Yes / Ice cover formed on a river surface is a common natural phenomenon during winter season in cold high latitude northern regions. For the ice-covered river with compound cross-section, the interaction of the turbulence caused by the ice cover and the channel bed bottom affects the transverse mass and momentum exchange between the main channel and floodplains. In this study, laboratory experiments are performed to investigate the turbulent flow of a compound channel with shore ice covered on the floodplains. Results show that the shore ice resistance restricts the development of the water flow and creates a relatively strong shear layer near the edge of the ice-covered floodplain. The mean streamwise velocity in the main channel and on the ice-covered floodplains shows an opposite variation pattern along with the longitudinal distance and finally reaches the longitudinal uniformity. The mixing layer bounded by the velocity inflection point consists of two layers that evolve downstream to their respective fully developed states. The velocity inflection point and strong transverse shear near the interface in the fully developed profile generate the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and horizontal coherent vortices. These coherent vortices induce quasi-periodic velocity oscillations, while the dominant frequency of the vortical energy is determined through the power spectral analysis. Subsequently, quadrant analysis is used in ascertaining the mechanism for the lateral momentum exchange, which exhibits the governing contributions of sweeps and ejections within the vortex center. Finally, an eddy viscosity model is presented to investigate the transverse momentum exchange. The presented model is well validated through comparison with measurements, whereas the constants α and β appeared in the model need to be further investigated. / National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Grant Numbers: 52020105006, 11872285: State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science (WRHES), Wuhan University. Grant Number: 2018HLG01

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Amorim Morcelli.pdf: 6497029 bytes, checksum: dc18528fb50af62c652cb898b8f07d95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-09 / The present research aimed to apply in a Brazilian company in the educational segment, SENAC São Paulo, the indices developed by Eric Melse, in his article published in 2004 in the journal Balance Sheet using the concepts from accounting with the title momentum Accounting in three dimensions: the case for momentum, where he analyzed the data of company Robert Half International Incorporated during the period from 1987 to 2002, the research assessed the information generated by the momentum accounting as a tool of management accounting through the application of case study and justifies itself as possibility to present itself as a new tool of managerial decision-making, given its benefit to bring a different way of analyzing companies, adding new facts for the analysis of financial managers and thus collaborating with the decision-making is long or short term. The research work was conducted exploratory qualitatively. The data were collected through the company's accounting statements in the statement of the last 10 years from 2002 to 2012. The research concluded that the indices developed by Eric Melse Momentum accounting can contribute to managerial accounting / Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo aplicar em uma empresa brasileira do segmento educacional, o SENAC de São Paulo, os índices desenvolvidos por Eric Melse, em seu artigo publicado em 2004 na revista Balance Sheet, utilizando os conceitos da contabilidade momentum, intitulado Accounting in three dimensions: a case for momentum, em que analisou os dados da empresa Robert Half International Incorporated entre 1987 e 2002. A pesquisa avaliou as informações geradas pela contabilidade momentum, como instrumento de contabilidade gerencial, por meio da aplicação do estudo de caso. Este trabalho se justifica pela possibilidade de se apresentar como uma nova ferramenta gerencial de tomada de decisão, dado o seu benefício de trazer uma forma diferente de analisar as empresas, agregando novos fatos econômico-financeiros para a análise dos gestores, colaborando assim com a tomada de decisão, seja de longo ou curto prazo. O trabalho de pesquisa foi conduzido de forma qualitativa exploratória. Os dados foram coletados por meio dos demonstrativos contábeis da empresa no demonstrativo dos últimos 10 anos, de 2002 a 2012. Concluiu-se que os índices desenvolvidos por Eric Melse sobre a Contabilidade Momentum podem contribuir para a Contabilidade Gerencial

An experimental study on the application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to measure the deformation and strain of rotating blades is described. Commercial DIC software was used to obtain measurements on three different types of rotors with diameter ranging from 18 to 39 and with varying flexibility to explore applicability of the technique over a breadth of scales. The image acquisition was synchronized with the frequency of rotation such that images could be obtained at the same phase and the consistency of measurements was observed. Bending and twist distributions were extracted from the data with deformation as high as 0.4 measured with a theoretical accuracy of 0.0038 and span-wise resolution of 0.066. The technique was demonstrated to have many advantages including full-field high resolution results, non-intrusive measurement, and good accuracy over a range of scales. The span-wise deformation profiles from the DIC technique are used in conjunction with Blade Element Momentum Theory to calculate the thrust and power consumed by the rotor with rigid vi blades; results are comparable to load cell measurements albeit thrust is somewhat under-predicted and power is over-predicted. Overall, the correlation between DIC calculated thrust and BEMT approximations for comparable blades with constant pitch were within 12% through the onset of stall. Measurement of flexible blade deformation that would not have been possible with other techniques demonstrated the utility of the DIC method and helped to confirm predictions of flexible blade behavior. / text

Bakgrund & Problemformulering: Momentumeffekten på fondmarknaden är ett relativt outforskat område där dess existens på senare tid har blivit omtvistad. Eftersom kunskapen om pensionssparande och det svenska pensionssystemet är låg, samtidigt som de sociala skyddsnäten i samhället minskar är det viktigt att undersöka om momentumstrategier kan ge överavkastning för privatpersoners pensionssparande. Således ställs frågan: Kan momentumstrategier skapa överavkastning på fondmarknaden? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka momentumeffekten på fondmarknaden och om momentumstrategier kan utnyttjas av svenska pensionssparare för att skapa överavkastning i PPM-systemet. Metod: Uppsatsen har ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt och en deduktiv utgångspunkt tillämpas. För att undersöka momentumeffekten på fondmarknaden tillämpas en multipel regressionsanalys med Fama French-Trefaktormodell, samt Sharpekvot. Uppsatsens urval är PPM-fonder under perioden 2010-2017. Slutsatser: Uppsatsen finner inget statistiskt stöd för en momentumeffekt på fondmarknaden genom Fama French-Trefaktormodell. Detta är ett tecken på att fondmarknaden kan vara svagt effektiv då historisk information inte har kunnat användas för att skapa riskjusterad överavkastning. Uppsatsen finner således ingen momentumeffekt för fondmarknaden efter finanskrisen 2008, trots att en momentumeffekt har kunnat påvisas dessförinnan inom tidigare forskning. Med hänsyn till det har författarna anledning att misstänka att marknadens effektivitet kan variera, vilket skulle kunna förklaras av den Adaptiva Marknadshypotesen. / Background & Problem: The momentum effect in the fund market is relatively unexplored were its existence has been controversial. Due to the lack of knowledge in retirement savings and the Swedish Premium Pension Agency system, alongside the weakening of a social safety net, it is important to examine if momentum strategies give excess returns and can be used for retirement savings. Therefore, the authors question: Do momentum strategies give excess returns in the fund market? Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to examine the momentum effect in the fund market and if momentum strategies can be used to create excess return in the Premium Pension Agency system. Method: The thesis takes a deductive research approach with a quantitative methodology. To examine the momentum effect in the fund market, a multiple regression analysis model from Fama French-Three factor model is applied, and the Sharpe ratio. The sample for the study is Swedish Premium Pension Agency funds, which is examined over the period of 2010-2017. Conclusions: The thesis does not find support for a momentum effect in the fund market through the Fama French-Three factor model. This indicates that the fund market is weak form efficient, as historical information cannot be used to create risk adjusted excess return. Thus, the thesis does not find a momentum effect for the fund market after the financial crisis in 2008, even though a momentum effect is proven to exist before then. In view of this, the authors have reason to suspect the market efficiency to vary, which could be explained by the Adaptive Market Hypothesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:15:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaCS_DISSERT.pdf: 3176095 bytes, checksum: 698fc04621ae821b481850e332892a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Since Michel Mayor and his student Didier Queloz s pioneer announcement, in 1995, of the existence of a planet orbiting the star 51 Peg, up to present date, 695 extrasolar planets orbiting stars of spectral type F, G, K and M have been discovered. A study on the behavior of the total angular momentum of the planetary systems known up to present date becomes relevant when we know that about 98% of the angular momentum of the solar system is associated with the planets, although they represent only 0.15 percent of the mass of the whole system. In this dissertation we study the behavior of stellar angular momentum, orbital angular momentum and total angular momentum in a sample of 282 stars harboring planets, including 40 multiple systems. We observed that planetary systems containing more than one known planet have both higher orbital angular momentum and total angular momentum compared to those who have only one planet. This analysis shows that multiplanet systems tend to have higher momenta, suggesting that the planets in such systems that contribute to the greater portion momenta have been found. Thus, planetary systems with lower values for the momenta represent the best candidates to the discovery of new planets / Desde o anuncio pioneiro de Michel Mayor e seu ent?o estudante Didier Queloz, em 1995, da exist?ncia de um planeta orbitando a estrela 51 Peg, at? a presente data, 695 planetas extrasolares foram descobertos, orbitando estrelas do tipo espectral F, G, K e M. Um estudo sobre o comportamento do momentum angular total dos sistemas planet?rios, conhecidos at? o momento, torna-se relevante quando conhecemos que cerca de 98% do momentum angular do Sistema Solar est? associado aos planetas, embora esses representem apenas 0,15% da massa de todo o Sistema. Na presente disserta??o de mestrado estudamos o comportamento do momentum angular estelar, do momentum angular orbital e do momentum angular total numa amostra de 282 estrelas, abrigando planetas, incluindo 40 sistemas multiplos. Observamos que os sistemas planet?rios contendo mais de 1 planeta conhecido possuem tanto momentum angular orbital quanto momentum angular total mais elevado, comparado ?queles sistemas que possuem apenas 1 planeta. Esta an?lise mostra que sistemas planet?rios m?ltiplos tendem a ter momenta mais elevado, sugerindo que em tais sistemas os planetas que contribuem com maior parcela para o momenta j? foram descobertos. Sendo assim, sistemas planet?rios com menores valores para o momenta representam melhores candidatos para a descoberta de novos planetas

The de Broglie-Bohm (BB) approach to quantum mechanics gives trajectories similar to classical trajectories except that they are also determined by a quantum potential. The quantum potential is a "fictitious potential" in the sense that it is part of the quantum kinetic energy. We use quantum trajectories to treat quantum chaos in a manner similar to classical chaos. For the kicked rotor, which is a bounded system, we use the Benettin et al. method to calculate both classical and quantum Lyapunov exponents as a function of control parameter K and find chaos in both cases. Within the chaotic sea we find in both cases nonchaotic stability regions for K equal to multiples of π. For even multiples of π the stability regions are associated with classical accelerator mode islands and for odd multiples of π they are associated with new oscillator modes. We examine the structure of these regions. Momentum diffusion of the quantum kicked rotor is studied with both BB and standard quantum mechanics (SQM). A general analytical expression is given for the momentum diffusion at quantum resonance of both BB and SQM. We obtain agreement between the two approaches in numerical experiments. For the case of nonresonance the quantum potential is not zero and must be included as part of the quantum kinetic energy for agreement. The numerical data for momentum diffusion of classical kicked rotor is well fit by a power law DNβ in the number of kicks N. In the anomalous momentum diffusion regions due to accelerator modes the exponent β(K) is slightly less than quadratic, except for a slight dip, in agreement with an upper bound (K2/2)N2. The corresponding coefficient D(K) in these regions has three distinct sections, most likely due to accelerator modes with period greater than one. We also show that the local Lyapunov exponent of the classical kicked rotor has a plateau for a duration that depends on the initial separation and then decreases asymptotically as O(t-1lnt), where t is the time. This behavior is consistent with an upper bound that is determined analytically.

Portfolio strategies focusing on following the trend, so called momentum based strategies, have been popular for a long time among investors and have had many academic studies, however with varying results. This study sets out to investigate different momentum trading signals as well as combining them in ensemble models such as Random Forest and the unique Dim Switch portfolio and then compare them to set benchmarks. Only one of the benchmarks, the 100% equity portfolio, is found to have better returns than the constructed momentum based strategies, however the momentum based strategies show a lot of potential with high risk-adjusted returns and good performance with regards to Expected Shortfall, Value at Risk and Maximum Drawdown. The most common momentum trading signal, the momentum rule with 9 months lookback, was found to have the highest risk-adjusted returns compared to both the benchmarks and the ensemble models, but it was also found to have slightly heavier left tail than the ensemble models. / Portföljstrategier som baserar sig på att följa trenden, så kallade momentumstrategier, har varit populära länge bland investerare. Många akademiska studier har gjorts om ämnet med varierande resultat. Denna studie utreder olika trendsignaler och kombinerar dem för att forma så kallade ensemble modeller, mer specifikt Random Forest och den unika "Dim Switch"-approachen, för att sedan jämföra dessa strategier mot benchmark portföljer. Endast en av benchmark portföljerna, 100% aktier i en ''buy and hold''-portfölj hade bättre avkastning än de momentumbaserade ensemble modellerna i studien. Däremot har momentumbaserade ensemble modellerna högre riskjusterad avkastning, Expected Shortfall, Value at Risk och Maximum drawdown. Den mest återkommande trendsignalen ''Momentum rule'' med nio månaders lookback hade extremt hög riskjusterad avkastning jämfört med benchmarks och ensemble modellerna, men det kom med kostnaden av högre risker i svansen.

Correlated stocks should, in equilibrium, have correlated momenta, but in practice momenta do not always correlate. We use short-term inconsistencies between correlations and momenta to predict price corrections, produce more meaningful investment indicators, and improve upon accepted investing strategies. In particular, our approaches integrate inconsistencies within an entire security class rather than relying only on individual or pairwise security data. We use this theory to improve upon not only the standard momentum portfolio but also Pair Trading and Momentum Reversion methods. This results in three strategies for portfolio allocation that outperforms overlying indices and market benchmarks by 5%-10% in annual gain with an increase of CAPM alpha over the standard momentum portfolio from -0.1 to 5.4. We expand on these strategies by showing applications generalized to comparable investing indicators including volatility.

To address key challenges for both quantum communication and quantum computing applications in a simultaneous manner, we propose to employ the photon angular momentum approach by invoking the well-known fact that photons carry both the spin angular momentum (SAM) and the orbital angular momentum (OAM). SAM is associated with polarization, while OAM is associated with azimuthal phase dependence of the complex electric field. Given that OAM eigenstates are mutually orthogonal, in principle, an arbitrary number of bits per single photon can be transmitted. The ability to generate/analyze states with different photon angular momentum, by using either holographic or interferometric methods, allows the realization of quantum states in multidimensional Hilbert space. Because OAM states provide an infinite basis state, while SAM states are 2-D only, the OAM can also be used to increase the security for quantum key distribution (QKD) applications and improve computational power for quantum computing applications. The goal of this paper is to describe photon angular momentum based deterministic universal quantum qudit gates, namely, {generalized-X, generalized-Z, generalized-CNOT} qudit gates, and different quantum modules of importance for various applications, including (fault-tolerant) quantum computing, teleportation, QKD, and quantum error correction. For instance, the basic quantum modules for quantum teleportation applications include the generalized-Bell-state generation module and the QFT-module. The basic quantum module for quantum error correction and fault-tolerant computing is the nonbinary syndrome calculator module. The basic module for entanglement assisted QKD is either the generalized-Bell-state generation module or the Weyl-operator-module. The possibility of implementing all these modules in integrated optics is discussed as well. Finally, we provide security analysis of entanglement assisted multidimensional QKD protocols, employing the proposed qudit modules, by taking into account the imperfect generation of OAM modes.

This thesis examines the response of a representative agent investor to sequences (streaks) of quarterly earnings surprises over a period of twelve quarters using the United States S&P500 constituent companies sample frame in the years 1991 to 2006. This examination follows the predictive performance of the representative agent model of Rabin (2002b) [Inference by believers in the law of small numbers. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 117(3).p.775 816] and Barberis, Shleifer, and Vishny (1998) [A model of investor sentiment. Journal of Financial Economics. 49. p.307 343] for an investor who might be under the influence of the law of small numbers, or another closely related cognitive bias known as the gambler s fallacy. Chapters 4 and 5 present two related empirical studies on this broad theme. In chapter 4, for successive sequences of annualised quarterly earnings changes over a twelve-quarter horizon of quarterly earnings increases or falls, I ask whether the models can capture the likelihood of reversion. Secondly, I ask, what is the representative investor s response to observed sequences of quarterly earnings changes for my S&P500 constituent sample companies? I find a far greater frequency of extreme persistent quarterly earnings rises (of nine quarters and more) than falls and hence a more muted reaction to their occurrence from the market. Extreme cases of persistent quarterly earnings falls are far less common than extreme rises and are more salient in their impact on stock prices. I find evidence suggesting that information discreteness; that is the frequency with which small information about stock value filters into the market is one of the factors that foment earnings momentum in stocks. However, information discreteness does not subsume the impact of sequences of annualised quarterly earnings changes, or earnings streakiness as a strong candidate that drives earnings momentum in stock returns in my S&P500 constituent stock sample. Therefore, earnings streakiness and informational discreteness appear to have separate and additive effects in driving momentum in stock price. In chapter 5, the case for the informativeness of the streaks of earnings surprises is further strengthened. This is done by examining the explanatory power of streaks of earnings surprises in a shorter horizon of three days around the period when the effect of the nature of earnings news is most intense in the stock market. Even in shorter windows, investors in S&P500 companies seem to be influenced by the lengthening of negative and positive streaks of earnings surprises over the twelve quarters of quarterly earnings announcement I study here. This further supports my thesis that investors underreact to sequences of changes in their expectations about stock returns. This impact is further strengthened by high information uncertainties in streaks of positive earnings surprise. However, earnings streakiness is one discrete and separable element in the resolution of uncertainty around equity value for S&P 500 constituent companies. Most of the proxies for earnings surprise show this behaviour especially when market capitalisation, age and cash flow act as proxies of information uncertainty. The influence of the gambler s fallacy on the representative investor in the presence of information uncertainty becomes more pronounced when I examine increasing lengths of streaks of earnings surprises. The presence of post earnings announcement drift in my large capitalised S&P500 constituents sample firms confirms earnings momentum to be a pervasive phenomenon which cuts across different tiers of the stock markets including highly liquid stocks, followed by many analysts, which most large funds would hold.