La filosofía actual del diseño estructural para edificios en Lima pone al sistema de concreto armado como el más eficiente y económico entre los sistemas existentes; pero hay un sistema capaz de igualar los beneficios del sistema de concreto armado e incluso mejorarlos, el cual es llamado sistema de concreto postensado. En la actualidad, Perú ha adoptado el sistema de concreto armado como el pionero a usarse en la construcción de edificios para vivienda familiar. Un estudio realizado por la INEI corroboro que Lima, ciudad que alberga la gran mayoría de habitantes del país y que ostenta la mayor cantidad de condominios multifamiliares, concentra la mayor parte de conjuntos habitacionales construidos en base a concreto armado en todo el país (47.9 %). Un método tradicional que no se quiere dejar de lado dado el tiempo de uso y el desconocimiento sobre otros métodos capaces de ser mejores a este. Pero el método de concreto postensado podría ser más efectivo y hasta ahorrativo al momento de pensar en la cantidad de materiales y tiempo a usar. Es así como se plantea una comparación de ambos métodos estructurales, con el fin de verificar y dar a conocer a la comunidad ingenieril los beneficios y desventajas de ambos, y que, de esta forma, se tenga información sobre qué sistema podría ser más efectivos a la hora del levantamiento de un edificio multifamiliar. / The current philosophy of structural design for buildings in Lima places the reinforced concrete system as the most efficient and economical among existing systems; but there is a system capable of equalizing the benefits of the reinforced concrete system and even improving them, which is called post-tensioned concrete system. Currently, Peru has adopted the reinforced concrete system as the pioneer to be used in the construction of buildings for family housing. A study carried out by the INEI bear out that Lima, the city that houses the great majority of the country's inhabitants and that boasts the largest number of multifamily condominiums, concentrates most of the housing assemblies built on the basis of reinforced concrete throughout the country (47.9%). A traditional method that no one wants to ignore given the time of use and ignorance about other methods capable of being better than this. But the post-tensioned concrete method could be more effective and even thrifty when thinking about the amount of materials and time to use. This is how a comparison of both structural methods is proposed, in order to verify and make known to the engineering community the benefits and disadvantages of both, and that, in this way, there is information on which system could be more effective at the time of the erecting of a multi-family building. / Tesis

[pt] O Rio de Janeiro é uma cidade de alta densidade demográfica em uma situação geográfica excepcional, entre o mar, as montanhas e diversas lagoas. Uma parcela de sua população, de aproximadamente 6 milhões de habitantes, vive em edifícios de apartamentos. Em muitos bairros não há mais terrenos disponíveis para novas edificações. A construção sustentável é necessária para redução de consumos e desperdícios, assim como a fundamental atenção a aspectos de conforto ambiental e sociais (o morador). Visando a melhoria da qualidade de vida e para atingir um estágio de sustentabilidade será necessário pensar em como aperfeiçoar os edifícios e quadras existentes. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro há diversos proprietários e locatários, sendo importante elaborar uma estratégia específica para desenvolver uma renovação do parque construído. A presente tese aborda: os edifícios residenciais no Rio de Janeiro (e a legislação), a construção sustentável, a renovação de edifícios e quadras, recomendações para projetos de acordo com as características climáticas e verificações sobre as condições existentes (físicas, ambientais e sociais). Foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso em uma quadra típica no famoso e de alta densidade demográfica bairro de Copacabana (96 porcento de seus moradores vivem em apartamentos, sendo 1/3 com mais de 60 anos) que teve praticamente todos os seus prédios e quadras construídos entre 1940 e 1960 com características semelhantes como: estrutura em concreto, edifícios de 10 e 12 pavimentos e com pouco ou nenhum afastamento entre si. / [en] Rio de Janeiro is a very dense city in an exceptional geography situation between the sea, the mountains and some lakes. The population of six million inhabitants only in the municipality area lives mainly in apartments buildings. In some neighborhoods there are no empty sites for new constructions. Sustainable construction is a necessary step to reduce the consumption and the waste, and also the focus in the comfort conditions and social aspects (the dwellers). To improve the quality of living and achieve the environmental goals it is necessary to think how to upgrade the quality of existing buildings and blocks. In Rio de Janeiro each building has different owners and dwellers, and it will be important to work in a specific strategy to develop the building stock renovation. This thesis involves: apartment buildings in Rio de Janeiro (including the legislation), sustainable construction, renovation (refurbishment) of buildings and blocks, design recommendations according to the climatic conditions in Rio de Janeiro, and the verification of apartment building conditions (physical, environmental and social). One case study in a regular block of a very dense and famous neighborhood named Copacabana (96 percent of dwellers in this neighborhood live in apartments and 1/3 is older than 60 years old) was developed. Copacabana has almost all the buildings and blocks built during the 1940 and 1960 decades with common features like: concrete structure, buildings with 10 to 12 floors, and no distance between them.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MatheusJCRD.pdf: 8164370 bytes, checksum: 41f511c06d1cf35f3a26af93806d4f33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / Confirming the Brazilian tendency in the field, the multifamily vertical condominium habitats in Natal are defined as buildings with three or more floors which have been an increasingly used solution. In the mentioned project, the connection between the projectarchitects and the user/ buyers are spread out, by which the first people conceive the realestate property as a creation for the market and not the individual client in specific. Such situation along with technical and financial limitations of the project lead to the adoption of standard solutions to be utilized by clients with different profiles. Besides that, there are various legal and urban parameters by the City Director Plan showing elements of great influence in the final solution adopted by the mentioned edifices. Moving to this subject in general, this project is focused on the case study of the Ed. Ville de Montpellier, having as a base of Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE), considered an efficient tool to analyze and keep up with the progress of the construction of the building, including technical approvals, the application of surveys with the local residents and the creation of informal interviews. The data shows that with time some items that initially motivated the acquisition of the realestate property (with a social common area) move to being less valued, and that the residents quickly alter the pre constructed space, thus seeking to alter the property in a more personal and conforming manner. The possibility of a new emphasis for projects on the mentioned space should also be in discussion, the created project calls for the attention of projected conceptual aspects and interdependence within project and construction which permits the indication of some recommendations for the projection of multifamily residential buildings within the studied realm / Confirmando tend?ncia brasileira na ?rea, em Natal, a habita??o em condom?nios verticais multifamiliares, constitu?dos por edif?cios com mais de tr?s pavimentos, tem sido uma solu??o crescentemente utilizada. Nesse tipo de projeto, no entanto, a liga??o entre os arquitetosprojetistas e os usu?rios/compradores ? difusa, pois os primeiros concebem o im?vel tendo em vista uma demanda de mercado e n?o um cliente espec?fico. Tal situa??o, aliada ?s limita??es t?cnicas e financeiras do empreendimento, conduz ? ado??o de solu??es standard a serem utilizadas por clientes de perfis diferentes. Al?m disso, os v?rios par?metros urban?sticos e legais definidos pelo Plano Diretor da cidade mostramse elementos de grande influ?ncia na solu??o final adotada para essas edifica??es. Partindo desse quadro geral, esse trabalho realiza o estudo de caso do Ed. Ville de Montpellier, tendo como base a avalia??o p?socupa??o (APO), considerada eficiente ferramenta para an?lise e acompanhamento do desempenho edil?cio. No trabalho, de cunho qualitativo descritivo, foram utilizados multim?todos envolvendo: an?lise de documentos relacionados ao pr?dio em quest?o, vistoria t?cnica, aplica??o de question?rios com moradores e realiza??o de entrevistas informais. Os dados mostram que, com o tempo, alguns itens que inicialmente motivaram a aquisi??o do im?vel (como a ?rea social comum) passam a ser menos valorizados, e que rapidamente os moradores alteram o espa?o padronizado, buscando adequ?lo aos seus desejos e necessidades. Discutindo a possibilidade de novo enfoque para projetos arquitet?nicos nesta ?rea, o trabalho chama a aten??o para aspectos de concep??o projetual e a interdepend?ncia entre projeto e obra, e permite a indica??o de algumas recomenda??es para a projeta??o de edif?cios residenciais multifamiliares na realidade estudada

En muchos países sufren bastantes movimientos sísmicos, que en algunos casos de severa intensidad, que han ocasionado pérdidas de vidas humanas, económicas. Por ello, se realiza el diseño de edificaciones para soportar sismo de gran intensidad y que el comportamiento de la estructura sea inelástico, para que no pueda colapsar y permita la evacuación de las personas. Ante esta situación, la estructura queda severamente dañada y el costo de reparación es alto. En las últimas décadas, se ha generado sistemas de protecciones sísmicas, lo que engloba un amplio estudio de variedades y tipos de investigaciones. Uno de los temas más estudiados son los sistemas de aisladores sísmicos, ya que separa la superestructura del suelo, es decir que los desplazamientos y aceleraciones de la estructura y del suelo son diferentes. En este estudio se propone el uso del sistema de aisladores sísmicos, con el uso del aislador elastomérico con núcleo de plomo (Lead Rubber Bearing, siglas en ingles LRB), se hace el diseño del aislador de un edificio de concreto armado de diferentes alturas (6, 8 y 10 pisos) con 4 normas de diferentes países (NTP E.031, NCh 2745, ASCE 7-16 y NZS 1170.5). Para poder identificar los factores de mayor importancia en un diseño de aislador. Finalmente, se realiza la comparación de las derivas, desplazamientos y aceleraciones. / In many countries they suffer quite a few seismic movements, which in some cases of severe intensity, that have caused loss of human lives, economic losses. For this reason, buildings are designed to withstand high-intensity earthquakes and the behavior of the structure is inelastic, so that it cannot collapse and allows the evacuation of people. In this situation, the structure is severely damaged and the cost of repair is high. In the last decades, systems of seismic protection have been generated, which includes a wide study of varieties and types of investigations. One of the most studied subjects is the systems of seismic isolators, since it separates the superstructure from the soil, that is to say, the displacements and accelerations of the structure and the soil are different. In this study, the use of the seismic isolator system is proposed, with the use of the elastomeric lead rubber bearing (LRB), the isolator design of a reinforced concrete building of different heights (6, 8 and 10 floors) with 4 standards from different countries (NTP E.031, NCh 2745, ASCE 7-16 and NZS 1170.5). In order to identify the most important factors in an insulator design. Finally, the comparison of drifts, displacements and accelerations is made. / Tesis

Nuestro proyecto busca demostrar que se puede mejorar el desempeño sísmico de las edificaciones empleando aisladores sin afectar la rentabilidad del proyecto. Para ello, se evaluó aplicarlo en el proyecto “Residencial Hungría” el cual se trata de un edificio multifamiliar de 12 departamentos y 10 estacionamientos distribuidos en 4 pisos y un semisótano respectivamente. Se modifico la configuración original del proyecto y se incluyó un sistema de aisladores de base con núcleo de plomo con el fin de comparar la rentabilidad entre ambos proyectos (Original y modificado con aisladores). Los resultados obtenidos en la primera etapa muestran que ante un número reducido de pisos (04 pisos) la rentabilidad del proyecto modificado con aisladores es menor a la original, sin embargo, luego de evaluar múltiples opciones, se obtuvo que a partir de 07 pisos tiene un VAN de S/ 172,077 un TIR de 24 % mayor al COK que es de 20%. Sabemos que en la Filosofía y Principios del Diseño Sismorresistente contenidos en la Norma E.030 del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones se reconoce que dar protección completa frente a todos los sismos no es técnica ni económicamente factible para la mayoría de las estructuras, es por ello por lo que el uso de los aisladores está enfocado principalmente a estructuras del sector salud y educación. Con esto proyecto queremos propiciar la aplicación de aisladores a más proyectos de edificaciones y viviendas multifamiliares, verificando que, si puede ser rentable económicamente para el constructor, lo cual beneficiaría la demanda desatendida de la población que requiere una vivienda más segura y con mejor desempeño ante un sismo, y que minimice los costos de reparación, muertes y damnificados ante un eventual movimiento sísmico de alto impacto aun teniendo que invertir un porcentaje adicional en la compra del inmueble. / This research demonstrate that the seismic performance of buildings can be improved by using isolators without affecting the profitability of the project. For this, it was evaluated in the "Residential Hungria" project, which is a multifamily building with 12 apartments and 10 parking spaces distributed in 4 floors and a semi- basement, respectively. The original configuration of the project was modified and a system of base insulators with lead core was included in order to compare the profitability between both projects (Original and modified with insulators). The results obtained in the first stage show that with a reduced number of floors (04 floors) the profitability of the project modified with insulators is lower than the original one, however, after evaluating multiple options, it was obtained that from 07 floors it have a NPV of S / 172,077 an IIR of 24% higher than the COK which is 20%. We know the Philosophy and Principles of Earthquake Resistant Design contained in Standard E.030 of the National Building Regulations, it is recognized that providing complete protection against all earthquakes is not technically or economically feasible for most structures, which is why isolators is mainly focused on structures in the health and education sectors. With this project we want to promote the application of insulators to more projects of buildings and multifamily housing, verifying that, it can be economically profitable for the builder, which would benefit the unattended demand of the population that requires a anti seismic building prepared for an earthquake, minimizes repair costs, deaths and victims in eventual high-impact seismic movement even having to invest an additional percentage in the purchase of the property. / Trabajo de investigación

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-08-22T12:10:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_SistematizacaoFluxoInformacoes.pdf: 2799363 bytes, checksum: ee3890404b826265adcfc31b8032a86e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-08-23T13:00:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_SistematizacaoFluxoInformacoes.pdf: 2799363 bytes, checksum: ee3890404b826265adcfc31b8032a86e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-23T13:00:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_SistematizacaoFluxoInformacoes.pdf: 2799363 bytes, checksum: ee3890404b826265adcfc31b8032a86e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / O trabalho trata do fluxo de informações no processo de desenvolvimento de projetos, de edificações comerciais e multifamiliares verticais, gerados a partir das rotinas de comunicação entre empresa construtora, arquiteto, projetistas de estrutura, de instalações elétricas e hidrosanitárias e os procedimentos por eles aplicados, para se alcançar a qualidade desejada dos projetos. São investigados a problemática das metodologias tradicionais de projeto e a aplicabilidade de conceitos de engenharia simultânea, sugerindo a realização em paralelo das varias etapas do processo, desenvolvimento integrado de projetos do produto e da produção, estabelecimento de equipes ultidisciplinares e uma maior orientação para a satisfação do cliente final. É apresentado um método de análise capaz de identificar a maturidade das empresas construtoras para a implantação da engenharia simultânea e a explicitação do fluxo de informações, fornecendo uma visão global do processo de projeto. São realizados três estudos de caso consultando três empresas construtoras e incorporadoras e seus respectivos projetistas: arquiteto, engenheiro estrutural, elétrico e hidrosanitário, os quais corroboram as hipóteses estabelecidas na pesquisa. Como conclusão recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de modelos de processo de projeto baseados nos princípios de engenharia simultânea e métodos que possam vir a oferecer uma visão global do processo, dando suporte aos intervenientes na troca sistematizada e racionalizada das informações, objetivando a introdução de ferramentas que possam contribuir para uma modelagem do processo de projeto harmonizada com os princípios de qualidade. / This work deals with information flow in relation to process development in the field of vertical multihomes or commercial building projects. This kind of flow comes from usual exchange of ideas in regard the procedures involving building companies, architecture professionals, structure designers, electric and hydrosanitary professionals and procedures applied by them to reach the degree of quality of the projects. Traditional methods and application of concurrent engineering concepts are investigated in order to suggest additional planning of the different phases of the process; products and production projects, leading to make up of multimatter teams of professionals, besides better orientation to reach complete owner satisfaction. A method of analysis is introduced to identify build companies maturity as to concurrent engineering implantation and to information flow explanation to get a global sight of the project process. Three case studies are accomplished, inquiring three building companies and incorporated ones and their planners such as: architect, structural, electric and sanitary engineers, who examined the research hypothesis. As result it is recommended the developing of project process models, based on concurrent engineering principles and methods providing global view of the process to support intervenients in the systematic and rational exchange of information aiming introduction of tools to contribute to a molding project process in accordance to quality principles.