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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Experimental Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer

Sherif, Amir January 2003 (has links)
<p>The two purposes of this thesis were to evaluate new diagnostic techniques of lymphnode staging in invasive bladder cancer and to evaluate the results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer.</p><p>Sentinel node detection was performed in 13 patients in preparation for radical cystectomy. The method showed to be feasible, and the results displayed the occurrence of metastatic nodes outside the traditional area of diagnostic dissection in a majority of patients. Four patients were metastasized, each one with one metastatic node detected with the help of the sentinel node procedure.</p><p>Four randomly selected sentinel nodes from four different unmetastasized patients were compared to the four metastatic sentinel nodes from the first series. After microdissection, p53 genomic structure, immunohistochemical expression and MVD (microvessel density) were assessed in the primary tumors and corresponding sentinel nodes. The results suggested that invasive bladder cancer mainly involved monoclonal proliferation with predominantly homogenous biomarker profile, but there were also signs of clonal evolution.</p><p>The Nordic Cystectomy Trial 2 (NCT2), is a randomized prospective trial investigating the possible benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus cystectomy only, in 311 eligible patients with urinary bladder cancer T2-T4aNXM0.Evaluation of overall survival did not show any statistically significant benefit in the experimental arm. This probably due to lack of statistical power.</p><p>To increase the statistical power we performed a combined analysis of randomized patients from both the Nordic Cystectomy Trial 1 (NCT1) and NCT2, n = 620. Eligible patients from NCT1 had T1G3, T2-T4a NXM0 urinary bladder cancer. Standard meta-analysis methods were used. The only end-point analysed was overall survival. Neoadjuvant platinum based combination therapy was associated with a 20 % reduction in the relative hazard in probability of death.</p>
12

Experimental Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer

Sherif, Amir January 2003 (has links)
The two purposes of this thesis were to evaluate new diagnostic techniques of lymphnode staging in invasive bladder cancer and to evaluate the results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer. Sentinel node detection was performed in 13 patients in preparation for radical cystectomy. The method showed to be feasible, and the results displayed the occurrence of metastatic nodes outside the traditional area of diagnostic dissection in a majority of patients. Four patients were metastasized, each one with one metastatic node detected with the help of the sentinel node procedure. Four randomly selected sentinel nodes from four different unmetastasized patients were compared to the four metastatic sentinel nodes from the first series. After microdissection, p53 genomic structure, immunohistochemical expression and MVD (microvessel density) were assessed in the primary tumors and corresponding sentinel nodes. The results suggested that invasive bladder cancer mainly involved monoclonal proliferation with predominantly homogenous biomarker profile, but there were also signs of clonal evolution. The Nordic Cystectomy Trial 2 (NCT2), is a randomized prospective trial investigating the possible benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus cystectomy only, in 311 eligible patients with urinary bladder cancer T2-T4aNXM0.Evaluation of overall survival did not show any statistically significant benefit in the experimental arm. This probably due to lack of statistical power. To increase the statistical power we performed a combined analysis of randomized patients from both the Nordic Cystectomy Trial 1 (NCT1) and NCT2, n = 620. Eligible patients from NCT1 had T1G3, T2-T4a NXM0 urinary bladder cancer. Standard meta-analysis methods were used. The only end-point analysed was overall survival. Neoadjuvant platinum based combination therapy was associated with a 20 % reduction in the relative hazard in probability of death.
13

Avaliação do melhor parâmetro derivado do histograma do coeficiente de difusão aparente obtido com a técnica de difusão por ressonância magnética como potencial preditor de resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante em pacientes com câncer de mama / Evaluation of the best apparent Diffusion Coefficient parameter as a potential predictor of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer patients

Natália Parolin Ito 11 May 2015 (has links)
Introdução: O carcinoma de mama é uma doença altamente prevalente e incidente. Em nosso meio, ainda cerca de metade dos casos são diagnosticados em estadios localmente avançados e/ou disseminados. Nesta situação, a quimioterapia neoadjuvante é o tratamento padrão.. Infelizmente, o padrão de resposta ao tratamento sistêmico é variável e existe um parcela de pacientes que não apresentam redução tumoral significativa e outros que apresentam progressão da doença. A identificação prévia do grupo de pacientes que mais se beneficiariam da quimioterapia neoadjuvante poderia evitar os efeitos adversos dos quimioterápicos no grupo de pacientes com baixa probabilidade de resposta bem como otimizar custos de tratamento. A ressonância magnética (RM) devido a sua análise tridimensional das imagens, alta sensibilidade e resolução espacial vem sendo empregada na monitorização do tratamento do câncer de mama, utilizando-se, principalmente, técnicas funcionais, como a avaliação farmacocinética após injeção do meio contraste paramagnético e as imagens ponderadas em difusão (DWI). A difusão pode ser utilizada para calcular o valor do coeficiente aparente de difusão (ADC). Recentemente, o ADC vem sendo utilizado como ferramenta diagnóstica e prognóstica no câncer de mama.. Alguns estudos mostraram que pacientes respondedoras à quimioterapia neoadjuvante apresentaram um aumento dos valores médios do ADC tumoral logo após o segundo ciclo do tratamento. Porém, poucos estudos, e com alguns resultados discordantes, avaliaram a capacidade do ADC em discriminar, previamente ao tratamento quimioterápico, aqueles tumores que terão melhor resposta patológica. Objetivos: comparar os diversos parâmetros derivados do ADC de neoplasias mamárias para avaliar possíveis preditores de resposta patológia à quimioterapia neoadjuvante. Materiais e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 57 pacientes com carcinoma de mama localmente avançado que realizaram RM previamente à quimioterapia neoadjuvante. Múltiplos métodos de medida do ADC foram realizados, sendo estudadas as validades das medidas calculando-se a área sobre a curva ROC e estabelecendo-se os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade. Os dados das diferentes mensurações foram analisados através do teste ANOVA. Para avaliação da variabilidade inter-observador foi utilizado o teste de Kappa. Resultados: As diferentes mensurações dos valores de ADC dos tumores não evidenciou diferença estatística significativa entre o grupo respondedor e não respondedor. Nenhum dos parâmetros analisados pode ser considerado como preditor de resposta. Não houve diferença significativa na obtenção dos diferentes parâmetros derivados do ADC entre a medida de um único corte na região central da lesão, quando comparada com a medida de toda a lesão (volumetria). Conclusão: Os diferentes parâmetros derivados da medida do ADC, pré-quimioterapia neoadjuvante não predizem resposta ao tratamento em pacientes com tumores de mama localmente avançados / Introduction : Breast cancer is a highly prevalent and incident disease. In Brazil , although about half of cases are diagnosed in locally advanced or disseminated stages . In this situation, the neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard treatment. Unfortunately, the pattern of response to systemic treatment is variable and there is a proportion of patients with no significant tumor reduction and others that have disease progression. Prior identification of the group of patients who would most benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy could avoid the adverse effects of chemotherapy in patients with low probability of response and optimize treatment costs. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) due to its three-dimensional image analysis, high sensitivity and spatial resolution has been used for monitoring the treatment of breast cancer, using mainly functional techniques such as pharmacokinetic evaluation after injection of paramagnetic contrast medium and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) . It can be used to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Recently, the ADC has been used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in breast cancer. Some studies have shown that patients who respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed an increase of the mean ADC tumor values after the second cycle of treatment. However, few studies and with some discordant results, reviewed the ADC \'s ability to discriminate, prior to chemotherapy, those tumors that have better pathological response. Objectives: To compare the various parameters derived ADC of breast tumors to evaluate possible predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy pathology. Methods : a retrospective study of 56 patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma who underwent MRI prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Multiple ADC measurement methods were performed and the validity of the measures was studied by calculating the area under the ROC curve and setting up the sensitivity and specificity values. The data of different measurements were analyzed using ANOVA test. To evaluate the interobserver variability was used Kappa test. Results: The different measurements of ADC values of tumors showed no statistically significant difference between the responder group and the group with no response. None of the analyzed parameters can be suggested as predictor of response. There was no significant difference in obtaining the various parameters derived from the ADC either measuring a single slice, at the central region of the lesion or measuring the whole lesion (volumetry). Conclusion: The different parameters derived from the measurement of the ADC prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy do not predict response to therapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancers..
14

Avaliação imunoistoquimica da p-glicoproteina e correlação com a resposta a quimioterapia neo-adjuvante em pacientes com carcinoma de mama estadio III

Campos, Grace Imaculada Pereira 03 October 2006 (has links)
Orientadores: Luiz Carlos Teixeira, Marcelo Alvarenga / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T06:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_GraceImaculadaPereira_M.pdf: 240494 bytes, checksum: cd5e0f3dc3493ba406e12d65609a451f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão imunoistoquímica da P-glicoproteína e sua correlação com a resposta à quimioterapia com esquemas contendo antraciclina em mulheres portadoras de carcinoma de mama estádio III. Sujeitos e Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, em que foram analisados 88 prontuários de pacientes matriculadas no período de Junho de 1996 a novembro de 2003 no Ambulatório de Oncologia Clinica do CAISM-Unicamp, e portadoras de carcinoma ductal infiltrativo localmente avançado, que receberam quimioterapia neo-adjuvante com esquemas contendo antraciclina, excluindo as portadoras de carcinoma inflamatório. O tumor foi biopsiado antes do tratamento (core biopsy ou incisional) e submetido a exame imunoistoquímico pelo sistema envision peroxidase, utilizando-se anticorpos monoclonais anti-P-glicoproteína (P-gp), C494 (Signet) trans-menbrana e C219 (Signet) intra-citoplásmatico. Considerou-se positivo coloração citoplasmática ou trans-membrana em 10% ou mais das células. O controle externo positivo usado foi tecido normal de rim humano. A resposta clínica foi avaliada antes da cirurgia, após no mínimo dois ciclos de quimioterapia e os dados correlacionados com a expressão da p-glicoproteína. Empregou-se o teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado para avaliar as possíveis associações. Resultados: A freqüência da positividade da P-glicoproteína na amostra foi de 23,86%. A resposta clínica objetiva à quimioterapia foi semelhante nos casos com e sem expressão da p-glicoproteína, considerando o tumor primário (57,1% vs 58,2%), axila (67,8% vs 78,8%) e resposta total (57,2% vs 65,7 %, p = 0,851). Conclusão: Não encontramos relação entre a expressão da P-glicoproteína e a resposta clínica à quimioterapia neo-adjuvante, sugerindo que este marcador não deve ser considerado como fator preditivo de resposta à quimioterapia com antraciclina / Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of P-glycoprotein and its correlation to the response to chemotherapy with schemes containing antraciclin in women who are carriers of stage III breast carcinoma. Subjects and Methods: In the study of retrospective cohort, 88 files of patients who are carriers of locally advanced infiltrative ductal carcinoma were analyzed, and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing antraciclin, excluding the inflammatory cases, from June 1996 to November 2003, in the Oncology Clinic of CAISM-Unicamp. The tumor was biopsized before treatment (core biopsy or incisional biopsy) and subjected to the immunohistochemical exam by using the envision peroxidase system and utilizing anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (P-gp), C494 (Signet) trans-menbrane and C219 (Signet) intra-cytoplasmatic. The cytoplasmatic coloring or trans-membrane was considered positive in a rate of 10% or more of the cells. The external positive control which was used was human kidney normal tissue. Clinical response was evaluated before surgery, after a minimum of two cycles of chemotherapy and the data was correlated to the expression of P-glycoprotein. The exact Fisher test or Qui-square test was used to evaluate any possible associations. Results: The frequency of the positivity of P-glycoprotein in the samples was 23.86%. The objective clinical response to chemotherapy was similar in the cases with and without the expression of P-glycoprotein, considering the primary tumor (57.1% vs 58.2%), arm pit (67.8% vs 78.8%) and total response (57.2% vs 65.7%, p = 0.851). Conclusion: The relation between the expression of P-glycoprotein and the clinical response to to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not found, what suggests that this marker should not be considered as a response predictive factor to chemotherapy with anthracyclin / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Tocoginecologia
15

Improved Survival after Administration of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Clinical Stage I/II Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Hendrix, Ryan J. 06 May 2019 (has links)
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of US cancer related deaths. This study assessed the oncologic benefit of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment strategy for patients with clinical Stage I/II PDAC. Methods: Patients with biopsy confirmed PDAC and clinical Stage I/II disease were treated with a protocol of NAC. The primary study endpoint was median overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Results: 56 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 21 patients (38%) had Stage I disease and 35 (62%) had Stage II disease. The median OS for the entire study population was 18.7 months. A total of 22 (39%) patients were managed with NAC+S; 34 (61%) received NAC alone. Median OS and 2-year survival rates were greater in those completing NAC+S compared to NAC alone (median OS 28.8 months vs. 17.3 months: p=0.05; 2-year OS: 55% vs 21%: p=0.01) . Interestingly, patients managed with NAC who were not candidates for surgical resection after restaging demonstrated a survival advantage (17.3 months) compared to what was previously reported in historical controls. Conclusion: NAC+S provided a significant 11.5 month improvement in median OS compared to treatment with NAC alone. Modern NAC may contribute a significant oncologic benefit in the overall treatment strategy for patients with Stage I/II PDAC, even if surgery is not ultimately pursued.
16

Ultrasound Medical Imaging Systems Using Telemedicine and Blockchain for Remote Monitoring of Responses to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Women’s Breast Cancer: Concept and Implementation

Shubbar, Safa 01 May 2017 (has links)
No description available.
17

Associação entre a expressão e a função da enzima ALDH1 no câncer de mama / Correlation of ALDH expression and enzyme function in breast cancer

Mandarano, Larissa Raquel Mouro 11 December 2018 (has links)
A alta atividade da enzima Aldeído-desidrogenase (ALDH) tem sido relatada como um marcador das células troncos tumorais (CTT) no câncer de mama. Sabe-se que essas células estão envolvidas na resistência ao tratamento radio e quimioterápico e podem ser responsáveis pela recorrência e disseminação metastática. A associação entre a quantidade de CTTs e a resposta a quimioterapia neoadjuvante (QNA) ainda não está estabelecida. Foi analisado retrospectivamente a expressão de ALDH1A1 por imunohistoquímica (IHQ) em amostras previamente analisadas por citometria de fluxo para ALDH1A1 no tumor primário de 61 pacientes com carcinoma ductal invasivo diagnosticado entre 2010 e 2012. A maioria das pacientes estava entre 51-70 anos (59%), na menopausa (65,6%) e com estádio clínico III (47,5%). A expressão positiva de receptores de estrógeno, progesterona e de HER2 foi de 67,2%, 52,5% e 45,9% respectivamente. A imunohistoquímica para ALDH1A1 foi realizada com lâminas da TMA e considerado positivos os casos com marcação citoplástica evidente em grupamentos de 5 ou mais células. Foi analisada a associação entre esses dados e o resultado da citometria de fluxo para ALDH1 e também a associação com os fatores prognósticos conhecidos. Não foi encontrada associação (p = 0,67) entre a porcentagem de células ALDH1+ com o resultado da imunohistoquímica positiva para ALDH1A1 (4,45% (1,7 - 10,1)) e negativa (3,2% (1,2 - 13,6)). Os dados não demonstraram associação da IHQ para ALDH1A1 ou da quantia de células ALDH1+ no tumor primário com a resposta patológica completa após quimioterapia neoadjuvante, sugerindo que essa população pode não ser um fator preditor isolado da resposta a QNA. Também não foi observado relação da IHQ para ALDH1A1 com os fatores prognósticos conhecidos. A sobrevida também não foi influenciada pela expressão de ALDH1A1 pela IHQ tanto na sobrevida global (p = 0,54; HR = 1,33 (0,52 - 3,39)) quanto na livre de doença (p = 0,35; HR = 1,67 (0,57 - 4,90)). Quanto a porcentagem de células ALDH1+ no tumor primário, também não houve impacto sobre a sobrevida global (p = 0,40; HR = 0,98 (0,92 - 1,03)), nem na sobrevida livre de doença (p = 0,55; HR = 0,98 (0,92 - 1,05)). A presença de células ALDH1A1 positivas na imunohistoquímica não se relaciona com a atividade da enzima analisada por citometria de fluxo e não apresenta associação com fatores prognósticos / The expressions of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been reported as potential breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSLCs) markers. Those cells are known to be involved with treatment resistance and may be responsible for relapses and metastatic dissemination. The association between the quantity of BCSLCs and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the expression of ALDH1A1 by immunohistochemistry (IHQ) in 61 patients with invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast from 2010 to 2012 previously analyzed by flow cytometry (FCT). Most patients were aged between 51-70 years (59%), clinical stage III (47,5%) and menopausal (65,6%). The ER, PgR and HER2 positive expression rates were 67,2%, 52,5% and 45,9%, respectively. The aldehyde-dehydrogenase immunohistochemistry ware evaluated by TMA and considered to be positive cases with evident cytoplasmic staining in clusters of 5 or more cells. These data were correlated with the flow cytometry results and clinical and pathological features. No association between ALDH1+ cell population by FCT with ALDH1A1 positive (4,45% (1,7 - 10,1)) and negative (3,2% (1,2 - 13,6)) cases by IHQ were observed (p= 0,67). No relationship between ALDH1A1+ by IHQ nor ALDH1+ by FCT were found with the complete pathological response to therapy, suggesting that it might not be an isolated predictor of response to NACT. No relationship between IHQ was found with the clinicalpathological features. The overall survival was the same between the two groups by IHQ (p = 0,54; HR = 1,33 (0,52 - 3,39)) and also the disease free survival (p = 0,35; HR = 1,67 (0,57 - 4,90)). The FCT results did not correlate with the overall survival (p = 0,40; HR = 0,98 (0,92 - 1,03)), nor with the disease free survival (p = 0,55; HR = 0,98 (0,92 - 1,05)). The expression of ALDH1A1+ by immunohistochemistry have no association with the enzymatic function analyzed by flow cytometry and do not represent a prognostic factor
18

Marcadores de células tronco tumorais no câncer de mama localmente avançado / Tumor stem cell markers in locally advanced breast cancer

Sicchieri, Renata Danielle 20 June 2013 (has links)
O carcinoma de mama é uma doença altamente prevalente e incidente. Em nosso meio, cerca de metade dos casos são diagnosticados em estádios localmente avançados e/ou disseminados. Nesta situação o índice de sucessos terapêuticos é pequeno. Recentemente vem sendo citado na literatura as células tronco tumorais (CTT) como aquelas responsáveis pelas recorrências tumorais, pois este tipo de células seria capaz de repovoar o hospedeiro com células tumorais de mesma origem. Postula-se também que este tipo de células é resistente ao tratamento quimioterápico. Assim, o prognóstico de uma paciente dependeria diretamente da quantidade de CTT presentes em seu tumor na época do tratamento. As expressões de CD44/CD24, CXCR4 e ABCG2 têm sido relatadas como potenciais marcadores de células tronco no câncer de mama (CTCM). A associação entre a quantidade de CTCMs e a resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante (QNA) permanece obscura. Métodos: Foram analisadas prospectivamente a expressão de CD44/CD24, CXCR4 e ABCG2 em 41 pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado ou metastático (CMLA) submetidas à QNA. O ensaio de mamosferas (Mammocult ®) foi estudado em 25 amostras. Idade média dos pacientes foi de 52,9 ± 10,3 anos. De acordo com o estádio clínico (EC), uma paciente foi classificada como IIa, 5 pacientes foram IIb, 10 foram IIIa, 16 foram IIIb, uma foi IIIc e 8 foram IV. O diâmetro médio do tumor clínico foi de 5,6 ± 3 centímetros. Os receptores de estrógeno (RE), receptores de progesterona (PgR) e HER2 positivos apresentaram as taxas de expressão de 65%, 58% e 46%, respectivamente. A porcentagem mediana de células ESA+/CD44+/CD24-, ESA+/CXCR4 + e ESA+/ABCG2 + foram determinados por citometria de fluxo em tumores frescos amostrados após a digestão do tecido. A relação entre as análises de citometria de fluxo e resposta clínica e patológica à terapia foi analisada. Resultados: A resposta clínica completa (RCC) e resposta patológica completa (PCR) foram observadas em 15 (36%) e 10 (24%) pacientes respectivamente. Não observamos uma associação significativa entre PCR, ER, PgR ou expressão HER2. Observamos uma associação entre o tamanho clínico com percentual de células ESA+/ABCG2+ dentro do tumor (p = 0,0481) e do grau tumoral com a capacidade de formação de esferas (p = 0,0392). Nenhuma correlação entre PCR e a população de células CD44+/CD24- dentro do tumor foi observada. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a expressão de ESA+/ABCG2+ e ESA+/CXCR4+ com o número de formação de mamosferas (p = 0,0007 e p = 0,0497, respectivamente). Esta correlação não foi significativa em comparação com células ESA+/CD44+/CD24-. Conclusões: O percentual de células cancerosas ABCG2+ dentro do tumor e do número de formação mamosferas são fatores preditivos de PCR em pacientes submetidos à QNA para CMLA. ABCG2 é um marcador potencial para CTCMs. Palavras chave: Câncer de mama, Célula tronco tumoral, Quimioterapia neoadjuvante, Taxanos, Fatores prognósticos. / Breast cancer is a disease highly prevalent and incident. In our country, about half of cases are diagnosed in advanced stages locally and / or disseminated. In this situation the therapeutic success rate is small. Recently been reported in the literature cancer stem cells (CSC) as those responsible for tumor recurrence, as this type of cells could repopulate the host cell tumor of the same origin. It is also postulated that this type of cells are resistant to chemotherapy. Thus the prognosis of a patient depend directly on the amount of CSC present in their tumor at the time of treatment. The expressions of CD44/CD24, CXCR4 and ABCG2 have been reported as potential breast cancer stem-like cell (CSLC) markers. The association between the quantity of CSLCs and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains unclear. Methods: We prospectively analyzed the expression of CD44/CD24, CXCR4 and ABCG2 in 41 breast cancer patients with locally advanced or metastatic (CMLA) submitted to NAC. The assay mamosferas (Mammocult ®) was studied in 25 samples. Mean age of patients was 52.9 ± 10.3 years. According to the clinical stage (CS), one patient was classified as IIa, IIb 5 patients, 10 were IIIa, IIIb were 16, 1 and 8 have been IIIc IV. The mean diameter of tumor therapy was 5.6 ± 3 cm. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and HER2 showed positive expression rates of 65%, 58% and 46%, respectively. The median percentage of cells ESA+/CD44+/CD24-, ESA+/CXCR4+ and ESA+/ABCG2+ were determined by flow cytometry in tumors sampled after digestion fresh tissue. The relationship between flow cytometric analysis and clinical and pathological response to therapy was assessed. Results: The complete clinical response (CCR) and pathologic complete response (PCR) was seen in 15 (36%) and 10 (24%) patients, respectively. We did not observe a significant association between CRP, ER, PgR and HER2 expression. An association was observed between the size clinical percentage of cells ESA+/ABCG2+ within the tumor (p = 0.0481) and tumor grade with the ability to form spheres (p = 0.0392). No correlation between PCR and cell population CD44+/CD24-within the tumor was observed. There was a positive correlation between the expression of ESA+/ABCG2+ and ESA+/CXCR4+ with the number of training mamosferas (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.0497, respectivamenete). This correlation was not significant compared with cells ESA+/CD44+/CD24-. Conclusions: The percentage of ABCG2 + cancer cells within the tumor and the number of training mamosferas are predictors of CRP in patients undergoing NAC for CMLA. ABCG2 is a potential marker for CTCMs. Keywords: Breast cancer, stem cell tumor, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, taxanes, Prognostic factors.
19

Expressão da topoisomerase II alpha e do HER-2/neu como fatores preditivos de resposta clínica e patológica em pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas à quimioterapia neoadjuvante / Expression of topoisomerase II alpha and HER-2/neu as predictive factors to clinical and pathologic response of breast cancer patients submitted to neoadjvant treatment

Zola, Fábio Eduardo 22 May 2009 (has links)
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a importância da expressão das proteínas topoisomerase II alfa (topo II) e HER-2 como fatores preditvos da resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante e prognóstico em pacientes com câncer de mama nos estádio clínico II e III. Pacientes e métodos: 99 pacientes receberam quimioterapia neoadjuvante com docetaxel (75mg /m²) e epirrubicina (50 mg/m²) em infusão endovenosa no dia 1 a cada 3 semanas após terem sido submetidas a biópsia incisional. Foi complementado tratamento sistêmico com quimioterapia adjuvante com CMF ou FEC de acordo com o estado axilar avaliada após a cirurgia definitiva e/ou hormonioterapia de acordo com a avaliacãodos receptores hormonais. Avaliamos a taxa de resposta ao tratamento neoadjuvante e a influência da topo II alfa e do HER-2 na taxa de resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante bem comona sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. Também foram avaliadas a expressão dos receptores hormonais. Resultados: a taxa de resposta clínica objetiva foi de 80,8 % com 9,1 % de resposta patológica completa. A expressão da topo II alfa nao apresentou significância nas taxas de resposta ou na sobrevida das pacietnes e nao houve correlação entre a expressão desta proteína e de HER-2. A superexpressão da proteína HER-2 foi associada com uma redução significante nas taxas de sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global (p= 0,04 e p= 0,004, respectivamente). Conclusão: a expressão da topo II alfa não demonstrou, em nosso estudo, ser fator preditivo ou prognóstico nas pácientes submetidas a quimioterapia neoadjuvante com docetaxel e epirrubicina. / The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of the expression of the proteins topoisomerase II alpha (topo II) and HER-2 as predictive factors to response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with clinical stage II and stage III breast cancer. Patients and methods: 99 patients have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel (75mg /m²) and epirrubicine (50 mg/m²) through intravenous infusion on D1 q3 weeks, after submitted to pathologic specimen harvest. Systemic treatment was then complemented with CMF or FEC according to the status of axilla involvement after surgical staging and/or hormone therapy according tohormone receptor status. We evaluated the response rate to neoadjuvant treatment and the influence of topo II alpha and HER-2 expression on the response rate and disease free survival and overall survival. The expression of hormone receptors was also evaluated. Results: Objective clinical response was 78,8%, with 8,2% of complete pathological response.Topo II alpha expression did not correlate to response to chemotherapy or survival and there was no correlation between topo II alpha expression and HER-2 expression. Superexpression of HER-2 protein was associated to a significant reduction in disease free survival and overall survival (p=0,04 and p=0,004, respectively). Conclusion: topo II alpha expression did not demonstrate, in our study, to be a predictive nor prognostic factor to the patientssubmitted to neoadjuvant with docetaxel and epirrubicin.
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Realce de fundo do tecido fibroglandular da mama contralateral como preditor de resposta ao tratamento quimioterápico neoadjuvante do carcinoma ductal invasivo localmente avançado / Backgroud parenchymal enhancement of the contralateral breast as predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced invasive ductal carcinoma

Costa, Denise Maria Zeoti Bueno da 01 July 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A neoplasia de mama é o tipo mais comum de câncer entre as mulheres. A despeito dos programas de rastreamento, que marcadamente reduziram a mortalidade, devido, principalmente ao diagnóstico precoce, uma significativa parcela de mulheres, apresenta-se com tumores localmente avançados na ocasião do diagnóstico. Nestas situações o tratamento neoadjuvante (TNA) está indicado. Com o advento de novos esquemas medicamentosos e crescentes indicações de TNA, busca-se fatores preditores da resposta tumoral, que a determinem de maneira precoce, precisa, objetiva e reprodutível. Até o momento, não há consenso em como determinar, clinicamente, a resposta da neoplasia ao TNA. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou a associação entre o realce de fundo do tecido fibroglandular (BPE) em exames de RM da mama contralateral a neoplasia e a resposta patológica ao tratamento quimioterápico neoadjuvante (TNA), em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama localmente avançado. Materiais e Métodos: Um total de 55 pacientes apresentando carcinoma ductal invasivo de mamas foram avaliadas, consecutivamente, entre setembro de 2010 e novembro de 2013. As pacientes selecionadas realizaram RM previamente ao início do tratamento quimioterápico e foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico após término do TNA. O BPE foi aferido através da avaliação qualitativa, de acordo com as categorias preconizadas pela 5° edição do BI-RADS e por método quantitativo, por segmentação automática do tecido fibroglandular da mama contralateral a neoplasia e cálculo do coeficiente de realce do parênquima. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com os achados anatomopatológicos encontrados na peça cirúrgica obtida ao término do TNA: Grupo Resposta Completa: ausência de neoplasia na peça cirúrgica e Grupo Resposta Ausente: presença de neoplasia residual na peça cirúrgica. O BPE destes dois grupos foi então comparado. Resultados: Encontramos diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre os grupos para a variável BPE, quando aferida de maneira qualitativa, sendo que o grupo que obteve resposta patológica completa apresentou maior BPE. A análise do coeficiente do BPE não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,075), porém uma tendência a diferença significativa, com o grupo resposta patológica completa apresentando valores superiores de coeficiente de realce, em concordância com a avaliação qualitativa. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que o BPE da mama contralateral à neoplasia pode estar relacionado à resposta patológica após TNA, quando aferido de maneira qualitativa. Maiores valores de coeficiente de BPE também parecem estar associados a maior chance de obter resposta patológica completa. / Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Despite screening programs, which markedly reduced mortality mainly due to early diagnosis, a significant number of women present with locally advanced tumors at diagnosis. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (NAT) is indicated in these situations. The advent of new drug regimens and growing indications of NAT requires biomarkers for assessing and predicting the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant therapy. At presente, there is no consensus to the early assessment of breast cancer response to NAT. Objective: This study investigated the association between Backgroud Parenchymal Enhancement (BPE) of contralateral breast cancer and the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 55 patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The selected patients underwent MRI before the start of chemotherapy and underwent surgery after TNA completion. The BPE was determined by qualitative assessment, according to the categories recommended by the 5th edition of BI- RADS, and quantitative method by automatic segmentation of fibroglandular tissue of contralateral breast and calculation of BPE coefficient. The patients were divided into two groups according to pathological findings in surgical specimens obtained at the end of TNA, Group Complete Response: no tumor in the surgical specimen and Group Response Absent: presence of residual tumor in the surgical specimen .The BPE of these two groups were compared. Results: We found a significant difference (p <0.001) between the groups for the BPE variable when measured in a qualitative manner. The complete pathological response group got highest category of BPE. The analysis of the BPE coefficient showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.075), but a tendency to significant differences, with complete pathological response group presenting higher values of BPE coefficient. Conclusions: The results suggest that the BPE of contralateral breast is correlated to the pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment, when measured in a qualitative manner. Higher values of BPE coefficient appear to be associated with a higher chance of getting complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment.

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