<p><font size="3"> <p>The significant increase of social problems experienced by youth such as, teenage pregnancy, child abuse, child sexual offenses, substance abuse and violence impacted adversely on optimal development including learning, retention and throughput within the school context. These social and psychological barriers to learning are commonly addressed by social workers in the course of their work with individuals, families and communities. Therefore it was a natural progression to consider the appointment of social workers in the Western Cape Education System to address the challenges presented by these problems. The practice of school social work has subsequently become essential within the Department of Education. Service delivery in the Western Cape Education Department is centralized and school social workers fall under the auspices of circuit teams with school psychologists, learning support advisors, curriculum advisors and other education officials. This multidisciplinary team is managed by circuit team managers who do not necessarily have training in the disciplines of the respective professionals in their team. This system is called the matrix management system and implies a dual management approach in which health professionals e.g. school social workers, also report to the Head of Specialized Learner and Educator Support (HSLES). The dual or matrix management of school social workers includes a circuit team manager and an &quot / acting senior school social worker.&quot / This study focused on assessing the realities of school social workers being managed under this system and sought to develop guidelines for the management of school social workers. To this end, the present study was conceptualized as Intervention Research within a modified Design and Development model. This form of applied research is used to design and develop interventions to improve social problems using participatory methods. The modification entailed four phases where each phase consisted of operational steps. The first phase focused on project planning that included problem analysis and information gathering as operational steps. This phase aimed to formulate the core problem or focus of the research through rigorous contextualization within the current body of literature on School Social Work and empirical validation using key informants including school social workers. Subsequently document analysis of literature and policies / as well as thematic analysis of interviews and focus groups were conducted. The results informed the core problem or focus for the research. The resultant finding was that dual management impacted negatively on staff morale, professional development, coordination of services, effective service delivery and more broadly posed ethical dilemmas where practices were not aligned to statutory requirements and policy prescriptions of the South Africa Council of Social Workers. The second phase, Design and development, focused on developing a set of management guidelines that would address the problems reported in the experiences of school social workers, specifically related to the dual or matrix management. During this phase data collection included a survey of SSWs, and interviews to inform the management guidelines along with the findings from Phase one. The third phase, Development and Evaluation, focused on testing the proposed guidelines for feasibility and relevance to the problems encountered in a focus group with SSWs. The core findings suggested that SSWs welcomed the statutory base for their work or scope and the explicit recommendations for line management. The participants also responded favorably to the intention, content and recommendations included in the draft guidelines. Clear recommendations were made that were incorporated into a revision of the management guidelines. The evaluation was participatory and resulted in valuable feedback that refined and modified the management guidelines for school social workers. The fourth phase, Dissemination, focused on presenting the iterative process of the research and how the core findings in each phase culminated in the management guidelines. For the purposes of the thesis, dissemination entails the formalized presentation of the development and evaluation process of the guidelines in the form of a doctoral dissertation. Appropriate summative comments are made with clear recommendations for the possible adoption of the guidelines in practice that would enable advanced evaluation in field testing.</p> </font></p>

Envisagée à partir des 15 à 30 années à venir dans l'industrie aéronautique, la propulsion hybrideélectrique permet d'intégrer de nouvelles briques technologiques offrant des degrés de libertésupplémentaires pour améliorer les performances des aéronefs, limiter l'utilisation de ressourcesfossiles et réduire l’impact environnemental des avions. Aujourd'hui, la technologie hybrideélectrique est principalement appliquée aux transports terrestres, aux voitures, aux bus et auxtrains, mais aussi aux navires. La faisabilité pour le transport aérien doit encore être établie etl'amélioration des performances des aéronefs reste à démontrer. Cette thèse vise à évaluer lesgains énergétiques apportés par l'hybridation électrique d'un avion régional de 70 places. Toutd'abord, les opportunités d'économie d'énergie sont identifiées à partir de l'analyse desrendements propulsifs et aérodynamiques d'un avion bi-turbopropulsé conventionnel. Les gainspotentiels provenant de la variation de la taille des moteurs principaux et de nouvelles gestions depuissance par l'utilisation de batteries sont étudiés. De plus, les possibles améliorationsaérodynamiques émanant de nouveaux positionnements des hélices sont considérées. Pourchaque sujet, des analyses simplifiées fournissent une estimation d'économie d'énergie. Cesrésultats sont ensuite utilisés pour sélectionner quatre systèmes propulsifs électrifiés qui sontétudiés plus en détail dans la thèse: un hybride parallèle, un turboélectrique avec propulsiondistribuée, un turboélectrique partiel à hélices hypersustentatrices, et un tout-électrique.L'évaluation des avions hybrides électriques sélectionnés est d'autant plus difficile que ledimensionnement des différentes composants, les stratégies de gestion d'énergie et les profils demission que l'on peut imaginer sont nombreux et variés. En outre, le processus global deconception de l'avion et les outils d'évaluation doivent être adaptés en conséquence. L'outilinterne de conception par optimisation multidisciplinaire d'Airbus nommé XMDO, qui inclut laplupart des modifications requises, est finalement sélectionné et développé au cours de la thèse.Par exemple, de nouveaux modèles paramétriques de composants (voilure soufflée, moteurélectrique, turbine à gaz, hélice, etc...) sont créés, une formulation générique pour résoudrel'équilibre du système de propulsion est mise en place, et les modèles de simulation de décollageet d'atterrissage sont améliorés. Afin d'évaluer l'efficacité énergétique des avions hybridesélectriques, un avion de référence équipé d'un système propulsif conventionnel est d'abordoptimisé avec XMDO. Différents algorithmes d'optimisation sont testés, et la consistance de lanouvelle méthode de conception est vérifiée. Par la suite, les configurations hybrides électriquessont toutes optimisées selon les mêmes exigences de conception que l'avion de référence. Pourles composants électriques, deux niveaux de technologie sont définis selon la date d'entrée enservice de l'aéronef. Les résultats d'optimisation pour le turbo-électrique et le turbo-électriquepartiel sont utilisés pour mieux appréhender les gains aérodynamiques potentiels identifiés enpremière partie de thèse. Les optimisations pour l'hybride parallèle, comprenant différentsscénarios de recharge batterie, mettent en évidence les meilleures stratégies de gestion d'énergielorsque des batteries sont utilisées comme sources d'énergie secondaire. Tous les résultats sontfinalement comparés à la référence en termes de consommations de carburant et d'énergie, pourles deux niveaux de technologie électrique. La dernière partie de la thèse se concentre sur l'aviontout électrique. Elle vise à identifier l'énergie spécifique minimale requise pour les batteries enfonction de la distance maximale à parcourir. Une étude de sensibilité est également réalisée enfonction de la date d'entrée en service pour les autres composants électriques / Envisioned in the next 15 to 30 years in the aviation industry, hybrid-electric propulsion offers theopportunity to integrate new technology bricks providing additional degrees of freedom to improveoverall aircraft performance, limit the use of non-renewable fossil resources and reduce the aircraftenvironmental footprint. Today, hybrid-electric technology has mainly been applied to groundbased transports, cars, buses and trains, but also ships. The feasibility in the air industry has to beestablished and the improvement in aircraft performance has still to be demonstrated. This thesisaims to evaluate the energy savings enabled by electric power in the case of a 70-seat regionalaircraft. First, energy saving opportunities are identified from the analysis of the propulsion andaerodynamic efficiencies of a conventional twin turboprop aircraft. The potential benefits comingfrom the variation of the size of prime movers and the new power managements with the use ofbatteries are studied. Also, possible aerodynamic improvements enabled by new propellerintegrations are considered. For each topic, simplified analyses provide estimated potential ofenergy saving. These results are then used to select four electrified propulsion systems that arestudied in more detail in the thesis: a parallel-hybrid, a turboelectric with distributed propulsion, apartial-turboelectric with high-lift propellers and an all-electric. Evaluating the selected hybrid-electric aircraft is even more challenging that the sizing of the different components, the energymanagement strategies and the mission profiles one can imagine are many and varied. Inaddition, the overall aircraft design process and the evaluation tools need to be adaptedaccordingly. The Airbus in-house Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation platform named XMDO,which includes most of the required modifications, is eventually selected and further developedduring the thesis. For examples, new parametric component models (blown wing, electrical motor,gas turbine, propeller, etc…) are created, a generic formulation for solving the propulsion systemequilibrium is implemented, and simulation models for take-off and landing are improved. In orderto evaluate the energy efficiency of the hybrid-electric aircraft, a reference aircraft equipped with aconventional propulsion system is first optimised with XMDO. Different optimisation algorithms aretested, and the consistency of the new design method is checked. Then, all the hybrid-electricconfigurations are optimised under the same aircraft design requirements as the reference. Forthe electrical components, two levels of technology are defined regarding the service entry date ofthe aircraft. The optimisation results for the turboelectric and the partial-turboelectric are used tobetter understand the potential aerodynamic improvements identified in the first part of the thesis.Optimisations for the parallel-hybrid, including different battery recharge scenarios, highlight thebest energy management strategies when batteries are used as secondary energy sources. All theresults are finally compared to the reference in terms of fuel and energy efficiencies, for the twoelectrical technology levels. The last part of the thesis focuses on the all-electric aircraft, and aimsat identifying the minimum specific energy required for batteries as a function of the aircraft designrange. A trade study is also carried-out in accordance with the service entry date for the otherelectrical components

Dans un environnement économique à faible croissance et à forte concurrence, l'avance technologique est importante, mais très souvent ne suffit plus. Pour être compétitif, il convient aussi, de faire le bon produit, c'est-à dire le produit qui correspond aux réels besoins, attentes et caractéristiques des utilisateurs. Par conséquent, l'usage du produit devient une source d'innovation pour les entreprises industrielles. Pour intégrer l'usage d'un produit en conception, nous choisissons d'étudier les phases de convergence multidisciplinaire sur le couple produit/usage car ce sont des phases de collaboration forte entre les acteurs métiers tout au long du processus de conception. Les différentes disciplines, connaissances et pratiques impliquées dans les projets de conception, rendent le transfert des connaissances difficile entre les acteurs métiers durant ces phases. Face à cette problématique, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux Objets Intermédiaires de Conception (OICs) (ex.prototype virtuel, maquette physique, etc.) comme moyen pour faciliter l'échange et la communication entre les acteurs métiers. Notre objectif est d'améliorer la collaboration entre les acteurs à travers l'étude des OICs et une meilleure compréhension des apports de ces objets. Dans nos travaux de thèse, nous indiquons l'intérêt de l'ajout d'interactions dédiées aux acteurs métier à l'OIC pour améliorer la qualité de la collaboration sur le couple produit/usage. Cela a été montré à travers le développement et la validation d'un outil d'annotation et sketching 2D (Virtusketches) en environnement virtuel immersif. Nos résultats montrent des différences significatives entre prototype virtuel (sur une plateforme de réalité virtuelle) et modèle CAO (sur un système CAO) concernant la qualité de collaboration et les objectifs des acteurs métier durant des revues de projets de conception. Nous proposons aussi une approche méthodologique DCDO (Démarche méthodologique de Choix et de Définition des OICs) pour le choix et la définition des OICs. L'une des originalités de cette approche réside dans le fait de considérer tous lesaspects liés à la définition de l'OIC dans le contexte de la convergence sur le couple produit/usage. Cette approche méthodologique a été implémentée et mise en pratique dans un module de revue de projet en environnement PLM(Product Lifecycle Management). / In our economic environment with low growth and high competition, technological advance is important, but often not enough. To be competitive, it is also necessary to propose a product which corresponds to the real needs, expectations and characteristics of users. Therefore, product use becomes a source of innovation by industrial companies. In order to integrate product use in design process, we choose to study the multidisciplinary convergence phases about the product and its related use because they are phases of strong collaboration between design actors. However, different disciplines, knowledge and practices involved in design projects, make the transfer of knowledge between design actors difficult. To this end, we are particularly interested in Intermediary Objects of Design (IOs) (ex. Virtual prototype, physical prototype, etc.) as a means to facilitate the exchange and communication between design actors. Our goal is to improve collaboration between design actors through the study of IOs, a better understanding of theirs contributions and the definition of a methodology that allows designactors to define these objects depending on their own needs and expectations. In this context, we indicate the interest of adding interactions dedicated to design actors through the IOs to improve the quality of collaboration. This has been shown through the developing and validating an annotation and 2D (Virtusketches) sketching tool in immersive virtual environment. Our results also show significant differences between a virtual prototype using (virtual reality platform) and CAD model (using CAD system) concerning the quality of collaboration and the realized objectives in design reviews. We also propose a methodological approach for the choice and the definition of IOs (DCDO). One of the originalities of this approach lies in the fact to consider all aspects related to the definition of the IOs in the context of convergence on the product/use couple. This methodological approach has been implemented and put into practice using an application to prepare project reviews in PLM (Product Lifecycle Management).environment.

Hepatitis C is a fast growing infectious disease in Australia and is often associated with related psycho-social and mental health problems. The conventional treatment process for hepatitis C is challenging due to a number of reasons. This study explored social workers’ perceptions of the contribution of their role in hepatitis C treatment centres in relation to the treatment experience of patients. The roles that social workers fulfill, their contribution to the multidisciplinary team and towards a culturally competent service, were explored. Furthermore the knowledge, skills and values required for providing a competent service in a hepatitis C treatment setting was explored. The broad theoretical frameworks that inform social work practice were considered, especially the biopsycho-social model, the strengths perspective, the critically reflexive approach and communications theory. This qualitative study used a semi-structured interview method for data collection. Ten social workers in hepatitis C treatment clinics participated in the study. The findings highlight the needs of patients and how social worker participants described helping to address and meet these needs by employing their knowledge, skills and values through their social work roles and interventions in a team context in a multicultural and multi-faceted work environment. A major challenge that social workers described was to keep patients on treatment despite debilitating side effects that diminish patients' motivation to complete treatment. A shortcoming in the service was described to be the limited psychiatric support available at many treatment centres. The findings lead to a number of recommendations to improve social work services in hepatitis C treatment settings. More research was recommended in areas such as motivational techniques, psychiatric support, and effective group work strategies. The need for increased funding for social work positions in the hepatitis C field was also highlighted. It is anticipated that findings of this study can be applied to hepatitis C treatment in broader settings such as prisons, drug and alcohol settings and general practice. This research will contribute to literature in the field of hepatitis C treatment models and in the field of social work practice in hepatitis C contexts.

Hepatitis C is a fast growing infectious disease in Australia and is often associated with related psycho-social and mental health problems. The conventional treatment process for hepatitis C is challenging due to a number of reasons. This study explored social workers’ perceptions of the contribution of their role in hepatitis C treatment centres in relation to the treatment experience of patients. The roles that social workers fulfill, their contribution to the multidisciplinary team and towards a culturally competent service, were explored. Furthermore the knowledge, skills and values required for providing a competent service in a hepatitis C treatment setting was explored. The broad theoretical frameworks that inform social work practice were considered, especially the biopsycho-social model, the strengths perspective, the critically reflexive approach and communications theory. This qualitative study used a semi-structured interview method for data collection. Ten social workers in hepatitis C treatment clinics participated in the study. The findings highlight the needs of patients and how social worker participants described helping to address and meet these needs by employing their knowledge, skills and values through their social work roles and interventions in a team context in a multicultural and multi-faceted work environment. A major challenge that social workers described was to keep patients on treatment despite debilitating side effects that diminish patients' motivation to complete treatment. A shortcoming in the service was described to be the limited psychiatric support available at many treatment centres. The findings lead to a number of recommendations to improve social work services in hepatitis C treatment settings. More research was recommended in areas such as motivational techniques, psychiatric support, and effective group work strategies. The need for increased funding for social work positions in the hepatitis C field was also highlighted. It is anticipated that findings of this study can be applied to hepatitis C treatment in broader settings such as prisons, drug and alcohol settings and general practice. This research will contribute to literature in the field of hepatitis C treatment models and in the field of social work practice in hepatitis C contexts.

Hepatitis C is a fast growing infectious disease in Australia and is often associated with related psycho-social and mental health problems. The conventional treatment process for hepatitis C is challenging due to a number of reasons. This study explored social workers’ perceptions of the contribution of their role in hepatitis C treatment centres in relation to the treatment experience of patients. The roles that social workers fulfill, their contribution to the multidisciplinary team and towards a culturally competent service, were explored. Furthermore the knowledge, skills and values required for providing a competent service in a hepatitis C treatment setting was explored. The broad theoretical frameworks that inform social work practice were considered, especially the biopsycho-social model, the strengths perspective, the critically reflexive approach and communications theory. This qualitative study used a semi-structured interview method for data collection. Ten social workers in hepatitis C treatment clinics participated in the study. The findings highlight the needs of patients and how social worker participants described helping to address and meet these needs by employing their knowledge, skills and values through their social work roles and interventions in a team context in a multicultural and multi-faceted work environment. A major challenge that social workers described was to keep patients on treatment despite debilitating side effects that diminish patients' motivation to complete treatment. A shortcoming in the service was described to be the limited psychiatric support available at many treatment centres. The findings lead to a number of recommendations to improve social work services in hepatitis C treatment settings. More research was recommended in areas such as motivational techniques, psychiatric support, and effective group work strategies. The need for increased funding for social work positions in the hepatitis C field was also highlighted. It is anticipated that findings of this study can be applied to hepatitis C treatment in broader settings such as prisons, drug and alcohol settings and general practice. This research will contribute to literature in the field of hepatitis C treatment models and in the field of social work practice in hepatitis C contexts.

<p>Uppsatsen innehåller en studie av hur etiska regler, vilka framför allt återfinns inom advokatyrket, påverkar konkurrensen och de konflikter som uppstår mellan de svenska och europeiska konkurrensreglerna och dessa etiska regler. Mer specfikt identifieras vilka konkurrenshämmande effekter dessa regler medför, och vilka alternativ som finns för att kombinera etiska regler och konkurrensregler på ett sådant sätt att minsta möjliga skada uppstår för konsumenterna av advokattjänster. Resultatet av uppsatsen är att vissa etiska regler bör elimineras eller modifieras, eftersom de påverkar marknaden på ett negativt sätt utan att medföra motsvarande vinster annorstädes. The essay contains a studie on how ethical rules, here represented by the rules for the law profession, influence the competition. Furthermore are the conflicts that appear between the ethical rules and the Swedish and European competition rules identified and analysed. Different solutions are discussed with the purpose of reducing consumer damage on the law service market to a minimum. The conclusion of the essay is that some of the ethical rules that presently exist on the law service market are partly or fully useless, and/or bring about unnecessary restrictions without positive effects on other parts of the economy.</p>

<p>The thesis focuses on Bolivian Indians who are assimilated into ethnic groups as one of many consequences of the colonial past. An understanding of the complexity of this construction draws from disciplines such as Anthropology, Archaeology, History, Sociology, in an effort to expose the power relations behind the construction. Departing from written sources and the general belief that the area would lodge the most ancient of such Indians, the Uru from Lake Poopó, a specific location has been selected in the Oruro province of the mid Bolivian highlands. The province is named after this people. The identity of the Uru people has been established by reference to other Indians in the Bolivian Andes known as the Aymara or the Quechua. Colonial accounts written by the Spanish conquerors, including priests, soldiers and commoners, as well as modern sources are discussed and analysed. The fieldwork combines archaeological and anthropological methods. Finally, the importance of multidisciplinary approaches is discussed in an effort to contribute to an understanding of multi-cause phenomena in this case the constructed ethnic identity of the Uru people.</p>

Uppsatsen innehåller en studie av hur etiska regler, vilka framför allt återfinns inom advokatyrket, påverkar konkurrensen och de konflikter som uppstår mellan de svenska och europeiska konkurrensreglerna och dessa etiska regler. Mer specfikt identifieras vilka konkurrenshämmande effekter dessa regler medför, och vilka alternativ som finns för att kombinera etiska regler och konkurrensregler på ett sådant sätt att minsta möjliga skada uppstår för konsumenterna av advokattjänster. Resultatet av uppsatsen är att vissa etiska regler bör elimineras eller modifieras, eftersom de påverkar marknaden på ett negativt sätt utan att medföra motsvarande vinster annorstädes. The essay contains a studie on how ethical rules, here represented by the rules for the law profession, influence the competition. Furthermore are the conflicts that appear between the ethical rules and the Swedish and European competition rules identified and analysed. Different solutions are discussed with the purpose of reducing consumer damage on the law service market to a minimum. The conclusion of the essay is that some of the ethical rules that presently exist on the law service market are partly or fully useless, and/or bring about unnecessary restrictions without positive effects on other parts of the economy.

The thesis focuses on Bolivian Indians who are assimilated into ethnic groups as one of many consequences of the colonial past. An understanding of the complexity of this construction draws from disciplines such as Anthropology, Archaeology, History, Sociology, in an effort to expose the power relations behind the construction. Departing from written sources and the general belief that the area would lodge the most ancient of such Indians, the Uru from Lake Poopó, a specific location has been selected in the Oruro province of the mid Bolivian highlands. The province is named after this people. The identity of the Uru people has been established by reference to other Indians in the Bolivian Andes known as the Aymara or the Quechua. Colonial accounts written by the Spanish conquerors, including priests, soldiers and commoners, as well as modern sources are discussed and analysed. The fieldwork combines archaeological and anthropological methods. Finally, the importance of multidisciplinary approaches is discussed in an effort to contribute to an understanding of multi-cause phenomena in this case the constructed ethnic identity of the Uru people.