While telephone interpreting is very well established on the foreign market, in the Czech Republic it is still quite unknown and not very much used. Foreign companies that provide telephone interpreting have sophisticated systems to chose, train and assess interpreters and to connect them promptly with clients. This type of interpreting is being employed in various areas of human activity - in healthcare, in communication with service providers, such as banks, at courts, during police interrogations, in the private sector, where business partners need to communicate with each other, etc. Telephone interpreting is still seeking its position on the Czech market - the service is offered and provided by agencies, clients, however, are not interested. In its first part, the present thesis explores the theory and present-day situation of telephone interpreting. Telephone interpreting is defined in the contexts of remote, dialogue and community interpreting; the foreign market is described, as well as the areas where over the phone interpreting is mainly employed. The conducted research focuses on the USA, where the telephone interpreting market is developed the most. The empirical part of the thesis draws on a survey carried out among translation agencies, hospitals, nongovernmental organizations and...

Couvert à plus de 80% de forêt tropicale, et dans le contexte du spectre de l’épuisement du pétrole, le Gabon est confronté au défi d’assurer un équilibre entre exploitation et préservation de ses ressources. Les politiques qui en découlent sont largement orientées par les engagements pris par le gouvernement pour répondre aux injonctions internationales, mais aussi à la pression des bailleurs de fonds et aux promoteurs du développement durable (ONG internationales, fondations, organismes de coopération…). Cette orientation vers une gestion durable des forêts a ainsi conduit le pays à des réformes considérables : nouveaux modes de gouvernance (avec l’implication de « nouveaux » acteurs aux ambitions diverses), nouveau code forestier, nouvelle organisation des institutions, nouveaux modes d’usages des forêts. Une rupture semble être marquée ici avec une gestion héritée des indépendances, voire de l’époque coloniale. Entre revendication d’une souveraineté nationale et gestion d’une ressource qui touche à des enjeux planétaires, la gouvernance des forêts s’avère complexe pour un État aux moyens techniques et financiers limités. Les espaces forestiers et les populations qui en dépendent deviennent ainsi le terrain d’affrontements de stratégies diverses, parfois divergentes, souvent calquées sur des modèles ne correspondant pas toujours à la réalité socio-culturelle locale, mais légitimées par le seul label de gestion durable. Notre thèse donne des clés de lecture sur cette gouvernance et sur les dynamiques des politiques forestières au Gabon, en mettant l’accent sur l’observation de certains acteurs. S’il est souvent admis que les États forestiers du sud sont sous l’emprise de puissantes ONG internationales, symboles d’une gouvernance prescrite et d’une ingérence écologique, notre étude montre que la présence de ces nouveaux acteurs peut aussi témoigner d’une stratégie des gouvernements du sud pour la reconquête de leurs ressources et de leurs territoires. De dominants à dominés, on passe à une relation de gagnants à gagnants, au péril parfois d’une population locale instrumentalisée et résignée. En abordant les jeux et le rôle des acteurs pour comprendre le territoire, cette thèse offre des perspectives pour porter un nouveau regard sur la gestion des ressources forestières au Gabon. / Covered over 80 % of tropical forest, and in the context of the spectrum of oil depletion, Gabon is faced with the challenge of ensuring a balance between exploitation and conservation of its resources. As a result, policies are largely guided by the commitments made by Governments to meet international orders, but also by pressure from donors and sponsors (international NGOs, foundations, cooperation agencies…) for a Sustainable Development. This shift towards sustainable forest management has led the country to significant reforms: new modes of governance (with the involvement of "new" actors in different ambitions), new forest code, a new organization of institutions, new ways of uses of forests. A break seems to be marked here from independence and even colonial times management. Between a claim of national sovereignty and management of a resource that touches on global issues, forest governance is complex for a state limited in technical and financial resources. Forest areas and people who depend on them become the battleground of various and diverse strategies, sometimes divergent, which do not always correspond to the local socio- cultural reality, but legitimized by the single label for sustainable management. Our thesis provides keys for the reading of this governance and the dynamics of forest policies in Gabon, with emphasis on the observation of certain players. While it is often assumed that southern states forest’s are under the influence of powerful international NGOs, a symbol of a prescribed governance and environmental intervention, Our study shows that the presence of these players may also reflect a southern Governments strategy to regain their resources and their territories. From dominants to dominated relationship, we go to a win-win relationship, sometimes at the risk of a local population exploited and designated. In addressing the role of games and players to understand the territory, this thesis provides opportunities to bring a new perspective on the management of forest resources in Gabon.

Práce ověřuje pracovní hypotézy: (i) finanční řízení zahraniční mise nestátní neziskové organizace je specifickou oblastí, která si zaslouží vlastní metodologický přístup a (ii) požadavky na finančního manažera zahraniční mise jsou odlišné od běžného finančního manažera nestátní neziskové organizace Popisuje poslání, hodnoty a vize nestátních neziskových organizací, strategické řízení, finanční plánování, project cycle management, rizika v neziskovém sektoru a finanční zdroje. Praktická část definuje humanitární a rozvojovou pomoc, vysvětluje pozici organizace v tomto kontextu a vymezuje charakteristiky zahraničních misí, dále popisuje finance v organizační struktuře, vysvětluje finanční plánování, ekonomiku misí na Kavkaze a ukázkový rozpočet projektu, nakonec popisuje pracovní náplň finančního manažera mise a specifika života a práce v rozvojovém světě.

The aim of this dissertation is to examine approaches to social work dealing with children at risk and their families. Of particular interest to this examination are the processes of social work practice, support of vulnerable children, family's effect upon child's endangered situation as well as the role of family in the process of social work practice with the child. Further subjects of investigation are specific methods and instruments of social work practice with children in need, competence and role of social workers along with legal standards in this field of social work. The first part of the work describes general and theoretical structure of social work practice with socially endangered children. Following part consists of social work methods applied in Mezipatro Children's Centre. The research part includes an analysis of semi- structured interviews conducted with social workers from Mezipatro Children's Centre and is focused on efficiency and risks of social work tools used in Mezipatro Children's Centre.

The rising number of disasters, both natural and man-made, has created a greater need for humanitarian interventions. Simultaneously, it has also created larger room for disaster capitalism, a phenomenon where certain actors use disasters to push economic interests. NGO:s are one of the main actors in post-disaster settings, which happens to be the very same sphere as the one where disaster capitalism occurs. Thus, this study will examine how NGO:s can work to counteract disaster capitalism. This is done by looking at how Swedish NGO:s implement their work and whether this is compatible with Loretta Pyles’ decolonising disaster social work framework (2017), which is deemed to contain measures which can hamper disaster capitalism. Furthermore, it also delves into NGO perception of privatisation of the humanitarian sector, which consociates with disaster capitalism, which is done by looking at how Swedish NGO:s experience the expansion of privatisations into the humanitarian sphere. The methodology is based on semi-structured interviews with representatives from a number of Swedish NGO:s active in the humanitarian sector, from which data has been qualitatively analysed. The results show, among other things, that disaster capitalism as a concept is fairly unknown among most of the NGO:s, however central aspects are recognised by many. It also shows that Swedish NGO:s are generally in line with Pyles’ framework. The dilemmas of the localisation agenda are examined, where the ambitions are high but institutional barriers hamper movement in its direction. Similarly, the pros and cons of international standards are discussed and whether these are a barrier to localisation. Resilience and the humanitarian-development nexus are highly contemporary matters and are also debated. The position towards private actors and privatisations of the humanitarian sector is contradictive, as there is a general opinion that being private and for-profit is not a problem, but also a general opinion that actors have to work on a principle-basis and not to make profit. It became clear that some scepticism is levelled at private actors from an NGO perspective. Finally, critical aspects of the humanitarian system and potential future risks are discussed, with the main concern regarding a phasing out of Western NGO:s in favour for less principle-based actors from other parts of the world.

Toute action humanitaire en République Populaire Démocratique de Corée (RPDC) nécessite le soutien total de l’Etat nord-coréen avec lequel il faut négocier les conditions de distribution de l’aide à sa population. De cette dépendance naissent pour les agences humanitaires de nombreux dilemmes et risques : en acceptant de se plier aux conditions drastiques imposées par les autorités nord-coréennes, ne contribuent-elles pas à soutenir un régime considéré comme premier responsable des souffrances de sa population, et ne violent-elles pas les principes éthiques sur lesquels se base leur action ? Ce dilemme a poussé plusieurs organisations à partir de RPDC, parmi lesquelles Médecins Sans Frontières en 1998.En outre, l’importance des enjeux politiques et stratégiques sur la péninsule coréenne incitent les principaux pays bailleurs de fonds en RPDC à utiliser très souvent l’aide humanitaire dans un but politique. Cette instrumentalisation est lourde de conséquences pour les travailleurs humanitaires sur le terrain, contraints à agir dans un espace humanitaire remarquablement réduit.Quinze ans après les départs très médiatisés de plusieurs agences, six ONG européennes résidentes à Pyongyang maintiennent des programmes d’assistance à une population dont les besoins humanitaires restent immenses. Ces ONG ont adopté des stratégies de contournement qui leur ont permis de travailler sur le terrain dans le respect de leur charte éthique et qui leur ont permis, à force d’interactions ininterrompues avec leurs interlocuteurs nord-coréens, d’assouplir les contraintes sévères qui leur sont imposées. Ce travail de recherche consiste à détailler et analyser ces stratégies. / Any humanitarian action in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) requires the full support of the North Korean state, with which the conditions of aid distribution to the population must be negotiated. From this dependence arise many dilemmas and risks for the aid agencies, including whether by complying with the drastic constraints imposed by North Korean authorities they are unwillingly helping sustain a regime that is primarily responsible for the sufferings of its population and concerns that this may violate the ethical principles at the core of their aid efforts. This dilemma obliged several aid organizations, including Doctors Without Borders in 1998, to completely cease aid activities in the DPRK.Moreover, given the political and strategic importance of the Korean Peninsula, primary donor states of the DPRK tend to use aid as political leverage. This use of aid significantly affects the aid workers on the ground, who find themselves constrained and working in a remarkably reduced humanitarian space.Fifteen years after the highly publicized departure of several aid agencies, six European NGOs residing in Pyongyang continue to provide assistance programs to a population whose humanitarians needs remain largely unmet. These NGOs have adopted dilemma-circumventing strategies which allow them to work while adhering to their ethical codes of conduct and, thanks to constant interactions with their North Korean counterparts, to soften the severe constraints to which they are subjected. These strategies will be detailed and analyzed in this research.

Cette thèse est le résultat de l'observation des politiques de développement des pays africains depuis les indépendances dans les années 1960. Il ressort que le continent reste encore dépendant de l'extérieur. De là, les bailleurs de fonds et les institutions de développement internationales ont changé de stratégies en s'orientant vers « la coopération non-Gouvernementale », dont les associations et les O.N.G constituent les canaux d'acheminement de l'aide et des projets pour les institutions et les populations. Malgré ce changement de stratégies, la pauvreté persiste. Ce qui nous conduit à reprendre l'analyse du phénomène du développement en cherchant à expliquer le contraste entre la prolifération des O.N.G dans la lutte pour la réduction de la pauvreté et sa persistance. / The results of this study are based on observations made of the development policies of African countries, since the independence of these African countries in 1960. lt appears that the continent is still structurally dependent from outside entities. So, donors and international development institutions have decided to change their strategies and moved towards a new form of cooperation called « Non-Governmental cooperation » by using associations and NGOs as delivery channels to birth projects and aid for institutions as well as populations. With these changes in strategy, the poverty still persists. The subject matter of our research is what explains the contrast betvveen the proliferation of NGOs and non-Poverty reduction solutions and the Iack of actual results.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Daros Carneiro.pdf: 952616 bytes, checksum: eaf6399e6fbadcf49a1027d178dccfbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / This is a study of a partnership between the Municipal Secretariat of Citizenship, Welfare and Social Inclusion (SMCAIS), a nongovernmental organization (NGO) and a public school in a town in the state of S?o Paulo (SP) . This partnership is developed through socio-educational activities for children and male adolescents, aged between 6 and 14 years, against the school schedule. The overall objective is to identify as non-formal education has been conceived and proposed within this partnership. Specifically, it aims to examine what they are and who should receive these socio-educational; discuss the presence of instruments and valuation models, both of public policy interest in the field of non-formal education and, finally, to identify the ( s) form (s) of existence of dialogue between the various bodies that compose this public assistance policy. The research methodology consists of: (i) review of key concepts such as non-formal education, evaluation, non-governmental organization, public and social policies, (ii) research on documentary material relating to the partnership, especially SMCAIS and NGOs (Resolution No. 01/2009 municipal, annual management reports, news articles, bylaws, work plans for 2009 and 2010 annual technical report of 2009 activities, organization chart) and (iii) semi-structured interviews with one representative from each of the institutions that make up this partnership (the educational coordinator of the NGO, a psychologist at the City Office and vice director of the school). We used a qualitative approach and the empirical material has been reviewed and organized according to categories constructed along the analytical process. As final results, we found that the non-formal education in our case, seems to be designed in ways contradictory, since while he assumed the defense speech of social transformation, in practice this character is not evident. These contradictions were analyzed in so-called socio-educational activities, forms of dialogue established between the institutions and instruments of evaluation. With regard to assessment procedures used were able to identify weaknesses and limitations, when it is adopted as reference the concept of formative evaluation: the tools are focused on the bureaucratic, technical, financial and quantitative development of the project, and are is centralized by a single institution, the SMCAIS. We believe that this research will bring significant contributions to advancing the discussions on educational concepts present in the forms of partnership between state public sector and private sector, from a broad view of education. / Trata-se de um estudo sobre uma parceria entre a Secretaria Municipal de Cidadania, Assist?ncia e Inclus?o Social (SMCAIS), uma organiza??o n?o-governamental (ONG) e uma escola p?blica estadual de uma cidade do interior do estado de S?o Paulo (SP). Esta parceria ? desenvolvida por meio de a??es s?cio-educativas destinadas a crian?as e adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idade entre 6 e 14 anos, no contra turno escolar. O objetivo geral da pesquisa ? identificar como a educa??o n?o-formal vem sendo concebida e proposta dentro desta parceria. Especificamente, pretendemos verificar o que s?o e a quem se destinam estas a??es s?cio-educativas; problematizar a presen?a de instrumentos e modelos de avalia??o, tanto da pol?tica p?blica como das a??es no campo da educa??o n?o-formal; e, por fim, identificar a(s) forma(s) de exist?ncia de di?logo entre as diferentes inst?ncias que comp?em essa pol?tica p?blica assistencial. A metodologia de pesquisa ? composta por: (i) a revis?o bibliogr?fica dos conceitos chaves, tais como educa??o n?o-formal, avalia??o, organiza??o n?o-governamental, pol?ticas p?blicas e sociais; (ii) pesquisa documental sobre materiais referentes ? parceria, especialmente da SMCAIS e da ONG (resolu??o municipal n?01/2009, relat?rios anuais de gest?o, reportagens, estatuto social, Planos de trabalho de 2009 e 2010, relat?rio t?cnico anual de atividades de 2009, organograma da entidade) e (iii) entrevistas semiestruturadas com um representante de cada uma das institui??es que comp?em esta parceria (a coordenadora pedag?gica da ONG, a psic?loga da secretaria municipal e o vice-diretor da escola). Utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa e o material emp?rico foi examinado e organizado de acordo com categorias constru?das ao longo do processo anal?tico. Como resultados finais, identificamos que a educa??o n?o-formal no caso em estudo, parece ser concebida de formas contradit?rias, uma vez que ao mesmo tempo em que assume o discurso de defesa da transforma??o social, na pr?tica este car?ter n?o ? evidenciado. Estas contradi??es foram analisadas nas chamadas a??es s?cioeducativas, nas formas de di?logo estabelecidas entre as institui??es e nos instrumentos de avalia??o. No que se refere aos procedimentos de avalia??o utilizados foi poss?vel identificar fragilidades e limita??es, quando adota-se como refer?ncia o conceito de avalia??o formativa: os instrumentos est?o focalizados em aspectos burocr?ticos, t?cnicos, financeiros e quantitativos do desenvolvimento do projeto; e, encontram-se centralizados por uma ?nica institui??o, a SMCAIS. Consideramos que a presente pesquisa trar? contribui??es importantes para fazer avan?ar as reflex?es sobre concep??es educacionais presentes nas formas de parceria entre setor p?blico estatal e setor privado, a partir de uma vis?o ampla de educa??o.

The purpose of this research was to examine potential sustainable delivery methods for Oral Health Promotion (OHP) in developing populations in India, utilising non-dental rural community development groups, specifically those led by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) involved in community development. The focus of this research was based on a longitudinal cohort study experimental design for exploratory purposes conducted over a period of one year, using a randomised cluster sampling of community developmental projects within the rural-tribal villages of Ambernath, Maharashtra, India. The study was measured in 4 phases: oral health knowledge of village parents through a questionnaire, dental screenings of children, and integration of a ‘train-the-trainer’ type of Oral Health Awareness Programme (OHAP) for three test groups, followed by one-year comparison follow-up data. Findings show evidence of comprehension and dissemination of the information in the OHAP course. Screening data also showed a reduction in decay in primary and permanent teeth in the children, after one year, and a positive change in oral hygiene behaviours. The collaboration and utilisation of non-dental NGO teams and local participatory groups from a ‘grass-roots’ level was proven to be effective for disseminating information and activities for oral health awareness and promotional programmes within these populations. Evidence supports a collaboration of these groups can be recommended for introducing a structured and understandable oral health programme utilising non-dental NGO and local participatory groups.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSilviaGomesNogueira.pdf: 956384 bytes, checksum: 5f87791f2222744460c67e4fa01a59c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research firstly introduced problems associated with social interventions that concerned the street children. The situation of exclusion this population undergoes took us to consider the different social actors that interfere into this reality. As a second step, we focused on the practices held by Non-Governamental Organizations (NGOs) founded during the 1990s, as we heard their professionals. Therefore we unveiled the meanings suggested by the term NGO, considering both the speeches and proposals which regarded the children and the Young. Nowadays the term NGO doens t reveal much about these organizations. It sounds confusing and ambiguous. There are many institutions which call themselves non-governamental. Not only do they hold different proposals, but they also sound controversial. As the NGOs settle themselves as legal institutions, they maintain partnership policies with the Estate and/or private enterprises. Some NGOs focus their work on counselling popular movements; some others enact the profile of business philanthropy, as they join the social context aligned with the neoliberal project under the logic of capitalism to the detriment of a political background. As we attempt for the consistency between the speeches and practices held by the NGOs conjoined to enterprises, we notice the unveiling of a self-centered model of knowledge management. There is a need for controlling knowledge and it forbides the flowing of ideas, the freedom of thought in its creative and dialectic flux. The attempt for controlling knowledge imposes a limit for understanding the contradictions and complexities upraised from social relations. As a result, the professionals suffer, the projects drawn for the benefit of the Young keep them further and further from the institutions. As some enterprises and NGOs incorporate the socialist speech, they disregard history and delimit the speech into a franchise of concepts. Hence, critics are expressed into a homogeneous shape and loses conherence between the institutional practices and its proposals / Esta pesquisa apresentou como ponto de partida questões concernentes às intervenções sociais realizadas com meninos e meninas que vivem em situação de rua. A situação de exclusão vivenciada por esta população, levou-nos a refletir sobre os diferentes atores sociais que interferem nesta dinâmica. Dentre eles, atentamo-nos às práticas das Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) fundadas a partir de 1990. Transitamos pelo significado de ONG, seu discurso e propostas junto às crianças e jovens, a partir do olhar de seus profissionais. Atualmente a sigla ONG pouco revela, recheia-se de ambigüidade. São inúmeras as instituições que se auto-intitulam não governamentais, apresentado propostas muito diversas e, inclusive, antagônicas. Ao se instituírem como personalidade jurídica, as ONGs adotam uma política de parcerias com o Estado e/ou empresas do setor privado lucrativo. Algumas delas procuram desenvolver um trabalho de assessoria junto aos movimentos populares; outras desenvolvem um perfil de filantropia empresarial e se integram no bojo das relações sociais alinhadas com a proposta neoliberal de reestruturação do capitalismo, em detrimento da formação política. Ao procurarmos compreender a consistência entre o discurso e a prática destas ONGs - aqui chamadas de ONGs empresariais - percebemos seu entretecimento a partir de um modelo fechado de gestão do conhecimento. Procura-se controlar e gerir o conhecimento, impedindo-se o livre fluxo das idéias, a razão livre, o pensamento criador e dialético. A tentativa de controle do conhecimento limita o entendimento das contradições e complexidades da realidade social, resultando em atitudes que geram o distanciamento do jovem e causando sofrimento para o profissional. As empresas e ONGs empresariais incorporam o discurso socialista destituindo-lhe a história, limitando-o a uma franquia de conceitos. Assim a crítica se uniformiza, torna-se homogênea perdendo-se entre a falácia e as ações institucionais