The damping-off and stem rot disease syndrome is harmful to many cultivated crops. Damping-off and stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. on cowpea results in yield losses with serious socio-economic implications. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the occurrence of the diseases in Benin, study etiology and factors influencing the diseases, and develop strategies for the control of the diseases in the field. Results showed that the diseases are distributed countrywide. Sclerotium rolfsii was the main causal agent but minor pathogens, namely Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Phoma pomorum Thüm were also recorded. In the Ouémé valley, the diseases were favoured by soil moisture and S. rolfsii initial inoculum that were higher closer to the river. Sclerotium rolfsii isolates collected in the valley showed genetic diversity in terms of pathogenicity, mycelial compatibility groups and ITS rDNA sequences. A paper-based screening method was found to be a rapid laboratory method for screening for resistance in cowpea cultivars. Furtheremore, Moringa oleifera L. leaf extracts, Trichoderma Kd 63 and Trichoderma IITA 508 significantly reduced the disease incidence. The best disease control was recorded in the field when M. oleifera seed treatment was integrated with a soil sprinkle of Trichoderma. The present work provides information on damping-off and stem rot of cowpea in Benin and control strategies for ecologically sustainable cowpea production. / Thesis (DPhil (Microbiology and Plant Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Applied Science in Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / Introduction: South Africa, like many other developing countries, is challenged by malnutrition among children. Globally, the nutritional status of children is a cause for great concern. The nutritional shift towards diets laden with sugar, fat and salt contribute towards the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Snacking plays a pivotal role in the diets of children; however, the consumption of unhealthy snacks or ‘junk’ food poses a serious risk to a child’s nutritional well-being. Moringa oleifera was selected for snack food development in this study, as this plant is a significant source of nutrients. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the snacking preferences of children (grades 4-7 in four schools in Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, in order to develop a sensory acceptable snack enhanced with Moringa oleifera. Methodology: Two hundred primary school children between grades 4-7 were selected through stratified random sampling of schools in Verulam, KZN, South Africa through informed consent to participate in this study. In addition, ten parents/caregivers formed part of the preliminary study to determine the snacking habits of children in the selected grades. This information was reported in the form of themes. A Snack Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) was administered to children for the sole purpose of determining snacking preferences. This was supplemented by an observational study to assist with identifying the most frequent tuck shop purchases. Thereafter, once the top three snack items were identified, the main study continued with the development of a healthy snack, through three cooking trials before an appropriate product was developed. The final product was made using three different amounts of dried Moringa leaves (1g Moringa, 2g Moringa and 3g Moringa per 22g portion) in a maize chip. The developed product was then subjected to nutrient testing in order to determine the vitamin A, zinc, iron and calcium content of the three different variants. The carbohydrate, fat, energy and sodium values were calculated by using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) International standardised methods. Microbiological and shelf life testing were also conducted to ensure the chips were safe for human consumption. Consumer acceptance sensory evaluation was conducted among the children (n=100) to determine the most preferred amount of Moringa leaf in the snack food item (either 1g of Moringa or 2g Moringa). To determine which of the two variants (sample 1 containing 1g of Moringa and sample 2 containing 2g Moringa) was preferred, two variants of the product were sampled by the participants; samples were coded in order to prevent bias. Results: Overall, the results from the focus group study revealed that children consumed snacks frequently and were given money regularly to purchase snack items from the school tuck shop. Price was a trend noted in factors that affect snack selection. The parents/caregivers responded positively towards purchasing a snack that was nutrient-rich. However, it was noted that the price should be reasonable. Results of the SFFQ indicated that the most popular snack items were chips, cold drinks and sweets; therefore these items were reviewed to determine the most viable option for further development. It was decided by the researcher and the supervisor that chips would be the snack item enhanced with three different amounts of Moringa. The consumer acceptance sensory evaluation comprised two chip samples (123 and ABC). The results of the consumer acceptance sensory evaluation showed that sample ABC (2g Moringa/22g serving) was preferred to sample 123 (1g Moringa/22g serving) for most of the sensory attributes (taste and texture). The Moringa chips (both samples) contain almost half the amount of sodium (52.8mg) when compared to a popular corn chip brand (100mg). Moringa chips contained almost less than 1 gram of fat compared to 8 grams of fat found in the corn chips children usually consume. One portion (22g) of the Moringa chips contributes a significant amount of non-haem iron (57.89%, 48.25% and 35.61% for sample 1, 2 and 3 respectively) for females aged between 9-13 years old. Conclusion: Moringa chips (2g/22g serving) received a positive response from children in the sample population. The use of indigenous plants such as Moringa, could be beneficial in food based strategies aimed at addressing malnutrition. Recommendations: This study concluded that food based strategies such as the development of the Moringa chips, should be considered as a means to create a healthy option for children in low socio-economic schools. / M

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-12-04T18:01:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedro_manoel_araujo_santana.pdf: 1113895 bytes, checksum: aa89178214fa87d770781fc12019f31b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-04T18:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedro_manoel_araujo_santana.pdf: 1113895 bytes, checksum: aa89178214fa87d770781fc12019f31b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Industrial processes have historically been an important factor in environmental degradation. Improper disposal of industrial waste containing potentially toxic metals in water supplies is a major physical, biotic and anthropic problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of the ground seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. As an alternative material to synthetic biosorbents for removal of cadmium ions in water. Before and after the treatments were carried out chemical analysis according to official methodology. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson table chart with a significance level of 5% and correlation between variables. The results showed a better performance of the alternate method, employing pitcher for removing cadmium in water treatment under the following conditions: slightly basic pH (7.11); Contact time between pitcher and water was six hours; moringa one gram per liter of water. Under these conditions there was a reduction in the concentration of 70.28% cadmium proving that the alternative methodology in addition to being inexpensive, easy to perform, helps to minimize severe impacts that metal brings to people's health and the environment. / Os processos industriais têm sido historicamente um importante fator de degradação ambiental. A disposição inadequada de resíduos industriais contendo metais potencialmente tóxicos em fontes de águas representa um grande problema físico, biótico e antrópico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade adsortiva das sementes trituradas de Moringa oleifera Lam. como um material alternativo aos biossorventes sintéticos, para remoção de íons cádmio em águas. Antes e após os tratamentos foram realizadas determinações químicas de acordo com metodologia oficial. Os resultados foram analisados pela tabela ANOVA e o gráfico de Pearson com um nível de significância de 5 % e correlação entre as variáveis. Os resultados mostraram a melhor eficiência do método alternativo, empregando moringa, para remoção de cádmio, em tratamento de água nas seguintes condições: pH levemente básico (7,11); tempo de contato entre moringa e água de seis horas; um grama de moringa por litro de água. Nestas condições houve uma redução da concentração do cádmio de 70,28 % comprovando que a metodologia alternativa além de ser barata, de fácil execução, contribui para minimizar severos impactos que esse metal traz para a saúde das pessoas e para o ambiente.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-07-31T14:46:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 cleoneide_maria_nascimento_oliveira.pdf: 1019585 bytes, checksum: bddadf02f4c656ca1807ab68d3a5d526 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T14:46:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 cleoneide_maria_nascimento_oliveira.pdf: 1019585 bytes, checksum: bddadf02f4c656ca1807ab68d3a5d526 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-17 / Brazil is a country whose great potential for grain production has not yet been fully exploited. Corn is the most widespread and cultivated crop because it adapts to the most different ecosystems. Along with the effort to increase productivity, it is necessary to improve the harvesting process and the grain storage conditions. However, prolonged storage can only be achieved when harvesting, cleaning, drying and insect control practices are adopted correctly. The use of products applied through seeds, especially when stored, is a routine practice for the corn crop; However, growing concern about the environment and safety during the seed handling process has increased the demand for application technologies that allow risk reduction without compromising seed quality.Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of maize seeds submitted to treatments, with five replicates, with doses equivalent to zero; 0.5; 1; 2 and 4 grams of the Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder for each 10 grains of corn, with contact time corresponding to zero, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours, 30 days and 6 months. The determinations were: germination test, moisture, volumetric weight, weight of 1000 grains, ash, acidity index and fungi. The results obtained show that the physiological quality of the corn seeds with the application of Moringa oleifera Lam. on maize seeds is technically feasible and can be stored for up six months without compromising their physiological quality. / O Brasil é um país cujo grande potencial de produção de grãos ainda não foi plenamente explorado. O milho é a cultura mais amplamente difundida e cultivada, pois se adapta aos mais diferentes ecossistemas. Junto com o esforço para o aumento da produtividade, necessariamente há que se aprimorar o processo de colheita e as condições de armazenagem de grãos. Entretanto, o armazenamento prolongado só pode ser realizado quando se adotam corretamente as práticas de colheita, limpeza, secagem e combate a insetos. O uso de produtos aplicados via sementes, principalmente quando armazenados, é uma prática rotineira para a cultura do milho; no entanto, a crescente preocupação com o ambiente e com a segurança durante o processo de manipulação dessas sementes tem aumentado a demanda por tecnologias de aplicação que permitam a redução dos riscos, sem que a qualidade das sementes seja comprometida. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade físico-química de sementes de milho submetidas a tratamentos, com cinco repetições, com doses equivalentes a zero; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4 gramas do pó da semente da Moringa oleifera Lam. para cada 10 grãos de milho, com tempo de contato correspondente a zero, 2, 4, 6 e 24 horas, 30 dias e 6 meses. As determinações realizadas foram: teste de germinação, umidade, peso volumétrico, peso de 1000 grãos, cinzas e índice de acidez. Através dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que a qualidade das sementes de milho com a aplicação de Moringa oleifera Lam. é tecnicamente viável, podendo ser armazenadas por até seis meses, sem que haja comprometimento de sua qualidade fisiológica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaZampero-dissertacaocompleta.pdf: 820803 bytes, checksum: ec31de7b8b2d172d25dda29c7917c9ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / The use of biopolymers extracted from plants in the clotting process has several advantages compared with chemical salts. Among the advantages: low cost and variation in the nature of the alkalinity of the water in the process, because the sludge generated after treatment has lower volume compared with the sludge generated with the use of chemical constituents. The specific study of wastewater generated in the industry of glass quenching calls attention to the high rate of waste sludge. The effluent is a major concern regarding the disposal or reuse. In this case, the hardening process studied uses 110,000 liters of water per month, which generates 40 tons / month of solid waste and consequently large volumes of wastewater. During the study the objective was to check the behavior of Moringa oleifera seeds as natural coagulant in the effluent liquid from the glass industry and water reuse in the process. / O uso de biopolímeros extraídos de vegetais no processo de coagulação tem várias vantagens em comparação com os sais químicos. Dentre as vantagens, destaca-se o baixo custo e o fato que não existe variação na natureza da alcalinidade da água no processo, pois o lodo gerado após tratamento apresenta menor volume quando comparado com o lodo gerado com uso de constituintes químicos. O estudo dos efluentes líquidos gerados na indústria de têmpera de vidros chamou a atenção pelo alto índice de lodos residuais. Este efluente é a grande preocupação quanto ao seu descarte ou reuso. Neste caso, o processo de têmpera estudado utiliza 110 mil litros de água por mês, que gera 40 ton./mês de efluentes sólidos e consequentemente grande volume de efluente líquido. No decorrer do estudo objetivou-se verificar o comportamento das sementes de Moringa oleifera como coagulante natural no efluente líquido da indústria de vidros e reuso da água no processo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:07:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvaro Cesar Dias Alves.pdf: 1860253 bytes, checksum: fce25e3199fa4e1f2d24f3500c996153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the process of coagulation/ flocculation and coagulation/flocculation/adsorption combined process for treatment of liquid effluent from the electroplanting industry. Were used the moringa seed as a natural coagulant agent and moringa bark and string bean as adsorbents. Were evaluated the parameters COD, color, pH, turbidity and the concentration of metal ions Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni. In the stage of coagulation/ flocculation were used several concentrations of moringa in salt solution of NaCl 1 M and 0.1M. In the stage of the combined adsorbents were used moringa bark and string beans to determine which of the adsorbent had a better removal efficiency of metals. Tests were also conducted with different ranges of mass for the best adsorbent and variation of pH of the studied effluent. Tests of coagulation/flocculation showed good removal efficiency for the parameters COD, Color, Turbidity and the metals Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni using MO seed in salt solution 1M, these values being 90.49%, 78.34%, 95.13%, 25.29%, 84.30%, 51.11% and 24.74% respectively. In the tests of coagulation/flocculation/adsorption the maximum removal efficiencies were 91.41% for COD, 90.77% for color, 95.31% for Turbidity, 58.36% for Cr, 98.36% for Zn, 97,58% for Cu and 99.11% for Ni. The research showed that after the combined process the electroplanting effluent did not present the necessary characteristics for the released in to water bodies due to the high remaining concentration of Cr (1907.4 mg/L), Color (860 PtCo/L) and COD (330 mg/L). The research for the treatment process demonstrated great effectiveness for most parameters analyzed, however, its necessary to study complementary technologies for this type of treatment effluent in order to achieve an effluent within the release standards into the water bodies. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do processo de coagulação/floculação e do processo combinado de coagulação/floculação/adsorção para tratamento de efluente liquido da indústria galvânica. Foi utilizada a semente de moringa como coagulante natural e a casca e a vagem de moringa como adsorventes. Foram avaliados os parâmetros DQO, Cor, pH, Turbidez e a concentração dos íons metálicos Cr, Zn, Cu e Ni. Na etapa de coagulação/floculação foram utilizadas várias concentrações de moringa em solução salina de NaCl 1M e 0,1M. Na etapa do processo combinado foram utilizados os adsorventes casca e vagem de moringa para determinação do adsorvente com melhor eficiência de remoção dos metais. Também foram realizados ensaios com variação de massa do melhor adsorvente e variação do pH do efluente estudado. Os ensaios de coagulação/floculação mostraram boa eficiência de remoção dos parâmetros DQO, Cor, Turbidez e dos metais Cr, Zn, Cu e Ni utilizando semente de MO em solução salina 1M, sendo esses valores 90,49%, 78,34%, 95,13%, 25,29%, 84,30%, 51,11% e 24,74%, respectivamente. Nos ensaios de coagulação/floculação/adsorção as eficiências máximas de remoção foram 91,41% para DQO, 90,77% para Cor, 95,31% para Turbidez, 58,36% para Cr, 98,36% para Zn, 97,58% para Cu e 99,11% para Ni. Verificou-se que após o processo combinado o efluente galvânico não apresentou as características necessárias para lançamento em corpos hídricos em função da alta concentração remanescente de Cr (1907,4 mg/L), Cor (860 PtCo/L) e DQO (330 mg/L). Verificou-se que os processos de tratamento estudados demonstraram eficiência para a maioria dos parâmetros analisados, entretanto, fazem-se necessários estudar tecnologias complementares para o tratamento deste tipo de efluente com intuito de obter um efluente dentro dos padrões de lançamentos em corpos receptores.

<p>Volcanic ash and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) were investigated as indigenous materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at Kampala and Masaka water treatment plants in Uganda. Coagulation experiments were done using swamp raw water at Masaka National Water & Sewerage Corporation water treatment plant and pilot-scale filtration experiments carried out at Ggaba II (Kampala) water treatment plant. The results from the study indicated that there were both operational and design handicaps at the treatment plants in Kampala. There is need to modify the filtration and clarification units to enable production of water meeting both the national and international standards. At Masaka water treatment, there was increase in trihalomethanes concentration as a result of pre-chlorination. Following aeration and pre-chlorination processes, the average increase of total trihalomethanes concentration was over 4000% with over 99% being chloroform. Preliminary results from the jar test experiments indicated that use of alum with MOCSC as coagulant aid is promising as a first stage in the treatment train for waters with a humic materials and high content of iron, typical of swamp water sources. This would probably eliminate the formation of unwanted by-products by eliminating the pre-chlorination process. Assessment of the characteristics of the volcanic ash showed that it meets the requirements for a filtration material; and results obtained from the pilot study showed that it was a suitable alternative material for use in a dual media filtration system. There was an increase in the filter run length of about two and half fold in the dual media filtration column compared to the mono medium column. Both columns produced similar water quality levels. Therefore, conversion of the rapid sand filters at Ggaba and similar water treatment plants in the country to dual media (volcanic ash on top of sand) systems would probably significantly improve the performance of the filtration systems.</p>

FREIRE, José Ednésio da Cruz. Análise in silico da sequência deduzida de Mo-CBP3, uma proteína ligante à quitina de Moringa oleifera LAM. 2013. 116 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-05-30T12:44:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jecfreire.pdf: 2576370 bytes, checksum: c3841faa82a44a8e3de82ce42c785dc5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-11T23:29:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jecfreire.pdf: 2576370 bytes, checksum: c3841faa82a44a8e3de82ce42c785dc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T23:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jecfreire.pdf: 2576370 bytes, checksum: c3841faa82a44a8e3de82ce42c785dc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Moringa oleifera is a tree belonging to the Moringaceae family. This plant is native from India where it is named as drumstick tree. In Brazil M. oleifera was introduced in the 1950’s decade and it is known as moringa. Approximately 40% of the fresh weight of these seeds is formed by proteins, some of which were isolated and characterized as flocculants and antinutritional proteins. In addition, the chitin binding proteins have been identified and isolated, especially among which is the Mo-CBP3, a thermostable glycoprotein of apparent molecular mass of around 14.3 kDa, with potent inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi. In order to characterize the deduced sequence of Mo-CBP3, moringa fruits were collected 65 days after anthesis and their seeds subjected to extraction of total RNA. cDNA synthesis was directed by ‘5’ RACE’-PCR. The PCR products were subcloned into appropriate vectors (pGEM-T Easy) and then introduced into Escherichia coli cloning host TOP10F'. The recombinant plasmids were purified from transformed bacterial cell and subjected to DNA sequencing. The computational analysis of the deduced protein sequence of Mo-CBP3 showed that this protein has an apparent molecular mass of 12.85 kDa and it is unstable in cytoplasmic conditions. It has derived signal sequences, one for the signal peptide with 30 amino acids, and a sequence at the C-terminus of this protein, related to the anchorage to the plasma membrane as well as the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, probable sites of O-glycosylation and phosphorylation were identified. One domain related to the lipid transfer functions, reserve and trypsin inhibitors and alpha-amylase was identified following Mo-CBP3, thereby contributing to the understanding of its potent action against phytopathogenic fungi. / A Moringa oleifera é uma planta pertencente à família Moringaceae. Esta planta é nativa da Índia, sendo lá conhecida como drumstick (baqueta ou bastão de tambor). No Brasil, a M. oleifera foi introduzida na década de 1950, e é conhecida como moringa. Aproximadamente 40% do peso fresco das sementes é composto por proteínas, das quais algumas foram isoladas e caracterizadas como sendo floculantes e proteínas antinutricionais. Em adição, proteínas ligantes à quitina têm sido identificadas e isoladas, destacando-se dentre estas a Mo-CBP3, uma glicoproteína termoestável de massa molecular aparente em torno de 14,3 kDa, com potente atividade inibitória contra fungos fitopatogênicos. A fim caracterizar a sequência deduzida da Mo-CBP3, frutos de moringa foram coletados após 65 dias da antese e suas sementes submetidas à extração de RNA total. A síntese de cDNA foi dirigida por meio da técnica PCR-RACE 5'. Os produtos de PCR foram subclonados em vetores apropriados (pGEM-T Easy) e, em seguida, introduzido em hospedeiro de clonagem Escherichia coli TOP10F'. Os plasmídeos recombinantes foram purificados de células bacterianas transformadas e submetidos ao sequenciamento de DNA. A análise computacional da sequência deduzida da proteína Mo-CBP3 mostrou que esta é uma proteína de massa molecular aparente em torno de 12,85 kDa e, em condições citoplasmáticas apresenta-se instável. Possui sequências sinais deduzidas, sendo uma para peptídeo sinal, com 30 aminoácidos, e uma sequência na região C-terminal relacionada à ancoragem desta proteína à membrana plasmática, bem como ao retículo endoplasmático. Ademais, prováveis sítios de O-glicosilação e de fosforilação foram identificados. Um domínio relacionado às funções de transferência de lipídeos, de reserva e de inibidores de tripsina e de alfa-amilase foi identificado na sequência de Mo-CBP3, contribuindo, desse modo, para o entendimento de sua potente ação contra fungos fitopatogênicos.

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Volcanic ash and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) were investigated as indigenous materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at Kampala and Masaka water treatment plants in Uganda. Coagulation experiments were done using swamp raw water at Masaka National Water &amp; Sewerage Corporation water treatment plant and pilot-scale filtration experiments carried out at Ggaba II (Kampala) water treatment plant. The results from the study indicated that there were both operational and design handicaps at the treatment plants in Kampala. There is need to modify the filtration and clarification units to enable production of water meeting both the national and international standards. At Masaka water treatment, there was increase in trihalomethanes concentration as a result of pre-chlorination. Following aeration and pre-chlorination processes, the average increase of total trihalomethanes concentration was over 4000% with over 99% being chloroform. Preliminary results from the jar test experiments indicated that use of alum with MOCSC as coagulant aid is promising as a first stage in the treatment train for waters with a humic materials and high content of iron, typical of swamp water sources. This would probably eliminate the formation of unwanted by-products by eliminating the pre-chlorination process. Assessment of the characteristics of the volcanic ash showed that it meets the requirements for a filtration material; and results obtained from the pilot study showed that it was a suitable alternative material for use in a dual media filtration system. There was an increase in the filter run length of about two and half fold in the dual media filtration column compared to the mono medium column. Both columns produced similar water quality levels. Therefore, conversion of the rapid sand filters at Ggaba and similar water treatment plants in the country to dual media (volcanic ash on top of sand) systems would probably significantly improve the performance of the filtration systems. / <p>Obs! ISBN: 978-91-7283-565-76</p><p>QC 20101110</p>