Mozambique es un país en vías de desarrollo, localizado en la costa oriental de África, con un gran potencial para la producción de miel debido a su climatología, orografía y vegetación. El gran interés mostrado por la Asociación de Apicultores para normalizar la miel y responder a los requerimientos del sector apícola de Mozambique, nos ha llevado a realizar un estudio con el objetivo de caracterizar y clasificar las mieles de Mozambique. Se han recogido datos sobre las condiciones de producción, obtención y comercialización de la miel y se han analizado las muestras para determinar las características microbiológicas y físico-químicas de este alimento.Para ello se tomaron 189 muestras de miel de cuatro regiones de Mozambique (Manica, Sofala, Inhambane y Maputo) correspondientes a las áreas geográficas de procedencia, que son las regiones más importantes en producción de miel. Las muestras se recogieron directamente de las explotaciones apícolas, procurando que no hubiera transcurrido más de tres meses desde la fecha de recolección. Además de cumplimentarse un cuestionario al momento. Se han evaluado los principales grupos microbianos presentes (aerobios mesófilos, enterobacteriaceae, clostridium sulfito-reductores y mohos y levaduras).Se determinaron diferentes parámetros físicos-químicos de estabilidad (pH, actividad de agua, conductividad eléctrica, tipos de acidez y color), con el fin de obtener información sobre la estabilidad del producto y de los posibles riesgos sanitarios para la salud del consumidor.También se han estudiado los principales componentes químicos: humedad, azúcares (fructosa, glucosa, sacarosa), cenizas, sólidos insolubles y sólidos totales. La frescura de la miel se valoró determinando la actividad de la diastasa y el hidroximetilfurfural. Se aplicó el análisis de componentes principales a los resultados físico químicos obtenidos para así reducir el número de dimensiones de los datos. Se pone de manifiesto que al menos cinco componentes principales son responsables del 74,34% de la variabilidad de los datos, y teniendo cada uno de ellos, varios factores de peso significativo.Al aplicar el análisis de conglomerados sobre los datos obtenidos se han podido diferenciar significativamente por la composición y calidad cuatro categorías de miel. / Mozambique is a developing country situated in south-eastern of Africa, where honey collection from the wild and beekeeping are very common practices all over the country. The importance of apiculture in Mozambique based on its particular climatology; orography and vegetation are continuously increasing. The needs from the beekeepers association and the Standardization entities in order to normalize this product and avoiding the fraudulent sales of honeys was the propose of this study for characterization and classification of Mozambican honeys. The samples were picked up directly from the apiary, over two consecutive harvest seasons, procuring that no more than three months had passed from the moment of the extraction, and filling an inquiry related of elaboration and processing The characterization of 189 samples from 4 provinces of Mozambique (Manica, Sofala Inhambane and Maputo was carried out on the basis of their microbiogical (aerobius mesófilos, enterobactereriaceae, clostridium, fungi and yeasts), physical (pH, water activity, electrical conductivity, colour, insolubles solids, free acidity, lactones and total acidity) in order to get information related the stability of the product and some possible sanitary risks for the consumer health. The chemical components have also been analysed (moisture, fructose, glucose, sucrose, ash, hydroxymethylfurfural and diastase activity) for maturity and freshness evaluation. A principal component analysis was performed on the physic-chemical data in order to determine statistically allowed us to obtain 74, 34% on five principal components and also the formation of four clusters. We could classify a 4 categories of honey based on their composition and quality.

La infección por el VIH y el SIDA crece tanto a escala global como en el caso específico de Mozambique, donde su impacto en la vida cotidiana se vuelve cada vez más dramático (51-67), sobre todo en la población joven. El 95% de las personas infectadas por el VIH y el SIDA viven en el mundo en desarrollo. África meridional, con tasas de prevalencia media del orden de los 25% de la población adulta, sigue siendo la región más afectada (78), y es también donde diversas razones han convertido a la mujer, y sobretodo a la mujer joven, en el rostro de la epidemia. Mozambique, ubicado en la región meridional del continente africano, sufre además, los efectos residuales de un periodo marcado por el dominio colonial portugués que se prolongó hasta 1975 y, seguido por 16 años de guerra de desestabilización que afectó la totalidad de su territorio, y se caracteriza por una economía frágil, dependiente de la agricultura y de los recursos naturales; elevados índices de analfabetismo, la escasa cobertura de la red de los servicios de salud y de suministro de agua potable y de saneamiento. Con la finalidad de acceder a los conocimientos, al comportamiento sexual y a la capacidad de autodominio con respecto a la infección por el VIH y el SIDA; indagar el tipo de contenidos que deben ser adoptados de forma complementaria a los que actualmente se desarrollan, en el diseño de estrategias de actuación de mayor eficacia para la prevención del VIH y el SIDA en jóvenes/adultos, estudiantes de Maputo, Mozambique, se ha realizado el presente trabajo. Mediante encuestas se valora el comportamiento sexual, la capacidad de autodominio y los conocimientos sobre VIH, SIDA en un grupo de jóvenes/adultos, estudiantes de Maputo, Mozambique, en el año 2003. Las características se describen mediante medias y desviación estándar para las cuantitativas y frecuencias relativas e intervalos de confianza (Chi2, p≤0.05), para las cualitativas. La vida sexual inicia temprano y se da sin preservativo; la virginidad, la mezcla con el alcohol, la confianza en la pareja, son razones que disuaden le uso del preservativo. Los amigos, los libros y los medios de comunicación constituyen las principales fuentes de la información que tienen sobre sexualidad y VIH/SIDA.Se ha observado que los jóvenes que componen el grupo estudiado poseen algunas nociones sobre el VIH y el SIDA que son correctas, sin embargo, en lo global, sus conocimientos con respecto a los factores de mayor importancia en el riesgo de infección por el VIH/SIDA y las ETS son débiles. El cambio más importante introducido en su comportamiento sexual en relación con la prevención de la infección por el VIH y el SIDA es el uso del preservativo, sin embargo el incremento en el uso del preservativo no ha sido acompañado por otros comportamientos preventivos. Algunos factores socioculturales dificultan la realización de cambios en el comportamiento individuales con respecto a la infección por el VIH, el SIDA y las ETS y colocan a ambos, hombres y mujeres, pero sobretodo a la mujer, en desventajas con respecto a la infección por el VIH y el SIDA y las ETS. / HIV/AIDS infection rates increase worldwide and particularly in Mozambique where it has a dramatic impact (51-67) mainly in young people. This work aims to assess the young people's knowledge, the sexual behaviour and the self-efficacy of them being capable of adopting a preventive behaviour for HIV infection. The study was carried out based upon a questionnaire which assessed the young people's capacity of adopting a responsible behavioural pattern with regard to HIV / AIDS. This questionnaire was made among a group of students from the city of Maputo. It has been observed that they knowledge is accuracy for some aspects, but they fail to answer correctly many of those questions considered of major importance. Some habit of sexual relationships can lead to a paradoxical situation which shows that despite the level of awareness, sexual relationships with a risk of an infection with HIV/AIDS continue, and therefore this is a high risk group of becoming infected with HIV.

<p>This report presents findings from research in Ribáuè district, Nampula province, in northeast Mozambique. Our aim was to understand the living conditions of the impoverished elderly and identify strategies that may improve their situation. We conducted semi-structured interviews with elderly people, including some of the most vulnerable and some who receive income from the social assistance programme. To gain a wider context we met representatives of governmental and non-governmental organisations and referred to secondary sources.</p><p>We use the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods framework to present the capital assets (natural,social, financial, physical and human) of Ribáuè district and of its elderly inhabitants. We consider how access to assets is affected by political, economic and cultural factors in the community. We set the situation of the elderly against the development history of postindependence Mozambique, and international concern about poverty, the ageing population and their human rights.</p><p>We find that social assets in the form of human relationships, and natural assets in the form of land, are essential for elderly people’s livelihoods. Most of the elderly have very limited access to financial assets, apart from the few who receive social ssistance. This programme makes a very small but appreciated contribution to family welfare. However the programme’s reach has been limited geographically and eligibility regulations tend to obstruct access for the very poorest. In general the human capital of the rural and uneducated elderly is declining, as society increasingly values modern skills and knowledge. However the Ribáuè residents we met experience some benefit from infrastructure modernisation. Elderly people are receiving more attention, especially as carers of children.</p><p>We have identified existing strategies for improving elderly people’s livelihoods. We suggest ways to build on these, as well as possible new strategies. If development policies are both equitable and successful, increased employment and taxation should enable formal pension and social security systems to provide for the elderly in the long-term future. In the short to medium term, expansion of the social assistance programme must be prioritised, as it is vital to the most vulnerable. It is also important that people’s customary engagement in mutually supportive social networks is strengthened rather than undermined by development changes.</p><p>Key words: Mozambique, Nampula, elderly, social assistance, the food subsidy program (PSA), Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (SRL)</p>

<p>In the spring of 2009 we spent five weeks in Mozambique performing a field study. Four of the weeks were spent in Nampula province in the northern part of the country, where most of the Mozambican cashew is produced. In the 1970s Mozambique was world leading in cashew kernel export, however, today the industry is a shadow of its former self. Since the end of the 1990s, the government along with other stakeholders, are trying to recuperate the industry. There are a great deal of obstacles to overcome to be able to compete with other large exporting countries such as India, Vietnam and Brazil. The main issue is the conditions of the trees; the majority of the trees are over forty years old and therefore have a low cashew yield. In addition, poor maintenance of the trees further decreases the production. Other problems are the infrastructure, in particular roads in poor condition, difficulties in locating markets and the income gap between the producer and end retailer.</p><p>During our research we have thought of a few recommendations which we feel would be worth looking into. We feel cheaper seedling should be available for the producers and nurseries should be put more locally for easier access. We also recommend spraying of the trees to be done more frequently. Furthermore a prerequisite for an expansion of the cashew industry is an investment in the infrastructure, to be able to transport the cashew from producer to processor and exporter. This would also improve life quality of the people in general. In addition, an investment in the poorest is necessary for the development of the country, a tool for achieving this could be better access to micro credits and village banks. To increase the income generated from Mozambican cashew kernels we recommend focusing the export on Fair Trade and possibly the organic market since they provide higher prices. A possibility to locating new markets would be an office, possibly in Europe, in order to be closer to the costumers. Another income generating market could be the market for by-products such as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, cashew oil and juice and jam from the fruit.</p>

Texte remanié de: Dissertação de mestrado--Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1994. / Bibliogr. p. 193-202.

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet., 2004.

In the late 90s coconut farms in Mozambique were affected by a disease that made the coconut trees drop their leaves and die, the disease is called the coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD). It is known that planthoppers are spreading the disease. This thesis investigates if cultivation and farm related factors could have an impact on the risk of being infected by CLYD. With a sample of 534 farms from the two provinces Zambeze and Nampula a logistic regression model is estimated. The result shows that the only factor that has a significant effect of increasing the risk of getting infected by the disease is if farms had other palm species than coconut trees on the plantation. / I slutet av 90-talet drabbades många kokosnötsfarmer i Mocambique av en sjukdom som gjorde att träden började tappa sina löv och till slut dog. Denna sjukdom kallas för ”the coconut lethal yellowing disease” (CLYD). I dagsläget vet man att det är en specifik insekt som sprider denna sjukdom. Denna uppsats undersöker om det finns andra faktorer som kan påverka risken för koksnötsfarmer att drabbas av denna sjukdom, faktorer som är kopplade till farmerna och dess vegetation. Genom ett urval av 534 farmer från de två provinserna Zambezia och Nampula skattades en logistik regression. Resultatet visade att det enbart är en faktor, om plantagen innehåller andra palmsorter, som signifikant ökar risken för att en farm ska drabbas av CLYD.

M. Tech. Agriculture / This study evaluated plant growth and symbiotic performance of two soybean genotypes inoculated with five inoculant formulations (i.e. EMDPeat, EMDLiquid, SoyLiquid, SoyPeat and Granular) and a Control of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain WB74 at three field sites in Mozambique and a pot experiment in South Africa. The sole aim was to assess whether the inoculant formulations can increase nitrogen fixation and plant growth on the two soybean genotypes.

Thesis (MTech. degree in Agriculture.)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011. / This study evaluated plant growth and symbiotic performance of four promiscuous-nodulating soybean genotypes and three commercial varieties supplied with a peat-based inoculant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain WB74 at three field sites in Mozambique and a pot experiment in South Africa. The sole aim was to assess whether these promiscuous-nodulating soybean genotypes can benefit from inoculation.

No description available.