Cooperation between customers and companies has existed for a long time. However, the role of a customer was rather passive and organizations were the ones who dictated their rules and took a leading role in the process of product creation. With a course of time the situation has been changed and customers are becoming more and more involved into the process of cooperation. As a customer driven innovation is relatively new phenomenon, the aim of our study is to examine its status in the modern business world. It can be observed that organizations all around the globe claim about their readiness and willingness to listen to customers and cooperate with them. Companies create customer support sections where they offer to leave complaints, comments and suggestions. Airline companies tend to have such experience. “We want to hear from you. Your feedback is important and helps us become a better airline” claims Delta Airlines. Tiger Airways states “Yes! We want to hear from you! Submit your feedback via our Customer Support Portal”. And there is multitude of such examples. With the help of the investigation of theoretical material, survey conduction and examining practical examples we aim to examine the issue of customer involvement into cooperation with organizations as well as to found out how ready customers are for such collaboration.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the motives underlying the consumption of alcohol among college students and if the motives differ between genders. The study is based on the following questions: What are the motives underlying alcohol consumption among students? Do these motives differ between men and women? Is there any connection between the motives for alcohol consumption and consumption? The study is a quantitative, empirical comparison study and the data presented is mainly descriptive. The study group consists of students from a university in central Sweden. After an exclusion of five students a total of 81 students participated in the survey, of which 55 were female and 26 were male. The average age of all who participated in the study was 24 (sd = 4). The students' alcohol consumption and motives for alcohol consumption were investigated using two instruments: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (M DMQ-R). The questions from the two instruments were combined into a single questionnaire which then was used in the study. The questionnaire was accessible through a link on the internet. Students were recruited via advertisement on announcementboards around the school. A link to the survey was also published on the university's group page and on an application's group page on Facebook. The responses from the questionnaires were transferred to the computer programs Microsoft Excel and SPSS where they were analyzed and summarized. The results showed that the most common reason for drinking among both men and women were social motives. Enhancement motives were also more common than the other motives. There were more women than men who reported conformity motives, enhancement motives and coping with depression as a reason for their alcohol consumption. A few more men than women had indicated that they drink to coop with anxiety. There were a positive relationship only between enhancement motives and alcohol consumption, and this relationship was only among women in the study. There were no correlations between the other motives and alcohol consumption

The Web 2.0 concept brought up the trends of growing rapidly interactive websites which were based on the internet characteristics such as upload creations, member votes, and even the the exchange of the gifts. In a brief summery, all the incredible activities are growing mainly under the encouragement of the diversity and accumulation of the users¡¦ engagements. This study is based on the reference to the user experience and interface activities of kinds of popular Web2.0 websites. Also, through the 480 questionnaires samples and researches, this study tried to find the possible motivative activities and knowledge sharing models according to the users¡¦ motives, behaviors and self-gratification. Furthermore, this study also focused on the evaluation to the users¡¦ self-gratification after the extrinsic motivate rewards which were published to the general users. The study results appeared that when the virtual community platforms adopt different kinds of motivate rewards; the positive influence is always existed between the user motive and the outside motivation rewards. To particularly point out, the extrinsic rewards of praising in public and community usefulness has the highest correlation through the Pearson correlation analysis. Also, the outside motivate activities will affect the interactive behaviors between the users accordingly. On the personal characteristics observation, the ages and educations have significant differences to the users¡¦ motive. And the user experience of virtual community websites such as the quantities of accounts, frequency to visit the websites, and the average time of staying on the website have significant differences to user motives. And on the perspective of motivation and user behaviors, the results basically are similar with the theory of uses and gratification. There is above 50% samples pointed out that trust and identification are the important key factors on all the websites activities between users. Especially the human-human interaction is the most popular one during the research. To conclude all the research efforts, this study made a prior research on the new internet activities and provided some ideas on the correlations of the motive, behaviors and gratification on users¡¦ side. Through the concrete results hope may have the study bases for further market researches or much practical reference to the website business management.

Abstract Reading has been the focused program continuously promoted by Ministry of Education and Council of Cultural Affairs; it has been also the core program of each public library. Being seen in every administrative district of Kaohsiung City, the branches of Kaohsiung City Library is the most convenient access channel of the information of books for citizens and most influential on cultivating citizens¡¦ reading habit. The Kaohsiung City Library has actively promoted the City Reading for the past few years. The library has received people¡¦s applause due to its user-friendly measures, reading for different ages, many reading promotional activities and the marketing campaign for the importance of reading. However, whether the readers¡¦ and librarians¡¦ cognition and satisfaction at library service quality increase while the library practices the measures of the above, what are the suggestions for the library, and what are the key factors of readers¡¦ reading behavior that affecting their cognition and satisfaction with reading service quality are the emphasis of this study to explore. Based on the PZB model, this study examined the gap between the readers and the librarians of Kaohsiung City Library in the perception and satisfaction of library¡¦s reading service quality, and surveyed readers¡¦ suggestions for library service and the factors influencing their reading behavior via questionnaires.¡ª . The results of this study are concluded as follows: 1. A significant difference between the readers and the librarians in the cognition and satisfaction of library¡¦s reading service quality exists only on the answers regarding recognizable entrance, well air-conditioning, convenient opening hours, adequate loan limits, and convenient book reservation process. 2. There is a significant difference between the readers and the librarians in service personnel and service quality. 3. Readers care more about the reader¡¦s rights such as the frequent new book arrival, an increase of loan limits and an extension of opening hours; beside the frequency of new book arrival, librarians are concerned with professional librarian training and the adequacy of personnel 4. The factors affecting the reading behavior of interviewees are motive, living style, subject, best-seller, and specific author. Motive is the most influential one. Most of the reading motives are for fun, personal interest, experience enriching and knowledge broadening. That finding shows that obtaining the feeling of happiness from reading is the motive for interviewees to continue to read. The changing cognition of reading service quality is consequent on readers¡¦ experience and communication. Therefore, it is a continuously hard-working process. The administrators of the library should be kept informed frequently about readers¡¦ needs by conducting surveys, studies and communicating with the personnel in service. And, in order to meet readers¡¦ demands, the library should transform the needs to services measures to raise the level of readers¡¦ satisfaction and increase their interest in reading.

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<p>The concept of outsourcing is a hot topic even today. The area of IT has received more attention when compared to other areas of outsourcing. Many organizations started outsourcing IT functions to other countries to access international markets. There lie many risks that are overlooked by these organizations. These risks need to be properly assessed and managed. This research investigates the potential risks perceived to be most relevant in the process of IT outsourcing from the customers point of view and how organizations can eliminate these risks by providing measures to assess risks. Literature analysis is the methodology used for conducting this research as it is assumed to cover all aspects of risks that lie in global IT outsourcing process.</p>

A Child's life (symphony for band) is a work for concert band in three contrasting movements. It is programmatic and the movements are compositionally linked by a network of motives and a large-scale tonal plan. The piece gravitates around the pitch center C, branching out symmetrically within each movement to explore neighboring key areas. Though tonal, the piece incorporates much chromaticism and features techniques of contemporary and jazz composition. The total performance duration is approximately 22 minutes. / text

Misuse of prescription anxiolytic and sedative medication is a widespread phenomenon in Canada and a topic of increasing concern among health care providers. While anxiolytics and sedatives have important therapeutic uses in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia, these substances have psychoactive properties that render them vulnerable to misuse. Understanding the correlates and contexts of misuse is essential for developing targeted treatment and prevention strategies. This dissertation is comprised of a series of four studies conducted with adults in the Halifax Regional Municipality, recruited from the community and from a local substance use disorder treatment program. Study 1 investigated misuse of anxiolytics and sedatives among currently prescribed users of these medications in the general community. Misuse and diversion were associated with a more extensive history of other substance use and with personality dimensions, including hopelessness and impulsivity. Study 2 investigated motives for misuse among non-prescribed anxiolytic and sedative users recruited from the community. This study also included non-prescribed stimulant medication users to facilitate comparisons across differing classes of psychiatric medications. Non-therapeutic motives were associated with substance use history and, for anxiolytics and sedatives, with the personality dimension sensation-seeking. Study 3 involved an analysis of prescription regimens and misuse among all participants of Studies 1 and 2 who had ever held a prescription for an anxiolytic or sedative. Misuse of benzodiazepine anxiolytics and sedatives was more frequent than that of non-benzodiazepines, but was unrelated to prescription regimen. Study 4 examined the misuse of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic medication with anxiolytic and sedative effects, among clients of a methadone maintenance program. Misuse of quetiapine was widespread, but was typically associated with therapeutic motives. Quetiapine misuse was linked with a history of misusing other anxiolytic and sedative drugs. Collectively, these studies provide evidence that anxiolytic and sedative misuse is a heterogeneous phenomenon encompassing varying patterns of use and motives for misuse. Furthermore, these investigations suggest that anxiolytic and sedative misuse is linked to individual-level and medication-related variables. By providing a more comprehensive characterization of this important public health issue, these findings have practical implications in both clinical and research contexts.

Personality, motives, and self-efficacy have all been recognized as factors contributing to relapse, and the interaction among these factors has been outlined in Witkiewitz and Marlatt&rsquo;s contemporary relapse model. However, there is limited empirical research examining the mechanisms involved in this theory. This study aimed to better understand the relationship between personality risk, drinking motives, and confidence to resist drinking during high-risk situations among adults who have changed their drinking. Results indicate that prior to participants&rsquo; change in drinking, introversion/hopelessness was associated with coping motives and confidence in situations involving unpleasant emotions, anxiety sensitivity was associated with coping motives, and impulsivity was associated with conformity motives. Following participants&rsquo; change, two specific motives (i.e., coping and conformity) were found to moderate the association between two of the personality profiles (i.e., introversion/hopelessness and anxiety sensitivity) and confidence to resist drinking during specific high-risk situations (i.e., negative emotional and social pressure to use).

Darbe analizuojama mokslinė literatūra apie delinkventinį elgesį, nenoro mokytis priežastis, mokymosi motyvaciją (mokymosi motyvus, mokymosi motyvacijas aiškinančias teorijas, mokymosi motyvacijos rūšis). Tyrimas ,,Delinkventinės elgsenos jaunuolių mokymosi motyvacijos ypatumai“ buvo vykdomas 2006-2007 metais. Tyrime dalyvavo 200 respondentų. 18- 22 metų jaunuolių linkusių į delinkventinį elgesį. Tyrime buvo siekiama nustatyti motyvų (poreikių, interesų, nuostatų, vertybių) įtaką mokymosi motyvacijai; Išsiaiškinti jaunuolių linkusių į delinkventinį elgesį mokymosi motyvacijos ypatumus; Ieškoti nenoro mokytis priežasčių. Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtino hipotezę, kad asmenų linkusių į delinkventin�� elgesį mokymosi motyvacijos nepakankamumą lemia jų vertybės, interesai, nuostatos. Į motyvaciją žiūrima, kaip į motyvo procesą (kaip poelgio pagrindą). Motyvais gali tapti žmogaus vertybės, nuostatos, požiūriai, poreikiai, interesai. Svarbiausios vertybės jaunuoliams linkusiems į delinkventinį elgesį: laisvė, poilsis, gyvenimo priemonės (butas ir kt.), pripažinimas, daiktų vertingumas ir patogumas, technologijos, sėkmė ir meilė. Mažiausiai svarbios vertybės: kūrybingumo realizavimas, kvalifikacija, menas, savižina. Vertinant nuostatų ir požiūrių pasiskirstymą pagal svarbą, nustatyta, kad daugumas jaunuolių įsitikinę, kad gyvenime svarbiausia geras atlyginimas, o ne išsilavinimas. Daugiausia respondentų teigia, kad svarbiausi poreikiai šiuo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This paper analyzes a scientific literature about delinquent behaviour, reasons of unwillingness to learn and motivation for learning (learning motives, theories interpreting motivations for learning, kinds of motivations for learning). The research “Peculiarities of the Motivation for Learning in the Youth with Delinquent Behaviour” was carried out in 2006 to 2007. 200 respondents, young people aged 18 to 22 inclined to delinquent behaviour participated in the research. The purpose of this research was to establish the influence of motives (needs, interests, attitudes, values) over the motivation for learning; to clear up the peculiarities of the motivation for learning in the youth inclined to delinquent behaviour; to look for reasons of unwillingness to learn. Results of the research confirmed the hypothesis that the insufficiency of motivation for learning in persons inclined to delinquent behaviour is decided by their values, interests and attitudes. The motivation is regarded as the process of motive (as the basis of act). Individual’s values, attitudes, standpoints, needs, interests can become motives. The most important values for young people inclined to delinquent behaviour are: freedom, relaxation, means of living (flat, etc.), recognition, worth and convenience of things, technologies, success and love. The least important values for young people with delinquent behaviour are: realization of creativeness, qualification, art, self-awareness. When... [to full text]