Choi, Man Wing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-139). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Antigen presenting cells (APC) in Immune systems --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Dendritic cells --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Differentiation of dendritic cells in mice --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Maturation of dendritic cells --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Stimulation and polarization of T cells stimulated by dendritic cells --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Monocyte and macrophage --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Differentiation of monocyte and macrophage in humans --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Changes involved in differentiation of monocytes into macrophages --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Isolation, structure and activity of mushroom polysaccharides" --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Sources of mushroom polysaccharides --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Extraction methods --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of mushroom polysaccharides --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Previous studies on immunomodulatory effects of mushroom sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3 --- Recognition of β-glucan by specific receptors --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Complement Receptor 3 (CR3) --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Introduction of CR3 --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Expressions of CR3 to recognize fungi --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Dectin-1 --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Introduction of Dectin-1 --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Structure of Full-length Dectin-1 --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3.2.2.1 --- Isoforms of Dectin-1 in Mice --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.2.2.2 --- Isoforms of Dectin-1 in Humans --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Immune responses triggered by of Dectin-1 --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Toll-like 2 receptor (TLR2) --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Introduction of TLR2 --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Structure of TLR2 --- p.33 / Chapter 1.3.3.3 --- Immune responses triggered by TLR2 --- p.34 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Objectives --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mushroom sclerotia --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Polysaccharide extraction from mushroom sclerotia --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Antibodies and reagents --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Human acute leukocyte monocytic cell line and culture medium --- p.42 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Preparation of murine bone marrow-derived immature dendritic primary cells (immature BMDCs) --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemical Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Measurement of monosaccharide profile --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.1.1 --- Acid depolymerisation --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.1.2 --- Neutral sugar derivatization --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.1.1.3 --- Gas chromatography (GC) --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Determination of total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Determination of protein content by Lowry-Folin Method --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Size exclusion chromatography by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Endotoxin detection --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Measurement of Bioactivities --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Trypan blue exclusion assay --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- MTT cell proliferation assay --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- BrdU cell proliferation assay --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Expression of cell surface markers --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Phagocytosis / Endocytosis of FITC-labeled dextrans --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Nitric oxide production assay --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.2.7 --- Reactive oxygen species production --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.2.8 --- Determination of cytokine profile using cytokine antibody array --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.2.9 --- Cell cycle analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.2.10 --- Expression of surface receptors --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.2.11 --- Statistical analysis --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1 --- Chemical characteristics of sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- The yield of sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Total carbohydrate content of sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Protein content of sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.66 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Monosaccharide profiles of sclerotial polysaccharides from PR by gas chromatography (GC) --- p.66 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Molecular weight of sclerotial polysaccharides from PR by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) --- p.69 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Endotoxin test --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2 --- Immune responses for human monocytic cell line THP-1 --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- MTT cell viability assay --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- BrdU cell proliferation assay --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Change in cell morphology of THP-1 --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Phenotypic maturation of THP-1 --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Up-regulated phagocytic ability of THP-1 --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Increased nitrite production in THP-1 --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Production of reactive oxygen species --- p.88 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Human cytokines profile array --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Cell cycle analysis --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Surface receptors expression --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Summary --- p.98 / Chapter 3.3 --- Immune responses for murine immature BMDCs --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Inhibition effects on murine immature BMDCs --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Change in cell morphology of murine immature BMDCs --- p.103 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Phenotypic maturation of murine immature BMDCs --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Down-regulation of endocytosis in murine immature BMDCs --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Increased nitrite production --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Decreased expression of CD 11c in PRW-treated immature BMDCs --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Cytokine profile detection --- p.112 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Surface receptors expression --- p.116 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Summary --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusion and future works --- p.123 / Appendix --- p.125 / References --- p.126

Lai, Tsz Ching. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-136). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements / Abstract / 摘要 / Content / List of tables / List of figures / List of abbreviations / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction of food market trends in Hong Kong and mushroom productivity in the world --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Agrocybe aegerita --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Pleurotus spp --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Pholiota nameko --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Chemical assays for in vitro antioxidative properties of mushroom extracts --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Definition of ROS --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Sources of ROS --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1.2.1 --- Endogenous sources of ROS --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1.2.2 --- Exogenous sources of ROS --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Damaging effects of ROS --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Antioxidants --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Mechanism of action --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Sources of antioxidants --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2.2.1 --- Dietary antioxidants --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2.2.2 --- Antioxidants in edible mushrooms --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2.2.3 --- Phenolic compounds in mushrooms --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Materials --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Mushroom fruiting bodies --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Principles of Methods and Experimental Protocols --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Evaluation of antioxidant capacity --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.1 --- DPPH radical scavenging activity --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.2 --- Superoxide anion scavenging activity --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.3 --- Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.4 --- Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Determination of phenolic compounds --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.1 --- Total phenolic content --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.2 --- Identification of phenolic acids --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Extraction yield --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Evaluation of antioxidant capacity --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- DPPH radical scavenging activity --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Superoxide anion scavenging activity --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.2.4 --- Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2.5 --- Comparison of the effective concentrations (EC50) of mushroom water extracts in different antioxidant assays --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Determination of phenolic compounds --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Total phenolic content --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Identification of phenolic acids --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Anti-angiogenic properties of the Aa water extract --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Angiogenesis --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Process of angiogenesis --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Regulations of angiogenesis --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1.1.2.1 --- Fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1.1.2.2 --- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Tumor angiogenesis --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- ROS generation in tumor cells --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Hydrogen peroxide and VEGF --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- Previous studies on tumor angiogenesis --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.2.3.1 --- ROS and endothelial cells proliferation --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1.2.3.2 --- VEGF and endothelial cells functions --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Use of antioxidants in cancer treatment --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Antioxidant use of cancer therapy --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Antioxidant and endothelial cells functions --- p.54 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Anti-angiogenic effects of polyphenols --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.3.3.1 --- Phenolic acids --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.3.3.2 --- Tea catechin --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.3.3.3 --- Resveratrol --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.3.3.4 --- Genistein --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2 --- Principles of Methods and Experimental Protocols --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Toxicity of the Aa water extract --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Toxicity towards normal cells --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.2.2.1 --- Cell line and its subculture --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.2.2.2 --- Colorimetric (MTT) assay --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Effect of the Aa water extract on cancer cells --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Cell line and its subculture --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Redox status --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- VEGF secretion --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- In vitro cell culture anti-angioenesis analysis --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Cell line and its subculture --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Endothelial cells proliferation --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Endothelial cells migration --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4.3.1 --- Wound healing assay --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4.3.2 --- Transwell culture insert assay --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Endothelial cells tubule formation --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- In vitro organ culture anti-angiogenesis analysis --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Aortic ring assay --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussions --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Toxicity of the Aa water extract --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Toxicity towards normal cells --- p.75 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of the Aa water extract on cancer cells --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Redox status --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- VEGF secretion --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Relationship between intracellular ROS and VEGF secretion detected --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of the Aa water extract on angiogenesis --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Endothelial cells proliferation --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Endothelial cells migration --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.1 --- Wound healing assay --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.2 --- Transwell culture insert assay --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Endothelial cells tubule formation --- p.90 / Chapter 3.3.3.4 --- Aortic ring assay --- p.97 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effect of phenolic acids on endothelial cells --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.4.1 --- Endothelial cells proliferation --- p.101 / Chapter 3.3.4.2 --- Endothelial cells migration --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.4.2.1 --- Wound healing assay --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.4.2.2 --- Transwell culture insert assay --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.4.3 --- Endothelial cells tubule formation --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.4.4 --- Aortic ring assay --- p.112 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.116 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusions and future works --- p.118 / References --- p.121

Guo, Cuixia. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-85). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis committee --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / 摘要 --- p.iv / Acknowledgment --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Abbreviations --- p.viii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction to immune system --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Immune effecter cells --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Macrophage --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Dendritic Cells (DCs) --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of mushrooms --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Introduction to mushroom --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Mushroom polysaccharides --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Mushroom β-glucan --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4 --- The receptors for polysaccharides associated with immune effecter cells --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- CR3 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Dectin-1 --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- TLR2 --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5 --- Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6 --- Previous studies on mushroom sclerotium --- p.20 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Pleurotus tuber-regium (PT) --- p.20 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Polyporus rhinocerus (PR) --- p.21 / Chapter 1.7 --- Objectives --- p.21 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mushroom sclerotia --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animal --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Cell lines --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Hot water extraction --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Measurement of monosaccharide profile --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Acid depolymerization --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Neutral sugar derivatization --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Gas chromatography (GC) --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Determination of molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Determination of total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Determination of protein content by Lowry-Folin method --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Detection of endotoxin --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Immunomodulatory activities induced in RAW264.7 cell line and murine peritoneal macrophages (PMs) --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Isolation of murine peritoneal macrophages (PMs) --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Detection of cell surface antigens on RAW 264.7 cells and PMs --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.7.3 --- Phagocytic uptake --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.7.4 --- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.7.5 --- Nitric Oxide (NO) production --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.7.6 --- Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) expression --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.7.6.1 --- Cell lysates preparation --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.7.6.2 --- Determination of protein concentrations --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.7.6.3 --- Western blot --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.7.7 --- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) production --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- DC cell marker determination --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Determination of the expression of existing cell surface β-glucan receptors --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Statistical methods --- p.38 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Yield and chemical composition of mushroom sclerotial polysaccharides --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Endotoxin examination --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Monosaccharide profiles of PTW and PRW by GC --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- Molecular weight profile by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5 --- Immunomodulatory activities induced in RAW264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages (PMs) --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Detection of cell surface antigens on RAW 264.7 cells and PMs --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Phagocytic uptake --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- ROS generation --- p.53 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- NO production --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- iNOS expression --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5.6 --- TNF-α production --- p.60 / Chapter 3.5.7 --- Morphological changes of cells --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.8 --- DC cell marker determination --- p.64 / Chapter 3.6 --- Receptors expression on RAW 264.7 cells and PMs --- p.66 / Chapter 3.7 --- NF-kB activation --- p.68 / Chapter 3.8 --- Discussion --- p.70 / Chapter 4. --- Conclusions and Future Works --- p.73 / Chapter 5. --- References --- p.75

Master thesis describes the differences between original Polish language and regional Polish language in Mickunai. Language of Mickunai region has many fonetic, gramatic differences.

This thesis examines how the liberalization of United States agriculture has affected the everyday experiences of labor, and laborers. Centered on a case study of mushroom production in Southern Chester County, Pennsylvania, this thesis explores the role of governmentality in shaping the daily work experience of labor employed in the industry. Situated within feminist geographic debates regarding gender and work, this thesis argues that normalized and stereotypical understandings of gender, ethnicity, and immigrant status have become tools of discipline that encourage particular performances of work within mushroom houses. The disciplinary strategies explored in this thesis are comprised of rules, procedures, regulations, and dispositions, and are deployed in a complementarily manner to maximize profit generated by laborers. Ultimately these disciplinary measures have become integral for Southern Chester County to both maximize profits and maintain its prominent location as the largest mushroom cultivating region in the United States. / Thesis (Master, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2012-02-06 22:57:27.043

The biocatalytic activity of mushroom tyrosinase was optimized in chloroform medium, using five selected phenolic substrates, including catechin (CT), vanillin (VA), chlorogenic acid (CA), p-aminophenol (pAP) and hydroquinone (HQ). The specific activity (SA) of tyrosinase determined as the change in absorbance at the selected wavelength per $ mu$g protein per sec ($ delta$A/$ mu$g protein/sec) in chloroform was much higher than that obtained in aqueous media. The optimal amount of enzymatic protein for tyrosinase biocatalysis in chloroform was found to be 44.0 mg protein/L for CT and VA, 31.6, 180.5 and 90.3 mg protein/L, respectively, for CA, pAP and HQ. The optimal pH for the oxidative activity of tyrosinase in chloroform was 6.0 for all the substrates; however, the optimal temperature for enzymatic activity was 30$ sp circ$C for CT and 25$ sp circ$C for the other four substrates. The use of 1.25 and 6.65 mM catechol in chloroform medium activated the tyrosinase activity maximally by 56.2% and 267.2%, respectively for CT and CA as substrates; however, no effect from catechol (0 to 7 mM) was found with VA, pAP or HQ. In addition, the use of 4.25, 2.25 and 5.39 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in chloroform, with CT, VA and pAP as substrates, inhibited the tyrosinase activity maximally by 44.3, 84.7 and 67.0%, respectively; however, the use of 4.75 and 1.60 mM EDTA activated the enzyme by 101.9% and 115.9%, respectively, for CA and HQ. The use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) demonstrated the phenolic substrate bioconversion, whereas the spectrophotometric scanning showed the product formation during the enzymatic reaction. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Abstract: Mycelium growth, production and bromatologicals characteristics of shiitake in function of lineages and chemical and physical properties of eucalyptus clones and species were evaluated. In Experiment 1, mycelium growth of two Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (LE-95/01 and LE-96/18) species in culture mediums prepared with sawdust extract from seven species (E. saligna, E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. paniculata e E. pellita) and three eucalyptus clones (hybrid E. grandis x E. urophylla) was analyzed. The experimental design was totally randomized, in 2x10 factorial design, totalizing 20 treatments with 10 repetitions, being that each repetition corresponded to one Petri dish. In Experiment 2, mycelium growth of eight L. edodes lineages (LE-96/17, LE-95/02, LE-95/07, LE-98/55, LE-96/18, LE-95/01, LE-96/13 and LE-98/47) in culture mediums prepared with sawdust extract from Eucalyptus spp was evaluated. The experimental design was totally randomized, with 8 treatments and 8 repetitions, being that each repetition corresponded to one Petri dish. In Experiment 3, production and bromatological characterization of two Lentinula edodes lineages cultivated in seven species and three clones of eucalyptus was evaluated. The experimental design was totally randomized, in 2x10 factorial design, totalizing 20 treatments with 40 repetitions, being that each repetition corresponded to one log. In Experiment 4, physical and chemical properties of seven species and three clones of eucalyptus before and after the cultivation of two L. edodes lineages was evaluated. The experimental design was totally randomized, in 2x10 factorial design, totalizing 20 treatments with 9 repetitions, being that each repetition corresponded to one log. The culture medium that provided highest averages of mycelium growth of L. edodes lineages LE-95/01 and LE-96/18 was the one with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Marli Teixeira de Almeida Minhoni / Coorientador: José Luiz Stape / Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado / Banca: Claudio Angeli Sansígolo / Banca: Luiz Antônio Graciolli / Banca: Arailde Fontes Urben / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 credendio_pap_me_arafcf.pdf: 673706 bytes, checksum: 185dff7493a1621f5abde5d5d3f9ab1d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os cogumelos medicinais são usados no Oriente há milhares de anos, por serem considerados benéficos à saúde, tanto como medicina curativa quanto preventiva. Além da importância gastronômica e do seu valor medicinal, atualmente tem sido relatada a sua importância como alimento funcional. De uma forma geral, os cogumelos possuem alta quantidade de umidade, proteínas e fibras, e baixos teores de lipídeos. Estudos epidemiológicos têm demonstrado uma relação inversa entre o consumo de alimentos ricos em antioxidantes, e a ocorrência de doenças como câncer, Alzheimer e aterosclerose. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a composição centesimal, o conteúdo de vitaminas do complexo B, de minerais, adequar uma metodologia para a determinação de fenólicos totais, determinar os teores de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonóides totais e a capacidade antioxidante do radical DPPH de seis espécies de cogumelos comestíveis. A umidade média entre as espécies foi de 90%. O Champignon de Paris apresentou o maior teor de cinzas (11,3%) e a menor quantidade de fibra alimentar total (20,0%) e o Oudemansiella canarii destacou-se pela grande quantidade de lipídeos (9,5%). As proteínas variaram de 14,8 a 27% entre as espécies. De uma forma geral, os cogumelos não apresentam grandes quantidades de vitaminas B1, B2, B3 e B6. As variedades Champignon de Paris e Oudemansiela canarii apresentaram maiores teores dos minerais determinados, e os minerais encontrados em maior quantidade entre as espécies foram potássio, cobre e fósforo. O Champignon de Paris e o O. canarii foram as variedades que apresentaram, respectivamente, maiores teores de fenólicos totais e flavonóides totais (6,0 mgEAG/g e 2,8 mgEC/g). Já o cogumelo P. branco apresentou teores baixos tanto de fenólicos quanto de flavonóides (2,57 mgEAG/g e 0,39 mgEC/g, respectivamente). A atividade antioxidante foi medida... / The medicinal mushrooms are used in the Orient for thousands of years because they are beneficial to health, both in preventive and curative medicine. Besides the importance of their gastronomic and medicinal value, has been reported today their importance as functional food. In general, the mushrooms have a high amount of moisture, protein and fiber, and low levels of lipids. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between consumption of foods rich in antioxidants, and the occurrence of diseases like cancer, Alzheimer and atherosclerosis. The objectives were to determine the composition, the content of B vitamins, minerals, adequate a methodology for the determination of phenolic compounds, determining the levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of DPPH radical of six species edible mushroom. The average humidity between species was 90%. The Champignon de Paris had the highest ash content (11.3%) and lower amount of total dietary fiber (20.0%) and Oudemansiella canarii highlighted by a large amount of lipids (9.5%). The proteins ranged from 14.8 to 27% between species. In general, the mushrooms do not have large amounts of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B6. Varieties Champignon de Paris and Oudemansiela canarii showed higher levels of certain minerals, and minerals found in higher quantities among species were potassium, copper and phosphorus. The Champignon de Paris and the O. canarii varieties that were presented, respectively, higher levels of total phenolics and flavonoids (6.0 mgEAG/g and 2.8 mgEC/g). But the mushroom P. White showed both low levels of phenolic and flavonoids compounds (2.57 mgEAG/g and 0.39 mgEC/g, respectively). The antioxidant activity was measured by the percentage of inhibition versus concentration and the variety Champignon de Paris showed greater inhibition at lower concentration, which may be related to large amounts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Augusto Ferreira da Eira / Banca: José Raimundo de Souza Passos / Banca: Nelson Barros Colauto / Resumo: As pesquisas sobre o cultivo axênico de shiitake e produção de inóculo, para as condições brasileiras, são escassas. O estudo do crescimento miceliano visa compreender os aspectos físicos, químicos e ambientais que causam alterações no processo desse crescimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar a influência de aspectos nutricionais e a interferência do substrato na cinética de crescimento de linhagens de Lentinula edodes. Os materiais utilizados foram duas linhagens de Lentinula edodes: L17 e L55 da micoteca do Módulo de Cogumelos da FCA e substratos à base de serragem (S) e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (B) com a adição de três quantidades de farelos de arroz e de trigo (metade de cada): 0, 10 e 20%, perfazendo 6 tratamentos, os quais foram utilizados na cinética da área de crescimento miceliano em meio de cultura e do volume de crescimento em substrato. Dos resultados obtidos foram extraídas as seguintes conclusões: A cinética de crescimento miceliano em superfície (área), independente das linhagens e substratos, seguiu um modelo matemático representado por uma equação exponencial. Os parâmetros estimados gama tiveram uma relação com a velocidade final instantânea de crescimento em área. A cinética de crescimento miceliano em volume, independente das linhagens e substratos, seguiu um modelo matemático representado por equação logarítmica. Os parâmetros estimados betas, gama e delta, não apresentaram relação com a velocidade de crescimento em volume. Ocorreram interações significativas entre linhagens, substratos base e quantidades de farelos, tanto na cinética de crescimento em superfície quanto em volume. A linhagem L55 se apresentou mais adaptada à metodologia adotada por ser utilizada em cultivo axênico. / Abstract: In Brazil there was little research related to Shiitake axenic culture. It was researched in this experiment the physical, chemical and environmental aspects in relation to different strains of Lentinula edodes. The aim of this research was to understand the substratum effects in the kinetics of the Shiitake mycelium growth. It was used two Shiitake strains and two different base substrate (eucalyptus sawdust and sugar cane bagasse) varying in three proportions of the supplements. The supplements, a blend of rice and wheat brans, were added in the proportion of 0, 10 and 20% of the base substrate. The experiment was composed of six treatments. It was concluded that the mycelium kinetics growth in culture medium followed a mathematical model that were represented by exponential equation. Gamma parameters were directly proportional to the instantaneous growth velocity in area. The mycelium growth kinetics in volume had no effect relation to the strains and substrate and it followed a mathematical model represented by logarithmic equation. Beta, gamma and delta parameters didn't show any correlation with the growth velocity in volume. There were significant differences between the strains and the mycelium growth in the supplemented substrate. The strain L55 was better adapted than L17. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_jpf_me_botfca.pdf: 3440463 bytes, checksum: 00f6075a78b0f618ecce7156da2019da (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A produção de composto de qualidade para Agaricus bisporus e a pesquisa por linhagens produtivas são alguns dos principais fatores relacionados à produtividades elevadas. Desta forma, foram realizados dois experimentos: 1. a campo, avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação nitrogenada na formulação de dois tipos de compostos, clássico e sintético, para o cultivo de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus: ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. avaliou-se a influência de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus no desenvolvimento micelial em dois meios de cultura sólidos (CA, composto ágar; e BDA, batata dextrose ágar). No experimento 1, constatou-se durante o processo de compostagem, pasteurização e condicionamento o composto clássico obteve temperatura média e perda de massa 10,56 e 13,29% superiores ao composto sintético, respectivamente. O composto clássico obteve as maiores eficiências biológicas ao final de 25 dias de produção, pelas linhagens ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 com valores de 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49%, respectivamente. Além da eficiência biológica, houve uma tendencia de maior produtividade, número e massa de fresca de basidiomas quando as linhagens foram cultivadas em composto clássico. No experimento II as maiores velocidades de desenvolvimento micelial das linhagens de A. bisporus foram observadas nos meios de cultura CA. Concluiu-se que não houve ligação entre os resultados observados nos experimentos I e II em relação ao potencial genético das... / The production of quality compost for Agaricus bisporus and the research for high productivity strains are some important factors involving high yields. Were carried out two expiriments: 1. at field, the effect of the type of nitrogen supplementation was evaluated, elaborating two types of compost, classic and synthetic, cultivating five strains of A. bisporus ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. was evaluated the influence of five A. bisporus strains on the rate of micelial growth in different type of culture media (MC, compost media; BDA, potato-dextrose-agar). In the first experiment, the data showed that during the composting process, pasteurization and conditioning, the averages temperatures and weight loss 10,56 and 13,29% higher in the classic compost than the synthetic compost . The classic compost had the higher biological efficiency in the end of the crop (25 days), for the strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 with values of 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49, respectively. Moreover, there was a tendency for higher yields, number and fresh weight of mushrooms when the strains were cultivated in the classic compost. In the second experiment the highest micelial growth rate by the A. bisporus strains were observed in the compost agar media. It was observed that were no relation between the data in experiments I and II, by the genetic potential of the strains