Magister Legum - LLM / This research paper pays particular attention to the EAC because of its unique composition of four LDCs46 and 1 DC47 and the fact that three of these countries are landlocked least developed countries (LLDCs).48 The EAC was notified as a RTA to the WTO under the Enabling Clause on 9 October 2000 and registered as a Custom Union49 under WT/COMTD/N/14.50 The notification of the EAC under the Enabling Clause is due to the nature of composition of members therein and to the fact that the Enabling Clause does not require regional trading arrangements to cover substantially all trade, or to achieve free trade in the bloc within ten years after notification. Additionally, it provides an avenue for giving special consideration to the LDCs through making concessions and contributions,51 allows automatic exemptions from MFN (non-discrimination) treatment in favour of DCs,52 and thus allows other WTO members to accord more favourable treatment to DCs in many cases without according the same treatment to other WTO members.53. / South Africa

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

Magister Legum - LLM / The rapid growth in the number of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has led to concern about the weakening of the multilateral trading system. This thesis examines the spread of such agreement and the extent to which they pose a threat to the multilateral system. Regionalism and multilateralism are complimentary as shown in the case study of the East African Community. The current regional trade agreement management rules are weak and ambiguous and possible amendments for these rules are proposed. / South Africa

Magister Legum - LLM

As the Internet and online shopping is growing at a very fast pace worldwide, investigating this phenomenon within a South African context is crucial considering that it is a relatively new trend in this country. Typical of new trends and phenomena is the absence of research already conducted, resulting in a lack of existing literature. Very few studies have examined the factors and reasons that entice South Africans to utilise this modern shopping channel, and even less have used an in-depth, qualitative approach. To assist in filling this void, this research study examines people’s reasons for taking up or not taking up online shopping, from a South African perspective. A snowball sampling method was used to identify participants fitting the predetermined sample criteria and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with all participants. The theoretical approach used in the analysis was social constructionism. Findings are presented by means of constructions identified during the data analysis, and these indicated that saving time, the convenience of products being increasingly available and accessible and being able to make price comparisons easily are the main advantages of online shopping. Main disadvantages were not being able to touch and feel products, and the absence of a salesperson. Limitations of the research are discussed, along with recommendations for online retailers and future research. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

Baarda’s outlier test is one of the best established theories in geodetic practice. The optimal test statistic of the local model test for a single outlier is known as the normalized residual. Also other model disturbances can be detected and identified with this test. It enjoys the property of being a uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) test, but is not a uniformly most powerful (UMP) test. In this contribution we will prove that in the class of test statistics following a common central or non-central chi2 distribution, Baarda’s solution is also uniformly most powerful, i.e. UMPchi2 for short. It turns out that UMPchi2 is identical to UMPI, such that this proof can be seen as another proof of the UMPI property of the test. We demonstrate by an example that by means of the Monte Carlo method it is even possible to construct test statistics, which are regionally more powerful than Baarda’s solution. They follow a socalled generalized chi2 distribution. Due to high computational costs we do not yet propose this as a ”new outlier detection method”, but only as a proof that it is in principle possible to outperform the statistical power of Baarda’s test. / Der Ausreißertest nach Baarda ist eine der am besten etablierten Theorien in der geodätischen Praxis. Die optimale Teststatistik des lokalen Modelltests für einen einzelnen Ausreißer wird als normierte Verbesserung bezeichnet. Auch andere Modellabweichungen können mit diesem Test aufgedeckt und identifiziert werden. Er hat die Eigenschaft, der gleichmäßig stärkste invariante (uniformly most powerful invariant, UMPI) Test zu sein, aber er ist kein gleichmäßig stärkster (uniformly most powerful, UMP) Test. In diesem Beitrag werden wir beweisen, dass in der Klasse der Teststatistiken mit einer gewöhnlichen zentralen oder nichtzentralen chi2 Verteilung die Baardaschen Lösung auch gleichmäßig stärkster Test ist, abgekürzt UMPchi2. Es stellt sich heraus, dass UMPchi2 gleichwertig mit UMPI ist, so dass dieser Beweis als ein weiterer Beweis der UMPI-Eigenschaft des Testes angesehen werden kann. Wir zeigen an einem Beispiel, dass es mittels der Monte Carlo Methode sogar möglich ist, Teststatistiken zu konstruieren, die regional stärker ist, als die Baardasche Lösung. Diese weisen eine sogenannte verallgemeinerte chi2 Verteilung auf. Wegen der hohen Rechenkosten schlagen wir das noch nicht als neue Ausreißererkennungsmethode vor, sondern nur als Beweis, dass es im Prinzip möglich ist, die Teststärke des Ausreißertests nach Baarda zu übertreffen.

This diploma thesis deals with constructional design and a calculation of one-girder bridge crane with the requested primary parametres: lifting capacity 10 000 kg, span 12 000 mm, wheel base 2 500 mm, travel height 7 000 mm. In diploma thesis, there is executed analysis of constructional designs of box girders, drawn up technical report with the analysis of the choice of the construction with important technical and physical calculations. Calculations were executed according to valid Czech state norms and literature. Drawing documentation is enclosed to this thesis.

Theoretical part of Diploma thesis deals with issues about thermal bridges and thermal connections in building structures. The Calculating part focused on the family houses with a low heat use. The results of this part are energy and financial evaluations of family house. The last part deals with the using of computer technology in engineering practice. These chapters devote about computer modeling an assembly details of passive house and family house after reconstruction (the dates of family house after reconstruction are compared with the results from experimental measurements). The last section of this Diploma thesis solves dynamic modelling of particular passive house in simulation program called Trnsys.

The master´s thesis deals with a new road bridge on the road II/379. There are three possible variants in preliminary design but only the option of connected girder slab beam of four fields was selected. This variant was assessed by static calculation in accordance with European standards. Other important parts of this thesis are also drawings, construction progress, visualisation and technical report.

The diploma thesis deals with the construction of the technical project of the SO210 bridge over the stream Hluchová on the I / 11 road. The bridge is designed as reinforced concrete, additionally prestessed with a length of 70m. The thesis was processed within the scope of DP assignment.