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Modelling, control and monitoring of high redundancy actuationDavies, Jessica January 2010 (has links)
The High Redundancy Actuator (HRA) project investigates a novel approach to fault tolerant actuation, which uses a high number of small actuation elements, assembled in series and parallel in order to form a single intrinsically fault tolerant actuator. Element faults affect the maximum capability of the overall actuator, but through control techniques, the required performance can be maintained. This allows higher levels of reliability to be attained in exchange for less over-dimensioning in comparison to conventional redundancy techniques. In addition, the combination of both serial and parallel elements provides intrinsic accommodation of both lock-up and loose faults. Research to date has concentrated on HRAs based on electromechanical technology, of relatively low order, controlled through passive Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) methods. The objective of this thesis is to expand upon this work. HRA configurations of higher order, formed from electromagnetic actuators are considered. An element model for a moving coil actuator is derived from first principles and verified experimentally. This element model is then used to form high-order, non-linear HRA models for simulation, and reduced-order representations for control design. A simple, passive FTC law is designed for the HRA configurations, the results of which are compared to a decentralised, active FTC approach applied through a framework based upon multi-agent concepts. The results indicate that limited fault tolerance can be achieved through simple passive control, however, performance degradation occurs, and requirements are not met under theoretically tolerable fault levels. Active FTC offers substantial performance improvements, meeting the requirements of the system under the vast majority of theoretically tolerable fault scenarios. However, these improvements are made at the cost of increased system complexity and a reliance on fault detection. Fault Detection (FD) and health monitoring of the HRA is explored. A simple rule-based FD method, for use within the active FTC, is described and simulated. An interacting multiple model FD method is also examined, which is more suitable for health monitoring in a centralised control scheme. Both of these methods provide the required level of fault information for their respective purposes. However, they achieve this through the introduction of complexity. The rule-based method increases system complexity, requiring high levels of instrumentation, and conversely the interacting multiple model approach involves complexity of design and computation. Finally, the development of a software demonstrator is described. Experimental rigs at the current project phase are restricted to relatively low numbers of elements for practical reasons such as cost, space and technological limitations. Hence, a software demonstrator has been developed in Matlab/Simulink which provides a visual representation of HRAs with larger numbers of elements, and varied configuration for further demonstration of this concept.
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PrivaCIAS - Privacité selon l'intégrité contextuelle dans les systèmes agents décentralisés / PrivaCIAS - Privacy as Contextual Integrity in Decentralized Multi-Agent SystemsKrupa, Yann 10 September 2012 (has links)
Les approches habituelles pour la protection de la privacité s'attachent à définir un niveau de sensibilité pour chaque information. Cette information est soit publique, soit privée et sa circulation est restreinte à un groupe d'agents prédéfini. Dans cette thèse, nous nous appuyons sur la théorie de l'intégrité contextuelle, qui propose de redéfinir la notion de violation de privacité. Selon cette théorie, toute transmission peut déclencher une violation de privacité suivant le contexte dans lequel elle a lieu. Cette thèse utilise la théorie de l'intégrité contextuelle afin de proposer un modèle de protection de la privacité pour les systèmes multi-agents décentralisés: le modèle PrivaCIAS. Afin de contrôler les agents dans le système, le modèle PrivaCIAS fournit un ensemble de normes qui permet la mise en place d'un contrôle social basé sur la confiance. Le modèle donne le contrôle aux agents pour constater les violations (selon l'intégrité contextuelle), puis punir les contrevenants en les excluant du système sans avoir besoin de recourir à une autorité centrale. Ce modèle vise les réseaux sociaux décentralisés comme champ d'application. / Contextual Integrity has been proposed to define privacy in an unusual way. Most approaches take into account a sensitivity level or a ``privacy circle'': the information is said to be either private or public and to be constrained to a given group of agents, \textit{e.g.} ``my friends'', when private. In the opposite, Contextual Integrity states that any information transmitted can make this transmission a privacy violation depending on its context. In this thesis, we use this theory to develop a novel model that one can use in an open and decentralized virtual community to socially enforce privacy. This thesis defines the PrivaCIAS model, in which privacy constraints are formally described to be used to detect privacy violations according to the Contextual Integrity theory. The PrivaCIAS model provides norms to agents in order to make them implement social control. The model does not require a central authority, it gives control to the agents for detecting privacy violations (through Contextual Integrity) and excluding violating agents from the system through social exclusion. This model targets decentralized social networks as a main application domain.
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[en] A PATTERN-BASED FRAMEWORK TO BUILD SELF-ORGANIZING MULTI-AGENTS SYSTEMS / [pt] UM FRAMEWORK BASEADO EM PADRÕES PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE SISTEMAS MULTI- AGENTES AUTO-ORGANIZÁVEISMANOEL TEIXEIRA DE ABREU NETTO 06 October 2010 (has links)
[pt] A abordagem de sistemas auto-organizáveis vem crescendo em relevância e
uso no âmbito de sistemas complexos, pois permite o desenvolvimento de
sistemas descentralizados que exibem uma dinamicidade e adaptabilidade em
consequência de perturbações no ambiente, anteriormente desconhecidas. As
principais dificuldades na construção de sistemas auto-organizáveis residem na
elaboração de mecanismos de interação e coordenação entre os agentes do
ambiente e na falta do reúso de soluções consagradas. Nesse contexto, esta
dissertação propõe um framework como solução reutilizável para a construção de
sistemas auto-organizáveis descentralizados, baseando-se nos principais padrões
arquiteturais encontrados na literatura, proporcionando também um meio de
extensibilidade para elaboração de novos mecanismos de interação e coordenação.
A partir do framework, instâncias de diversos domínios podem ser criadas, como
exemplo, uma solução auto-organizável e descentralizada para os veículos
guiados automaticamente, como será apresentada nesta dissertação. / [en] The approach of self-organizing systems has increased in relevance and use
within complex domains, for it allows the development of decentralized systems
that exhibit a dynamic and adaptable behavior in facing the challenge of handling
disturbances in the environment, which were previously unknown. The main
difficulties in building self-organizing systems lie in the development of
mechanisms of interaction and coordination between the agents of the
environment and the lack of reuse of solutions already adopted. In this context,
this dissertation proposes a framework as a reusable solution for building
decentralized self-organizing systems, based on major architectural patterns found
in the literature, and also provide a means of extensibility to develop new
mechanisms of interaction and coordination. From the framework, instances of
various fields can be created, for example, a self-organizing and decentralized
solution to the automated guided vehicles problem, as will be presented in this
dissertation.
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Proposition d’une architecture holonique auto-organisée et évolutive pour le pilotage des systèmes de production / Self-organized and evolvable holonic architecture for manufacturing controlBarbosa, José 19 February 2015 (has links)
Le monde des entreprises est profondément soumis à un ensemble de contraintes toujours plus exigeantes provenant d’une part des clients, exigeant des produits plus personnalisables, de qualité supérieure et à faible coût, et d’autre part des aléas internes auxentreprises, comprenant les pannes machines, les défaillances humaines, la fluctuation de la demande, les fréquentes variations de production. Cette thèse propose une architecture de contrôle de systèmes de production, basée sur les principes holoniques développées dans l’architecture ADACOR (ADAptive holonic COntrol aRchitecture), et l’étendant en s’inspirant des théories de l’évolution et en utilisant des mécanismes d’auto-organisation. L’utilisation des théories de l’évolution enrichit l’architecture de contrôle en permettant l’évolution de deux manières distinctes, en réponse au type et au degré de la perturbation apparue. Le premier mode d’adaptation, appelé auto-organisation comportementale, permet à chaque entité qui compose le système d’adapter dynamiquement leur comportement interne, gérant de cette façon de petites perturbations. Le second mode, nommé auto-organisation structurelle, traite de plus grandes perturbations, en permettant aux entités du système de ré-organiser leurs relations, et par conséquent modifier structurellement le système. L’architecture holonique auto-organisée de contrôle de systèmes de production proposée dans cette thèse a été validée sur une cellule de production flexible AIP-PRIMECA. Les résultats ont montré une amélioration des indicateurs clés de performance par rapport aux architectures de contrôle hiérarchiques et hétérarchiques. / The manufacturing world is being deeply challenged with a set of ever demanding constraints where from one side, the costumers are requiring products to be more customizable, with higher quality at lower prices, and on other side, companies have to deal on a daily basis with internal disturbances that range from machine breakdown to worker absence and from demand fluctuation to frequent production changes. This dissertation proposes a manufacturing control architecture, following the holonic principles developed in the ADAptive holonic COntrol aRchitecture (ADACOR) and extending it taking inspiration in evolutionary theories and making use of self- organization mechanisms. The use of evolutionary theories enrich the proposed control architecture by allowing evolution in two distinct ways, responding accordingly to the type and degree of the disturbance that appears. The first component, named behavioural self- organization, allows each system’s entity to dynamically adapt its internal behaviour, addressing small disturbances. The second component, named structural self-organization, addresses bigger disturbances by allowing the system entities to re-arrange their rela- tionships, and consequently changing the system in a structural manner. The proposed self-organized holonic manufacturing control architecture was validated at a AIP-PRIMECA flexible manufacturing cell. The achieved experimental results have also shown an improvement of the key performance indicators over the hierarchical and heterarchical control architecture.
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[en] GOVERNANCE OF OPEN MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS WITH DEPENDABILITY / [pt] GOVERNANÇA DE SISTEMAS MULTI-AGENTES ABERTOS COM FIDEDIGNIDADERODRIGO DE BARROS PAES 26 February 2008 (has links)
[pt] Sistemas multi-agentes abertos são freqüentemente
caracterizados como
sistemas distribuídos onde agentes, que podem não ser
conhecidos a priori,
podem entrar ou sair do sistema a qualquer momento. Uma
abordagem de
governança estabelece regras de interação que precisam ser
seguidas pelos
agentes de um determinado sistema. O uso destas regras
permite uma maior
previsibilidade e controle sobre o comportamento
observável do sistema. Nesta
tese, apresenta-se uma abordagem de governança de sistemas
multi-agentes
abertos como adequada para lidar não apenas com o
monitoramento e controle
do comportamento dos agentes, mas também com aspectos de
fidedignidade.
Um software é dito fidedigno quando se pode confiar no
mesmo através de
verificações formais ou informais assumindo riscos de
danos compatíveis com o
serviço prestado pelo software. A incorporação de aspectos
de fidedignidade em
uma abordagem de governança tem como principal benefício a
geração de uma
tecnologia integrada que possui as vantagens de uma
abordagem de governança
e ao mesmo tempo lida com especificações de instrumentos
de fidedignidade
tais como prevenção e tolerância a faltas. A abordagem
proposta é ilustrada
através de um estudo de caso no contexto de controle de
tráfego aéreo. / [en] Open multi-agent systems are frequently characterized by
having little or
no control over the behavior of the agents. The internal
implementation and
architecture of agents usually are inaccessible, and
different teams may have
developed them but with no coordination between them.
Furthermore, agents
may enter or leave the system at their will. A governance
approach defines the
interaction rules that must be obeyed by the agents. These
rules allow for a
greater control and predictability of the observable
system behavior. In this
thesis, we propose a governance approach to deal not only
with the monitoring
and control of agents` behavior but also to deal with
dependability concerns.
The original definition of dependability is the ability to
deliver service that can
justifiably be trusted. A governance approach that also
deals with dependability
has as main benefit the reuse of the monitoring and
enforcement present in the
governance infrastructure for dependability. We present a
case study in the
context of an air traffic control system to illustrate our
approach.
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[en] A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION OF SOFTWARE AGENTS REPUTATIONS BASED ON TESTIMONIES / [pt] UM FRAMEWORK PARA O CÁLCULO DE REPUTAÇÕES DE AGENTES DE SOFTWARE BASEADO EM TESTEMUNHOSJOSE DE SOUZA PINTO GUEDES 17 August 2007 (has links)
[pt] Mecanismos de reputação são utilizados para aumentar a
confiança e o
desempenho de sociedades virtuais. Diferentes modelos de
reputação descentralizados
foram propostos baseados em interações entre agentes. Cada
agente de software é capaz
de avaliar e armazenar as reputações dos agentes com quem
eles interagiram e também
podem testemunhar a outros agentes sobre tais reputações.
As desvantagens principais
de tais abordagens quando aplicadas em sistemas multi-
agentes abertos e de larga escala
são a dificuldade de estabelecer interações repetidas
entre os agentes, a inviabilidade,
em algumas situações, do processo de busca por
testemunhas, o fato de a reputação ser
influenciada pelo ponto de vista de um outro agente e o
fato de que os agentes podem
não estar dispostos a testemunhar colaborando com agentes
concorrentes. Esta
dissertação propõe um modelo de reputação híbrido,
reunindo características de
abordagens centralizada e descentralizada para superar
tais problemas. As reputações
são providas pelos próprios agentes de software mas também
por subsistemas
centralizados que podem ser facilmente acessados por
qualquer agente e podem
fornecer reputações seguras baseadas em testemunhos sobre
comportamentos
indesejados dos agentes, caracterizados pelas violações de
normas do sistema. Tais
subsistemas centralizados são instâncias do framework
proposto, que flexibiliza as
fórmulas de cálculo da reputação, o tempo de atualização
da mesma e permite criar
novos tipos de reputações relacionados a contextos
diferentes. / [en] Reputation mechanisms are being used to increase the
reliability and performance
of virtual societies. Different decentralized reputation
models have been proposed based
on interactions among agents. Each system agent evaluates
and stores the reputations of
the agents with whom they have interacted and can also
testify to other agents about
such reputations. The main disadvantages of such
approaches when applied to open
large-scale multi-agent systems are the difficulty of
establishing strong links between
the agents, the sometimes infeasible witness search
process, the fact of the reputation is
being influenced by the point of view of another agent and
the fact that the agents
cannot be willing to testify and collaborate with possible
competitive agents. In this
work we propose a hybrid reputation system with
centralized and decentralized
characteristics to overcome such problems. The reputations
are provided by the system
agents themselves but also by centralized subsystems that
can be easily reached by any
agent and can supply reliable reputations of any agent
based on testimonies about
undesired agent's behavior, characterized by the violation
of system norms. Such
centralized subsystems are instances of the proposed
framework.
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[en] INTENTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING: A METHOD FOR REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION, MODELING, AND ANALYSIS / [pt] ENGENHARIA DE REQUISITOS INTENCIONAL: UM MÉTODO DE ELICITAÇÃO, MODELAGEM E ANÁLISE DE REQUISITOSANTONIO DE PADUA ALBUQUERQUE OLIVEIRA 20 February 2009 (has links)
[pt] Nos dias atuais, muito mais do que no passado, é sabido que o sucesso de
projetos de software depende criticamente de requisitos. Um exemplo de GORE,
que significa Engenharia de Requisitos Orientada a Metas, é o Framework i* (iestrela).
Este afirma que os requisitos devem representar a intencionalidade do
grande número de atores sociais, os quais são pessoas ou sistemas. Dentro desse
contexto, existe ainda um vazio de métodos para cobrir o processo da elicitação de
metas. Vários métodos para SMA (Sistemas Multi-Agentes) mencionam a
elicitação das metas, mas eles não fornecem detalhes de como essa atividade é
feita, eles tratam principalmente da modelagem de metas sem antes cuidar dos
detalhes da elicitação. Em adição, modelos intencionais como exemplo o
Framework i*, podem ser complexos e até mesmo incompreensíveis. Esta tese
propõe um método chamado ERi*c – “Engenharia de Requisitos Intencional”, o
qual primeiro provê um processo de elicitação que aplica uma abordagem
“bottom-up” e simples, com perguntas que podem identificar metas concretas e
metas flexíveis. Além disso, o método Eri*c propõe uma solução para reduzir o
problema da “escalabilidade” de modelos i* que inclui heurísticas para a
especificação desses modelos. O método contém também uma estratégia para
fazer diagnósticos de modelos i* de maneira a cobrir o processo de análise de
requisitos. / [en] Nowadays, much more than in the past, it is known that the
success of
software projects depends critically on the requirements.
Goal Oriented
Requirements Engineering - GORE, for example i Framework,
says that
requirements must represent the intentionality of a large
number of social actors,
which can be people or systems. Several Multi-Agent Systems
(MAS) methods
mention goals elicitation but they do not provide details
of how this is performed,
they mainly focus on goals modeling. In this context, there
is still a lack of
methods to cover the goal elicitation process. Only after
eliciting goals,
requirements engineers will be able to deal properly with
goal models. Typically,
this is a difficult task to carry on since requirements
engineers are not familiarized
with the domain from the early stages of software
development. And,
intentionality models, for example i Framework, can be
complex and
incompreensible. This thesis proposes a method called
ERi c - Engenharia de
Requisitos Intencional which provides an inquire process
that can identify goals
and softgoals in a bottom-up and simple elicitation
approach together with one
solution to reduce the problem of scalability of i models.
The method ERi c also
includes heuristics for modeling specification and a
diagnoses aproach in order to
analyze i models.
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Integração entre sistema multi-agentes e sistemas de banco de dados distribuídos. / Integration between multi-agent systems and distributed data base systems.Carvalho, Fábio Silva 26 June 2008 (has links)
Sistemas multi-agentes devem oferecer recursos suficientes para que seus agentes possam interagir de maneira satisfatória e atingir seus objetivos. Um exemplo de recurso é um conjunto de dados armazenados em algum tipo de mecanismo de persistência, como um sistema gerenciador de banco de dados. O acesso a dados deve ser possível mesmo que eles estejam distribuídos, fato inclusive que também caracteriza os sistemas multi-agentes. Assim, este trabalho apresenta um sistema chamado DASE cujo objetivo é prover a agentes o acesso a dados distribuídos de forma simples e transparente, ou seja, independentemente da complexidade que o ambiente dos agentes possui e das peculiaridades do Sistema de Banco de Dados Distribuído. O DASE suporta qualquer Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados, seja ele centralizado ou distribuído, desde que o mesmo esteja em conformidade com o JDBC. Além disso, oferece recursos importantes como controle de concorrência, suporte a ambientes de dados simultâneos e uso de sentenças de acesso a dados pré-definidas e parametrizadas. Todos os aspectos mais importantes analisados durante o projeto deste sistema estão descritos neste trabalho, evidenciando e justificando o porquê de cada decisão que certamente refletiram no funcionamento e comportamento do DASE. O sistema foi implementado de acordo com o seu projeto, resultando em uma versão funcional e estável, o que foi comprovado através de seu uso em um projeto que envolvia sistemas multiagentes e controle de tráfego aéreo. Além disso, alguns testes de análise de desempenho considerando cenários variados foram realizados. / Multi-agent systems must offer the needed resources to allow their agents to interact and to reach their goals. An example of resource is a set of data stored in any kind of resource manager, such as a database management system. Data access must be possible even if the data is distributed, characteristic that is also present in multi-agent systems. Thus, this work describes a system whose objective is to provide to agents distributed data access in a simple and transparent way, in other words, hiding the agent environment and complexities related to distributed database systems. DASE supports any database management system, centralized or distributed, in compliance with JDBC (Java Database Connectivity). In addition it offers important features, such as concurrency control, simultaneous data environments and stored SQL sentences. All challenges and important aspects overcome in order to design and implement DASE are described, explaining and justifying every decision that in some way had a participation to form DASE set of functions and behavior. The system was implemented following its design, resulting in a functional and stable version, what could be verified through its adoption in a project based on multiagent systems and air traffic control systems. In addition, a plenty of performance tests were done regarding different scenarios.
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Um modelo conceitual para ambientes inteligentes baseado em interações formais em espaços físicos / A conceptual model for smart environments based on formal interactions in physical spacesNoriega Guerra, Crhistian Alberto 22 November 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho apresentamos um modelo para ambientes inteligentes baseado em organizações de agentes, onde interações entre entidades são associadas a espaços físicos, pessoas carregam dispositivos e se movimentam entre diferentes espaços físicos e cada espaço físico contém definições de interações (comportamentos definidos por normas) próprias do seu contexto. São definidos três componentes deste modelo: (1) modelo conceitual, (2) linguagem de especificação e (3) ambiente de execução. A separação do modelo nestes três componentes traz como principais conseqüências: (1) a ativação de um ambiente inteligente é feita através de um mecanismo de alto nível, (2) a especificação de um ambiente inteligente é independente do domínio de aplicação e (3) as especificações podem ser executadas em mecanismos diferentes de execução. / We introduce a conceptual model for smart environments based on agent organizations where interactions between entities are associated with physical spaces, people (carrying mobile devices) move between different physical spaces and these physical spaces contain definitions of interactions (behaviors defined by norms) related to each context. This model defines three components: (1) conceptual model, (2) language specification, and (3) execution environment. The separation in these three components brings as main consequences: (1) activation of a smart environment is performed through a high-level mechanism, (2) specification of a smart environment is independent of the application domain, and (3) specifications can be performed on different mechanisms of execution.
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[en] FGRUPOS: A MULTI-AGENT FRAMEWORK FOR INTEREST GROUPS FORMATION / [pt] FGRUPOS: UM FRAMEWORK MULTI-AGENTE PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE GRUPOS DE INTERESSEANGELA BRIGIDA ALBARELLO 08 July 2005 (has links)
[pt] O crescente uso da tecnologia da informação exerce nos
dias atuais grande
influência sobre o comportamento da sociedade. Isso é
parcialmente decorrente da
aplicação de novas estratégias organizacionais que fazem
com que pessoas e
entidades se beneficiem e evoluam em suas atividades. Uma
tendência observada
no presente está associada aos benefícios alcançados
quando pessoas com o
mesmo interesse se unem para a realização de uma tarefa
comum. Esta dissertação
apresenta um framework multi-agente que permite a
instanciação de aplicações
que fornecem como resultado um relatório de grupos de
interesse formados a
partir de qualquer base de dados, heurística de definição
de perfil do usuário,
heurística de definição de perfil do grupo, estratégia de
formação de grupos, e
formato de apresentação dos dados. / [en] The current growth on the use of information technology
exerts great
influence on the behavior of the society. That is
partially due to the application of
new organization strategies which assist people and
institutions on the
development of their activities. A tendency which can be
currently observed is
associated with the benefits that occur when people with
the same interest are
grouped together for the accomplishment of a common task.
This dissertation
presents a Multi Agent framework that allows for the
instantiation of applications
that generate interest groups reports from any database,
user profile definition
heuristic, group formation strategy and data presentation
format.
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