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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Gráficos de controle com tamanho de amostra variável : classificando sua estratégia conforme sua destinação por intermédio de um estudo bibliométrico /

Caltabiano, Ana Maria de Paula January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Antonio Fernando Branco Costa / Resumo: Os gráficos de controle foram criados por Shewhart em torno de 1924. Desde então foram propostas muitas estratégias para melhorar o desempenho de tais ferramentas estatísticas. Dentre elas, destaca-se a estratégia dos parâmetros adaptativos, que deu origem a uma linha de pesquisa bastante fértil. Uma de suas vertentes está voltada ao gráfico de tamanho da amostra variável, que depende da posição do ponto amostral atual. Se ele está perto da linha central, a próxima amostra será pequena. Se ele está distante, mas ainda não na região de ação, a próxima amostra será grande. Este esquema de amostragem com tamanho de amostra variável se tornou conhecido com esquema VSS (variable sample size). Esta dissertação revisa os trabalhos da área de monitoramento de processos que tem como foco principal os esquemas VSS de amostragem. Foi feita uma revisão sistemática da literatura, por intermédio de uma análise bibliométrica do período de 1980 a 2018 com o objetivo de classificar a estratégia VSS, segundo sua destinação, por exemplo, os gráficos de com parâmetros conhecidos e observação independente. As destinações foram divididas em dez classes: I – tipo de VSS ; II – tipo de monitoramento; III – número de variáveis sob monitoramento; IV – tipo de gráfico; V – parâmetros do processo; VI – regras de sinalização; VII – natureza do processo; VIII – tipo de otimização; IX – modelo matemático das propriedades do gráfico; X – tipo de produção. A conclusão principal deste estudo foi que nas class... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre
2

A low-cost photonic method for monitoring different production processes involving contaminating materials using Fourier-Transform Raman spectroscopy / Une méthode photonique à faible coût pour le suivi des processus de production impliquant des matières contaminantes en utilisant spectroscopie Raman à transformée de Fourier

Ortega Clavero, Valentin 11 July 2014 (has links)
Dans ce travail de thèse, un spectromètre FT-Raman a été développé dans l'intention de mesurer les substances dangereuses de manière propre et durable permettant à l'utilisateur un cout d'utilisation réduit (approche low cost). Dans ce but, le système FT- Raman a été développé en utilisant une combinaison originale de composants conventionnels d'optoméchatronique avec laquelle nous proposons une méthode d'évaluation du spectre. Ce système FT-Raman proposé n'inclut aucun composants spécialisé coûteux et permet la détection de la diffusion Raman et le suivi du chemin optique. Le dispositif a été testé lors d'analyses d'une série de composants chimiques standards largement utilisés dans la spectroscopie Raman (certains d'entre eux sont connus pour leur impact négatif sur la santé et l'environnement). Les résultats du spectre obtenus avec notre dispositif ont confirmé les valeurs signalées par le spectre Raman standard. Une comparaison des spectres avec des appareils commercialisés mesurant le FT-Raman a été également faite, et les résultats indiquent que notre combinaison de composants conventionnels et l'application de notre méthode d'évaluation peuvent être utilisées dans certaines surveillances d'applications demandant un haut degré de précision et la résolution sans toutefois présenter la charge financière que l'achat d'un instrument classique de mesure pourrait représenter. / In this doctoral research project, a Fourier Trasform Raman spectrometer (FT-Raman spectrometer) instrument has been developed with the intention to perform the monitoring of certain materials having a contaminating and harmful nature, in a clean and sustainable manner, and without significantly affecting the financial aspect of the user (low-cost approach). For this purpose, the proposed FT-Raman system has been developed by using an original combination of conventional hardware (optomechatronics) parts and a method that we propose for spectral evaluations. In this FT-Raman system that we propose no specialized and costly hardware parts for optical path compensation, Raman scattering detection, optical path tracking, etc. have been used. The proposed FT-Raman device has been tested by analyzing a series of chemical components widely used in Raman spectroscopy as standard reference materials (some of them are also known due to their negative impact on health or on environment). The resulting spectra obtained using our proposed device have greatly agreed with the values of the standard Raman spectra. A comparison with spectral outputs from state-of-the-art FT-Raman devices has been also performed. These results indicate that our ``flexible" combination of conventional hardware parts and the applied evaluation method that we propose can be used in certain monitoring applications requiring a high degree of frequency accuracy and spectral resolution, without having the burden of a considerable expenditure that such a non-dispersive "classical" instrument might represent.
3

AUTOMATED OPTIMAL FORECASTING OF UNIVARIATE MONITORING PROCESSES : Employing a novel optimal forecast methodology to define four classes of forecast approaches and testing them on real-life monitoring processes

Razroev, Stanislav January 2019 (has links)
This work aims to explore practical one-step-ahead forecasting of structurally changing data, an unstable behaviour, that real-life data connected to human activity often exhibit. This setting can be characterized as monitoring process. Various forecast models, methods and approaches can range from being simple and computationally "cheap" to very sophisticated and computationally "expensive". Moreover, different forecast methods handle different data-patterns and structural changes differently: for some particular data types or data intervals some particular forecast methods are better than the others, something that is usually not known beforehand. This raises a question: "Can one design a forecast procedure, that effectively and optimally switches between various forecast methods, adapting the forecast methods usage to the changes in the incoming data flow?" The thesis answers this question by introducing optimality concept, that allows optimal switching between simultaneously executed forecast methods, thus "tailoring" forecast methods to the changes in the data. It is also shown, how another forecast approach: combinational forecasting, where forecast methods are combined using weighted average, can be utilized by optimality principle and can therefore benefit from it. Thus, four classes of forecast results can be considered and compared: basic forecast methods, basic optimality, combinational forecasting, and combinational optimality. The thesis shows, that the usage of optimality gives results, where most of the time optimality is no worse or better than the best of forecast methods, that optimality is based on. Optimality reduces also scattering from multitude of various forecast suggestions to a single number or only a few numbers (in a controllable fashion). Optimality gives additionally lower bound for optimal forecasting: the hypothetically best achievable forecast result. The main conclusion is that optimality approach makes more or less obsolete other traditional ways of treating the monitoring processes: trying to find the single best forecast method for some structurally changing data. This search still can be sought, of course, but it is best done within optimality approach as its innate component. All this makes the proposed optimality approach for forecasting purposes a valid "representative" of a more broad ensemble approach (which likewise motivated development of now popular Ensemble Learning concept as a valid part of Machine Learning framework). / Denna avhandling syftar till undersöka en praktisk ett-steg-i-taget prediktering av strukturmässigt skiftande data, ett icke-stabilt beteende som verkliga data kopplade till människoaktiviteter ofta demonstrerar. Denna uppsättning kan alltså karakteriseras som övervakningsprocess eller monitoringsprocess. Olika prediktionsmodeller, metoder och tillvägagångssätt kan variera från att vara enkla och "beräkningsbilliga" till sofistikerade och "beräkningsdyra". Olika prediktionsmetoder hanterar dessutom olika mönster eller strukturförändringar i data på olika sätt: för vissa typer av data eller vissa dataintervall är vissa prediktionsmetoder bättre än andra, vilket inte brukar vara känt i förväg. Detta väcker en fråga: "Kan man skapa en predictionsprocedur, som effektivt och på ett optimalt sätt skulle byta mellan olika prediktionsmetoder och för att adaptera dess användning till ändringar i inkommande dataflöde?" Avhandlingen svarar på frågan genom att introducera optimalitetskoncept eller optimalitet, något som tillåter ett optimalbyte mellan parallellt utförda prediktionsmetoder, för att på så sätt skräddarsy prediktionsmetoder till förändringar i data. Det visas också, hur ett annat prediktionstillvägagångssätt: kombinationsprediktering, där olika prediktionsmetoder kombineras med hjälp av viktat medelvärde, kan utnyttjas av optimalitetsprincipen och därmed få nytta av den. Alltså, fyra klasser av prediktionsresultat kan betraktas och jämföras: basprediktionsmetoder, basoptimalitet, kombinationsprediktering och kombinationsoptimalitet. Denna avhandling visar, att användning av optimalitet ger resultat, där optimaliteten för det mesta inte är sämre eller bättre än den bästa av enskilda prediktionsmetoder, som själva optimaliteten är baserad på. Optimalitet reducerar också spridningen från mängden av olika prediktionsförslag till ett tal eller bara några enstaka tal (på ett kontrollerat sätt). Optimalitet producerar ytterligare en nedre gräns för optimalprediktion: det hypotetiskt bästa uppnåeliga prediktionsresultatet. Huvudslutsatsen är följande: optimalitetstillvägagångssätt gör att andra traditionella sätt att ta hand om övervakningsprocesser blir mer eller mindre föråldrade: att leta bara efter den enda bästa enskilda prediktionsmetoden för data med strukturskift. Sådan sökning kan fortfarande göras, men det är bäst att göra den inom optimalitetstillvägagångssättet, där den ingår som en naturlig komponent. Allt detta gör det föreslagna optimalitetstillvägagångssättetet för prediktionsändamål till en giltig "representant" för det mer allmäna ensembletillvägagångssättet (något som också motiverade utvecklingen av numera populär Ensembleinlärning som en giltig del av Maskininlärning).

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