Uppsatsen handlar om muntligt berättande som tog form under ett berättarprojekt på en förskola i Malmös västra del. Projektet varade i två månader och syftet var att se hur nio 4-5 åringar interagerade med varandra, mottog och samtalade om berättelserna vi valde att berätta.

Thesis advisor: Jane E. Regan / This project explores the concept of identity through the lens of narrativity, a multifaceted concept that describes the way the consciousness makes meaning about life, throughout life. Narrativity depicts meaning-making as both an intensely personal and communal endeavor, epitomized in the way people tell and listen to life stories together. Narrativity is endemic to who we are as humans; yet it dramatically evolves over time. Indeed, it must continuously evolve, so that we might continue to learn, love, and maintain hope amidst the myriad circumstances and exigencies we face. And so when theologians and researchers in the social sciences alike speak of an “identity crisis” at work in the United States today, they are speaking directly to a deficiency in the way people make meaning together—a deficiency that, in the present view, is indelibly linked to the country’s history of hegemonic, colonizing practices of exclusion and domination by those in power. This history, which is also our present, has profoundly shaped the capacities of people from every walk of life to co-create meaning. Understood in this way, identity formation must be seen as a pivotal task for Christian religious educators in the United States. Of course, such educators are typically interested in the formation of a “Christian identity,” and rightly so. But this work makes the case that nurturing narrativity—that is, personhood and personal identity-development—is part and parcel to Christian identity formation, which in turn is inseparable from social and political engagement. In this view, narrativity is actually ingrained into the very pedagogy and praxis of the discipling community that Jesus cultivated through his ministry. Present-day Christian communities should likewise consider themselves as discipling communities, who embody this collective (or communal) identity precisely to the extent that they cultivate narrativity through their missional-pedagogical practices. This will require most US churches to radically re-imagine their structure and aims. The primary tasks of this work are threefold: (1) It defines identity in terms of the psychosocial and spiritual notion of narrativity—and Christian identity in terms of discipleship, which awakens and restores narrativity. These definitions inform a holistic philosophy of narratival meaning-making, and a practical and liberationist approach to theological anthropology, ethics, and ecclesial mission. (2) It attempts to depict narrativity as it evolves through the lifespan, with the help of current research in neuroscience and narrative developmental psychology. This is articulated in terms of a “narratival-developmental” perspective. (3) Guided by these definitions, it suggests ways that churches in the present-day United States might begin to re-orient their missional and teaching practices around these notions of narrativity and narratival-development. Chief among these suggestions are four hypothesized principles for teaching for narrativity, which emerge at project’s end. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Religious Education and Pastoral Ministry.

Avhandlingen fokuserar på kollaborativt berättande i digitala medier, och tar avstamp i relativt detaljerade beskrivningar av de designprojekt som utgör avhandlingsarbetets ryggrad. Kännetecknande för dessa designprojekt är att de kombinerar fysiska och virtuella rum och/eller flera medieplattformar. Utifrån kritiska läsningar av designval och bruk av de koncept och prototyper som designprojekten utmynnat i presenteras argument för föreslagna "sätt att se" på design av berättande i digitala medier och centrala kvaliteter i miljöer för kollaborativt berättande. Grundläggande är att se berättande som en överenskommelse, som måste springa ur den berättarsituation, den fysiska och sociala verklighet, som utgör en oavvislig del av allt berättande. Denna överenskommelse upprättar ett "rum" för att undersöka och värdera möjlig mänsklig handling, ett rum vars estetiska egenskaper inte kan skiljas från de etiska och politiska frågeställningar som sätts i rörelse av allt berättande. Utifrån detta grundläggande synsätt diskuteras frågan om utformandet av handlingsutrymme i relation till interaktivitet i digitala medier, begrepp som roll, karaktär, samarbete och konflikt samt rytm, poesi och mångtydighet. Argumenten och resonemangen grundas, utöver i den kritiska läsningen av designprojekten, också i en bredare översikt av narrativitetsbegreppets utveckling inom human- och samhällsvetenskaperna de senaste två decennierna samt i en diskussion av teorier, synsätt och vanliga grundantaganden kring berättande i digitala media. Utrymme i avhandlingen ges också åt en kunskapsteoretisk diskussion kring frågan om design som forskning, främst ur ett perspektiv grundat i STS-fältet men också i relation till förda resonemang ifråga om praxisbaserad forskning i allmänhet och designforskning och designteori i synnerhet.

Dentro do contexto das tecnologias digitais, desenvolve-se um novo tipo de narrativa, com características híbridas e interativas, apontando para um campo a ser explorado, o que abre espaço para análises mais específicas deste gênero no meio digital. O uso de diferentes linguagens, graus de interatividade e de imersão favorecem modos de leitura que vão configurando diferentes formas. Esta tese pretende investigar como as especificidades das mídias digitais possibilitam a construção de sentido narrativo a partir da interação e sinalizam caminhos críticos que sejam próprios para este universo. A tese usa como bases principais teóricas as discussões de Ryan (2001; 2002; 2004; 2006; 2011) sobre os graus de narratividade e as características de imersão e interatividade das narrativas em meio digital. As discussões de Murray (1999; 2013), Laurel (1991), Hayles (2009) e Ryan (2001; 2006) sinalizam as preocupações que se deve ter com as narrativas neste meio e sua preservação de coerência. As caracterizações da materialidade da escrita, as caracterizações de um processo de semiose que constitui sentido no ato de leitura, tomam por base as considerações de Hayles (2002) e de Santaella (2001), levando também em conta o que se discute já desde a poesia concreta, através de Pignatari (1977; 1987). Por meio da pesquisa e leitura das obras em hipermídia, a partir das características de criação, que permitem diferentes modos de interação, buscamos averiguar como este processo interativo revela diferentes tipos de narrativas / In the context of digital technologies, a new type of narrative is developed, with hybrid and interactive characteristics, pointing to a new field to be explored, what gives room for more specific analysis of this genre in the digital media. The use of different languages, degrees of interactivity and immersion promote ways of reading that shape different forms. This thesis intends to investigate how the specificities of digital media allow the construction of narrative meaning through interaction and how they indicate critical paths that are appropriate for this universe. The thesis uses as its main theoretical basis the discussions of Ryan (2001; 2002; 2004; 2006) about the degrees of narrativity and the characteristics of immersion and interactivity of narratives in digital media. The discussions of Murray (1999), Laurel (1991), Hayles (2009) and Ryan (2001; 2006) point to the concerns that one must have with narratives in this medium and its preservation of coherence. The characterization of the materiality of writing, the characterization of a process of semiosis that composes meaning in the act of reading, take as a reference the considerations of Hayles (20002) and Santaella (2001), also taking into account what has been discussed since the concret poetry, through Pignatari (1977; 1987). Through the research and the reading of the hypermedia texts, considering the strategies of their creation, which allow different ways of interaction, we tried to verify how this interactive process reveals different types of narratives.

Dentro do contexto das tecnologias digitais, desenvolve-se um novo tipo de narrativa, com características híbridas e interativas, apontando para um campo a ser explorado, o que abre espaço para análises mais específicas deste gênero no meio digital. O uso de diferentes linguagens, graus de interatividade e de imersão favorecem modos de leitura que vão configurando diferentes formas. Esta tese pretende investigar como as especificidades das mídias digitais possibilitam a construção de sentido narrativo a partir da interação e sinalizam caminhos críticos que sejam próprios para este universo. A tese usa como bases principais teóricas as discussões de Ryan (2001; 2002; 2004; 2006; 2011) sobre os graus de narratividade e as características de imersão e interatividade das narrativas em meio digital. As discussões de Murray (1999; 2013), Laurel (1991), Hayles (2009) e Ryan (2001; 2006) sinalizam as preocupações que se deve ter com as narrativas neste meio e sua preservação de coerência. As caracterizações da materialidade da escrita, as caracterizações de um processo de semiose que constitui sentido no ato de leitura, tomam por base as considerações de Hayles (2002) e de Santaella (2001), levando também em conta o que se discute já desde a poesia concreta, através de Pignatari (1977; 1987). Por meio da pesquisa e leitura das obras em hipermídia, a partir das características de criação, que permitem diferentes modos de interação, buscamos averiguar como este processo interativo revela diferentes tipos de narrativas / In the context of digital technologies, a new type of narrative is developed, with hybrid and interactive characteristics, pointing to a new field to be explored, what gives room for more specific analysis of this genre in the digital media. The use of different languages, degrees of interactivity and immersion promote ways of reading that shape different forms. This thesis intends to investigate how the specificities of digital media allow the construction of narrative meaning through interaction and how they indicate critical paths that are appropriate for this universe. The thesis uses as its main theoretical basis the discussions of Ryan (2001; 2002; 2004; 2006) about the degrees of narrativity and the characteristics of immersion and interactivity of narratives in digital media. The discussions of Murray (1999), Laurel (1991), Hayles (2009) and Ryan (2001; 2006) point to the concerns that one must have with narratives in this medium and its preservation of coherence. The characterization of the materiality of writing, the characterization of a process of semiosis that composes meaning in the act of reading, take as a reference the considerations of Hayles (20002) and Santaella (2001), also taking into account what has been discussed since the concret poetry, through Pignatari (1977; 1987). Through the research and the reading of the hypermedia texts, considering the strategies of their creation, which allow different ways of interaction, we tried to verify how this interactive process reveals different types of narratives.

Il s’agit pour partie d’un travail historique consacré à l’introduction de la phénoménologie en France, et au rôle qu’ont pu jouer à cet égard Levinas, Sartre et Ricœur. Le contexte de cette introduction est étudié pour faire ressortir l’unité d’un moment philosophique, celui d’une phénoménologie lue à l’aune d’une réception concomitante, celle de Kierkegaard. C’est ainsi que Levinas, Sartre et Ricœur se retrouvent dans le problème formulé par Camus, celui d’un insensé oblitérant l’action de l’homme dans le monde. Il s’agit donc pour une autre part de rendre compte de l’usage de la phénoménologie pour élucider les modes de l’agir humain. Il s’ensuit à la fois un cadre conceptuel partagé, autour des notions de contingence et de transcendance, et une démarche qui vise à épouser les contours du drame que l’insensé fait subir au sujet agissant. Mise à profit dans des directions variées, et souvent antagoniques, la phénoménologie guide à cette occasion une défense de la subjectivité par la mise en question de la subjectivité, avant d’ouvrir la voie à l’élucidation d’un ultime pouvoir du sujet, la narrativité. / This work is partly devoted to trace the history of the introduction of phenomenology in France and to investigate the role that Levinas, Sartre and Ricœur have played in it. The context of this introduction is studied with the aim of underlining the unity of a philosophical moment, the one of a phenomenology that is understood through the concomitant reception of Kierkegaard. In this context, Levinas, Sartre and Ricœur share the problem that was formulated by Camus, the meaninglessness that obliterates the action of man in the world. Therefore, this work is also devoted to set out the use of phenomenology that is intended to elucidate the modes of human action. It follows that they share a same conceptual framework, structured by the ideas of contingency and transcendence, and a same approach that intends to keep pace with the drama that the meaninglessness makes the acting subject play. Exploited in different and often antagonistic directions, the phenomenology guides a defense of subjectivity that proceeds with the questioning of subjectivity, until the elucidation of a last power of subject, the narrativity.

No description available.

In this analytical research paper, the notions of narrator and narration in poetry are discussed in order to identify why the terminology in this particular genre is considered as problematic by most theorists. In its theoretical section, this paper focuses on Philippe Lejeune’s autobiographical and biographical pacts, and shows the limits of the two reading contracts in the poetical genre. Then, on the background of Brian McHale and Stefan Kjerkegaard’s works on segmentivity, this paper explains the narrative process that can be found in the visual form of poetry. Finally, discussing Brian McAllister and Marie-Laure Ryan’s works on narrativity, this study explains that a story is a mental image that the transposition to a media will transform in order to best represent according to its own limits. In its analytical part, and mirroring the theoretical part, this study focuses on identifying the narrator, the narrative process, as well as the degree of narrativity of four poems by David Diop, Charles Pennequin, Ilse Garnier and Pierre Garnier. Thoses poems, chosen on the ground that they are good representative examples of narrative poetry, lyric poetry and visual poetry, help test the theories in practice. The results show that in the narrative poem, although the identity of the narrator is hard to establish, the narrative process is clear and the degree of narrativity is high. In the lyric and visual poems on the other hand, even if the segmentivity theory helps ‘reconstruct’ the narration when linking words are missing, the difficulty to identify narrative events in the lyric poem and a story world in the case of the visual poetry makes the emergence of a story world, and in turn of a narrator, problematic.

The phenomenon of retranslation (the repeated translation of a given work into a given target language) is widespread in practice, and yet its motivations remain relatively underexplored. One very prevalent justification for this repetitive act is encapsulated in the work of Antoine Berman who claims that an initial translation is necessarily 'aveugle et hésitante' (1990: 5), while retranslation alone can ensure 'la « révélation » dřune oeuvre étrangère dans son être propre à la culture réceptrice' (1995: 57). This dynamic from deficient initial translation to accomplished retranslation has been consolidated into the Retranslation Hypothesis, namely that 'later translations tend to be closer to the source text' (Chesterman, 2004: 8, my emphasis). In order to investigate the validity of the hypothesis, this thesis undertakes a case study of the British retranslations of Flaubert's Madame Bovary and Sand's La Mare au diable. A methodology is proposed which allows the key notion of closeness to be measured on both a linguistic and a cultural axis. Given Flaubert's famous insistence on 'le mot juste', Madame Bovary serves as a basis for an examination of linguistic closeness which is guided by narratology and stylistics, and underpinned by Halliday's (2004) Systemic Functional Grammar. On the other hand, Sand's ethnographical concerns facilitate a study of cultural closeness: here, narrativity (Baker, 2006) informs an analysis of how Berrichon cultural identity is mediated through retranslation. In both cases, the thesis draws on paratextual material (Genette, 1987) such as prefaces and advertisements, and on extra-textual material, namely journal articles and reviews, in order to locate specific socio-cultural influences on retranslation, as well as highlighting the type and extent of interactions between the retranslations themselves. Ultimately, this thesis argues that the Retranslation Hypothesis is untenable when confronted with the polymorphous behaviour of retranslation, both within and without the text.

"Contextualizing the Vikings in Anglo-Saxon History and Literature" examines the Scandinavian impact of Viking presence in Anglo-Saxon England during the so-called First and Second Viking Age, concentrating on the portrayals of the Viking activity in Anglo-Saxon chronicles and annals, as well as Scandinavian (chiefly Icelandic and Danish) sources. It aims to identify the patterns of representation in those portrayals and their development relative to the historical events of the period, the political situation in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, the state and progress of the Church, and contemporary literary tendencies, including the influence of heroic literature and the development of the Anglo-Saxon kingship. Three distinct accounts that came into existence as a result of the Viking invasion of England in 866 are examined. Three main traditions can be discerned - the Scandinavian tradition, reflecting the battle of York, the slaying of king Ella and king Edmund, the East Anglian tradition, reflecting the slaying of king Edmund, and the Wessex tradition, reflecting king Alfred's struggle with the Danes. The thesis proposes to trace the historical origins and development of these traditions, attempting to discern their historical and fictional elements by comparing them with the record of the historical...