The subject of this final thesis is research study, which deals with new, respectively modernized route between cities Pelhřimov and Humpolec. Both of these cities are located in Pelhřimov district, Vysočina region. Route is designed in three variants: motorway, limited access road and modernization of existing road to a 2+1 configuration. Thesis is a response to new concept of motorway network, which was released by Ministry of Transportation in 2020. In this concept, there is also a plan to build new ring road, which would connect main roads in Bohemia and it would ease Prague and its surroundings from traffic.

This paper presents results from a workshop focusing on human demands of mobility that was conducted during the MFTS conference 2022. It shows, how the international participants, most of them male researchers with a background in engineering, dealt with concepts and findings from mobility research conducted by scholars of social sciences, humanities and cultural studies that focus on human mobility demands including gender and diversity aspects.

Introduction: With the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak and the restrictions put in place to prevent an uncontrolled spread of the virus, the circumstances for daily activities changed. A remarkable shift in the modal split distribution was observed [Ank21]. Moreover, the changes in mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic had multiple impacts on road traffic [Yas21]. By now, several researchers have looked at the impact of COVID-19 as a disruptive event on mobility behaviour. This workshop within the 4th Symposium on Management of Future Motorway and Urban Traffic Systems aimed to discuss insights from these research projects and how they enable experts to transfer this newfound knowledge to future disruptive events such as climate change, rising energy costs and events related to a possible energy transition. Thus, the research question this workshop investigated reads as follows: What can we learn from the pandemic to be able to predict how different future disruptive events can shape the mobility of tomorrow?

Variable Speed Limits (VSL) are often used to improve traffic conditions on congested motorways. VSL can be implemented as mandatory or advisory. The objective of the thesis isto study in detail the effectiveness of VSL. The focus is on both, design parameters and conditions under which VSL are most effective. The MCS system on the E4 motorway inStockholm is used as a case study. The evaluation was conducted using empirical methods (including aggregate data from microwave sensors and other sources, and disaggregate data from a mobile study), and microscopic traffic simulation. The empirical analysis is based on before and after VSL data, including evaluation of individual measures of performance, and multivariate analysis in the form of the fundamental diagram, and speed-density relationships. The results from the empirical study are mixed with an indication that driver behavior has a strong impact on the effectiveness of the system. The microscopic traffic simulation analysis included the development of a platform for testing VSL and more generally motorway control strategies. The simulation platform was calibrated and validated with the empirical data and includes in addition to VSL, and Automatic Incident Detection (AID) system, the ALINEA ramp metering algorithm. The test-platform allows the testing of different control strategies and various combinations of control strategies, under different scenarios and in a controlled environment. The results from the simulation study indicate that driver compliance is an important factor and VSL performance quickly deteriorates as compliance rate drops. Hence, VSL should be implemented as mandatory instead of advisory. In addition, mandatory VSL can be effective both, under incident and moderately congested conditions. A combined VSL and ramp metering strategy can be most effective in reducing travel time, improving traffic conditions on the motorway. Furthermore, the results indicate that such a strategy also has the least impact on the flows entering the motorway from the ramps. / QC20100630

Multi-combination vehicles (MCVs) in urban areas impact on productivity, safety, infrastructure, congestion and the environment. However, psychological effects of MCVs on other drivers may also influence the positioning of vehicles and congestion. A literature review revealed little information on the psychological effects of heavy vehicles on other road users. This research can be used to quantify some psychological impacts of MCVs. A testing program was undertaken on the Gateway Motorway to observe passenger car behaviour around MCVs in a lateral and longitudinal sense. Video footage was collected on a four lane divided urban motorway section which was level, straight and away from any off/on ramps. It experiences high traffic volumes with a one-way AADT of approximately 33,500. The route is currently designated for B-doubles, which is the most common MCV in urban areas. In a lateral sense, the research showed that passenger car behaviour changes around heavy vehicles (prime mover semi-trailer combination and B-doubles); however, there is no statistical difference in passenger car behaviour around semi-trailers and B-doubles. Longitudinally it was found that, even though passenger cars shy away from B-doubles more than semi-trailers, B-doubles are still more efficient in a spatial sense since they carry more freight. The outcomes of this research indicate that there is no further psychological impact on passenger cars, when travelling around B-doubles compared with semi-trailers. Where the results identified longitudinal behaviour changes, it was still concluded that B-doubles were more efficient at transporting freight when the passenger car equivalent (PCE) per tonne of freight was considered. Tracking ability testing was undertaken in a rural area to determine the lateral spatial requirements of three different MCVs. The rural testing was considered appropriate since parts of the urban network have similar characteristics to rural networks. A model was developed as a part of this project to process the data collected by Haldane (2002), but results could not be relied upon due to poor quality data.

This thesis deals with the modification of the interchange of motorway D1 in Brno – east (km 203). It’s aim to design an optimal solution for omnidirectional connection on the road I/50. Currently it has the shape of a letter Y which allows only a two-way ride. Further, the aim is to propose the connection of the road II/430 to the road junctions. Part of this thesis is proposal to extend the motorway to a six-lane in the place of interchange due to capacity utilization. For this thesis was chosen one from four concepts of the junction within the scope of the study. The work is complemented by a tradic survey on the current arrangement which was carried out using statistical radars.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of the motorway bridge over the II / 464 road between Butovice-Bílovec. For the bridging design four variants were made, from which a variant of the slab with longitudinal extensions was selected for further processing. The design assessment was performed for the ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state according to valid standards. Determination of internal forces was performed on the model developed in Scia Engineer 18.0.

This diploma thesis deals with a design of truck-centres count and location near the motorway D1. This design is a result of aspects which can influent truck-centres‘ count, size and location. There are derived the aspects on the basis of calculation of freight transport intensity till the year 2030 and its concurrence to accident frequency, traffic flow regulation, and also its concurrence to management of personnel labour (AETR), means of eventual maintenance need and means of vehicles’ reparation, services for motorway attendants and finally its concurrence to possibilities of controls by public authorities and police. In order to regulate freight transport traffic flows is calculated size of parking spaces and suggested their appropriate locations.

The subject of this masters thesis is preliminary design of III. phase connector road of D7 and D8 motorways near Kralupy nad Vltavou. The reason for this highway design is high traffic intensity. The highway is designed as a road type S9,5/90. Highway design includes two junctions. Junctions are designed in two variants, only one variant of each junction was finalized to more in-depth detail.

Über 90% der Informationsaufnahme beim Fahren erfolgt über den visuellen Sinneskanal. Das Auge ist das einzige fernorientierte Sinnesorgan, das über die Blickbewegungen gezielt ausrichtbar ist und die Erfassung räumlich voraus liegender Objekte ermöglicht. Somit spielt das Blickverhalten der Kraftfahrer eine zentrale Rolle beim Steuern eines Fahrzeugs. Da die Informationsaufnahme und -verarbeitung die Grundlage für Handlungsentscheidungen, ihre Realisierung und Kontrolle im Straßenverkehr bilden, bestimmt das Blickverhalten des Kraftfahrers weitestgehend sein Fahrverhalten und ist dadurch auch für die Verkehrssicherheit von zentraler Bedeutung. Mit Hilfe moderner Messtechnik lassen sich die Blickbewegungen genau registrieren und das Blickverhalten kann beim Autofahren exakt erfasst werden. Dadurch stellt die Analyse des Blickverhaltens ein neues Verfahren dar, mit dem der wahrnehmungspsychologische Faktor in der Wechselwirkung zwischen Fahrer, Fahrzeug und Straße berücksichtigt werden kann. Das Blickverhalten der Fahrer ist ein hochselektiver dynamischer Vorgang, durch den eine präzise Wahrnehmung von beweglichen bzw. unbeweglichen Objekten, Geschwindigkeiten und räumlichen Ausdehnungen gewährleistet ist. Die Analyse des Blickverhaltens ermöglicht sowohl den zeitlichen als auch den räumlichen Verlauf des detaillierten Informationszuflusses zusammen mit den Aufmerksamkeitsverlagerungen zu erforschen. Wo und in welchem Zeitpunkt der Fahrer detailliert hinblickt, kann mithilfe der Blickverhaltensanalyse ermittelt werden. In der Literatur sind verschiedene Blickverhaltensmaße vorhanden, mit denen das zeitliche Verhalten der visuellen Aufmerksamkeitsverteilung, die räumliche Konzentration des Blickes und die Intensität der Informationsaufnahme untersucht und interpretiert werden können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden aus dem breiten Spektrum dieser Maße diejenigen ausgewählt, die bezüglich der gesuchten Abhängigkeiten am aussagekräftigsten sind. Das Blickverhalten der Kraftfahrer wird in erheblichem Maße von der Streckenge-ometrie bestimmt. Aus der Forschung ist bekannt, dass die Verhältnisse beim Lenken eines Fahrzeugs entlang geraden Strecken und innerhalb von Kurven bezüglich der Beanspruchung des Fahrers und der Blickkonzentration nicht gleich sind. In Kurven ist die Belastung höher im Vergleich zu den Geraden und das führt zu einer gesteigerten Aufmerksamkeit. Das Blickverhalten in Links- und Rechtskurven charakterisiert sich mit bestimmten Blickmustern, die sich voneinander deutlich unterscheiden. Diesbezüglich werden entsprechende Untersuchungen und Analysen auch unter Einbeziehung der vorhandenen Sichtweite durchgeführt. Der Einfluss der streckencharakteristischen Parameter auf das Fahrverhalten und das Unfallgeschehen ist auf dem Gebiet des Straßenentwurfs seit langer Zeit Untersuchungsgegenstand zahlreicher Forschungsarbeiten. Auf Autobahnen sind jedoch nur wenige solche Untersuchungen vorhanden und ein Forschungsbedarf liegt auch diesbezüglich vor. In der Dissertation wurde die BAB A72 zwischen Hof und Chemnitz untersucht, die eine der ältesten Autobahnen Deutschlands ist und für die bekannt ist, dass sie Sicherheitsprobleme hat. Diese Bundesautobahn, die ursprünglich als Regionalautobahn sehr geländeangepasst trassiert worden ist, wurde im Zeitraum von 1990 bis 1995 grundhaft ausgebaut. Die Trasse ist unverändert geblieben und die Gradiente und der Querschnitt sind verbessert worden. Dadurch sind die Geschwindigkeiten deutlich gestiegen. So ein Ausbau kann zu Disproportionen in der räumlichen Linienführung führen. Auf der Autobahn A72 sind in einigen Abschnitten solche Disproportionen vorhanden. Ausdruck dafür ist das überdurchschnittlich hohe Unfallgeschehen. Die Verkehrssicherheit hat eine vorrangige Bedeutung für den Bau und den Betrieb jeder Straße. In der Arbeit wird durch das Blickverhalten von Fahrern mit einer neu entwickelten Methodik versucht, die Gründe für unsichere Abschnitte anders als mit den klassischen Methoden zu erforschen. Im Ergebnis werden Empfehlungen für einen Kurvenmindestradius und eine psychologische Mindestsichtweite untermauert.