear increase in length and dry weight of shoot and root, with increasing dose. Furthermore, increasing doses of molybdenum provide beneficial effects on agronomic characters, showing a higher thousand seed weight at the end of the cycle, and a larger plant height. In the second study, it was found that molybdenum in the presence of inoculant show positive influence on the nitrate reductase enzyme activity in the vegetative and reproductive stages. The molybdenum doses without the presence of inoculant provide a growing increase in nitrate reductase activity up to the highest dose (64 g Mo. 100 kg-1 seed). The nitrate reductase activity show a positive correlation with vigor tests and agronomic characters.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A elucidaÃÃo da estrutura do aminoÃcido (C5H9NO4), molibidato (Na2MoO4) e tungstato (Na2WO4) de sÃdio, e Ãxidos nanomoldados (CeO2, ZrO2, TiO2 e Ce0,8Zr0,2O2) foi realizada atravÃs da espectroscopia Raman. O Ãcido L-glutÃmico (C5H9NO4) foi investigado atravÃs de experimentos de espectroscopia Raman, visando avaliar os efeitos da aplicaÃÃo da pressÃo hidrostÃtica em suas propriedades estruturais e vibracionais. As amostras monocristalinas foram obtidas atravÃs do mÃtodo de evaporaÃÃo lenta, gerando duas fases. Para a identificaÃÃo das referidas fases, foram realizados experimentos de difraÃÃo de raios-X (DRX), anÃlise tÃrmica (DSC), espectroscopia na regiÃo do infravermelho (FT-IR) e Raman. Esta Ãltima tÃcnica foi decisiva para a distinÃÃo das duas fases, de modo a complementar o DRX. Quando o Ãcido L-glutÃmico foi submetido a altas pressÃes, foram observado modificaÃÃes em sua estrutura; tais modificaÃÃes ocorridas foram no nÃmero de modos vibracionais e descontinuidade nas curvas nÃmero de onda vs pressÃo; as modificaÃÃes evidenciaram que o cristal da fase β sofreu quatro transiÃÃes de fase estruturais desde a pressÃo ambiente atà 21,5 GPa. Para o cristal da fase α, observou-se trÃs transiÃÃes de fase estruturais, desde a pressÃo ambiente atà 7,5 GPa. Na descompressÃo para a pressÃo ambiente, os espectros originais foram recuperados, indicando que as transiÃÃes de fase sÃo reversÃveis, para as referidas fases α e β. Os experimentos de espectroscopia Raman com variaÃÃo de temperatura dos materiais policristalinos Na2WO4 e Na2MoO4, foram realizados para se obter informaÃÃes sobre a estabilidade estrutural destes sÃlidos. A estabilidade da fase cÃbica dos sistemas Na2WO4 e Na2MoO4 foram verificadas e estes estudos indicaram que os cristais permanecem com tal fase no intervalo de 8-823 K e 15-773 K para Na2WO4 e Na2MoO4, respectivamente. Destaca-se, que sobre o cristal de Na2WO4 houve uma transiÃÃo de fase em 898 K aproximadamente. O cristal de Na2MoO4, por outro lado, exibiu trÃs transiÃÃes de fase em altas temperaturas, 783-803 K, 823-913 K e 943-950 K. Em ambos os cristais as transiÃÃes de fase sÃo de primeira ordem, e evidÃnciadas pelo comportamento dos modos Raman: o splitting de novos modos abaixo de 100 cm-1. Estas transiÃÃes foram relacionadas à inclinaÃÃo e/ou rotaÃÃes dos tetraedros WO4 e MoO4 que provocam uma desordem nos sÃtios WO4 e MoO4, os quais sÃo constituintes da estrutura Na2WO4 e Na2MoO4, respectivamente. A elucidaÃÃo da estrutura de Ãxidos nanoestruturados (monÃxidos e Ãxidos binÃrios) foi realizada por espectroscopia Raman. NanopartÃculas constituÃdas de CeO2, ZrO2 e TiO2, bem como nanoestruturas constituÃdas por CeO2-ZrO2 e Ce0,8Zr0,2O2 foram obtidos. As anÃlises de DRX, propriedades texturais e superficiais foram comparadas atravÃs da espectroscopia Raman, sendo que esta tÃcnica possibilitou a compreensÃo das propriedades estruturais das nanopartÃculas e nanoestruturas. Os referidos sÃlidos mostram ser ativos quando aplicados como catalisadores na desidrataÃÃo do glicerol a acroleina e 1-hidroxicetona, sendo a atividade catalÃtica relacionada à estrutura dos sÃlidos. / Structure determination of aminoacid (C5H9NO4), tungstate (Na2WO4) and molybdate (Na2MoO4), and MOx nanostructureed oxides was performed through Raman spectroscopy. L-glutamic acid was investigated by Raman spectroscopy with the aim of evaluating the effect of the hydrostatic pressure on their structural and vibrational properties. The nanocrystalline samples were obtained by slow evaporation method; and two polymorphic phases were produced. To identify the abovementioned phases, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DSC), infrared spectra (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy experiments were performed. The latter was decisive to distinguish the two phases formed, and was complementary to XRD. When high pressures were applied, modifications in the L-glutamic acid structure were observed. Such a modification was due to vibrational and changes in the wavenumber versus pressure curves. These modifications evidenced that the β-phase of the crystal had four structural phase transitions from room pressure to 21.5 GPa; for α-phase crystal, there structural phase transitions from room pressure to 7.5 GPa. Decompression to room pressure provided the restored original spectra, which indicating that the phase transitions were reversible to the aforesaid phases. Variation of the temperature of the polycrystalline Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 was performed to obtain information about the structural change occurred the solids. Cubic phase stability of the Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 was verified and these studies indicated that the crystals maintained the cubic phase in the 8- 823 K and 15 â 773 K range for Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 crystals, respectively; a first order transition phase was shown through the Raman modes behavior: the splitting of the new modes appeared below to 100 cm-1. These transitions were due to the disorders of MoO4 and WO4 sites from Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 structure, respectively. The structure determination of nanostructured oxides (monoxides and binary oxides) was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Nanoparticles mode of CeO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 as well as that of CeO2-ZrO2 and Ce0.08Zr0.2O2 were obtained. XRD analysis, textural and surface properties and Raman spectroscopy, being the latter responsible for a deeper understanding of the structural properties of the nanoparticles and nanostructure when applied as catalysts for glycerol dehydration to acrolein and 1-hydroxyacetone the solids were actives, and actively was related to the solids structure.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-03T20:30:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Douglas Carlos de Sousa Silva - 2017.pdf: 3036182 bytes, checksum: c02aa9da97c239bf3b1954923b5ee8a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-04T11:06:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Douglas Carlos de Sousa Silva - 2017.pdf: 3036182 bytes, checksum: c02aa9da97c239bf3b1954923b5ee8a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T11:06:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Douglas Carlos de Sousa Silva - 2017.pdf: 3036182 bytes, checksum: c02aa9da97c239bf3b1954923b5ee8a0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Nanostructured materials, such as: Ag2MoO4 and ZnO are of great importance because they have unique characteristics and properties, and can be applied in sensors, catalysis, photoluminescence, among other applications. In this work, the Ag2MoO4 and ZnO powders were synthesized separately and in the form of heterostructures, by two different routes, coprecipitation (CP), at room temperature and coprecipitation with subsequent microwave assisted hydrothermal treatment (CPMAHT), at 130 ° C for 30 min, with a heating rate of 10 ° C / min. The heterostructures composed of both materials, Ag2MoO4 and ZnO present in molar proportions ranging from 0.25-2.00%, were synthesized by coprecipitation with subsequent sonochemical processing (CPSP). The Ag2MoO4 samples were obtained with pure cubic phase of spinel type with crystallite size of 143 nm for the sample obtained by CP and 90 nm for the sample obtained by CPTHAM. For the ZnO the hexagonal phase of the wurtzite type, with crystallite sizes of 19 and 49 nm, was obtained for the samples obtained by CP and CPTHAM, respectively. The phases of both Ag2MoO4 and ZnO were observed for the heterostructures obtained by CPSP. The structural and morphological characterization of the obtained materials was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The diffusion reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (DRS) was performed to determine the band gap values of the materials. The photoluminescent property was investigated by means of the photoluminescence spectroscopy (PHS) technique, with an improvement in the photoluminescent property of broadband for all the obtained heterostructures. It was also observed that the synergism of the Ag2MoO4 and ZnO materials in the heterostructures resulted in an improvement in the photocatalytic property, leading to a 90% discoloration of the rhodamine B dye in 90 min for the photocatalysis using the Ag2MoO4: 2 ZnO heterostructure. / Materiais nanoestruturados, tais como: o Ag2MoO4 e o ZnO são de grande importância por apresentarem características e propriedades únicas, podendo ser aplicados em sensores, catálise, fotoluminescência, dentre outras aplicações. Neste trabalho, os pós de Ag2MoO4 e ZnO foram sintetizados na sua forma pura por duas rotas diferentes, coprecipitação (CP) a temperatura ambiente e coprecipitação com posterior tratamento hidrotérmico assistido por microondas (CPTHAM), a 130 °C durante 30 min, com taxa de aquecimento de 10 °C/min. Heteroestruturas compostas por ambos os materiais, Ag2MoO4 e ZnO foram obtidas com proporções de 0,25; 0,50; 1 e 2 mols de ZnO para 1 mol de Ag2MoO4. Estas heteroestruturas foram sintetizadas por coprecipitação com posterior processamento sonoquímico (CPPS). As amostras de Ag2MoO4 foram obtidas com fase cúbica pura do tipo espinélio com tamanho de cristalito de 143 nm para a amostra obtida por CP e 90 nm para a amostra obtida por CPTHAM. Para o ZnO foi obtida a fase hexagonal do tipo wurtzita, com tamanhos de cristalito de 19 e 49 nm, para as amostras obtidas por CP e CPTHAM, respectivamente. Foram observadas ambas as fases, tanto do Ag2MoO4 quanto do ZnO para as heteroestruturas obtidas por CPPS. A caracterização estrutural e morfológica dos materiais obtidos foi realizada utilizando das técnicas de difração de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A espectroscopia de UV-Vis por reflectância difusa (ERD) foi realizada para determinação dos valores de “band gap” dos materiais. A propriedade fotoluminescente foi investigada por meio da técnica de espectroscopia de fotoluminescência (EFL), sendo observado uma melhora na propriedade fotoluminescente de banda larga para todas as heteroestruturas obtidas. Foi observado também que a sinergia dos materiais Ag2MoO4 e ZnO nas heteroestruturas resultou em uma melhora na propriedade fotocatalítica, levando a uma descoloração do corante rodamina B de 90 % em 90 min para a fotocatálise usando a heteroestrutura Ag2MoO4: 2 ZnO.

Molibdênio é um elemento traço envolvido na fixação de nitrogênio, enxofre e carbono. Oligopeptídeos estão envolvidos na nutrição bacteriana e diversos outros processos de sinalização intercelular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o papel funcional das proteínas ligadoras dos sistemas de captação de molibdato (ModA) e oligopeptídeo (OppA) em Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri em condições in vitro e in vivo. O mutante ModA mostrou uma produção diminuída de goma xantana, alteração do biofilme e adesão prejudicada em condições in vitro. In vivo a interação do mutante modA mostrou alterações nas lesões causadas em folhas de grapefruit possivelmente resultado da baixa expressão do gene gumB. O mutante na proteína OppA apresentou células mais co-agregadas alterando a estrutura do biofilme e consequentemente diminuindo sua capacidade de adesão. In vivo, a linhagem mutante não alterou o fenótipo de patogenicidade, mas a sua capacidade de crescimento foi afetada no início da fase estacionária sugerindo que o sistema Opp desempenha um papel nutricional. / Molybdenum is a trace element involved in nitrogen fixation, sulfur and carbon. Oligopeptides are involved in bacterial nutrition and several other intercellular signaling processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional role of binding proteins of molybdate (ModA) and oligopeptide (OppA) uptake systems of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri in in vitro and in vivo conditions. ModA mutant showed a decreased production of xanthan gum, altered biofilm and adhesion impaired in vitro conditions. In vivo ModA mutant interaction showed changes in injuries on leaves of grapefruit possibly due to low expression of the gumB gene. The OppA mutant showed more cells co-aggregated by changing the structure of the biofilm and consequently reducing their capacity to adhere. In vivo, the mutant strain did not modify the phenotype of pathogenicity, but its ability for growth was affected at the early stationary phase suggesting that the Opp system plays a nutritional role.