Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1083374 bytes, checksum: 0af4145e55ef61a65c31e61f61073f1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation entitled: The Social and Educational Inclusion of Children and Young People with Visual Impairment and participation of the NGO Institute of the Blind of Paraiba, this is a survey developed in the Graduate Programs in Social Work at the Federal University of Paraíba and by objectives the analysis of social-inclusive implemented by the NGO Institute of the Blind of Paraiba, aimed at children and youth with visual impairments, from the perception of these subjects in terms of social inclusion process to which they are submitted according to the parameters of the National Education Policy inclusive. The study was premised on the analysis of public policies of assistance to young people with visual disabilities specifically developed by the government with the participation of the NGO Institute of the Blind (ICP) in completing the process of social inclusion. The references presented a discussion on the role of social organizations linked to the Third Sector, focusing on the spoken-NGO-Citizens in the perspective of solidarity, as a key agent for completion and support of public policies in view of the great challenge that is put subjects such policies as real protagonists. The social-educational activities undertaken by the NGO / ICP, the object of our investigation, we are all linked to the process of social inclusion of its users, such as education, sport, culture, facilitation of access, the poor entry to the market of work to end discrimination and the exercise of citizenship. It must be remembered that all these actions are conditions to prevent social exclusion, while effecting inclusive actions. In this sense our research contributes to the broadening of debate about the problems faced by disabled people considering the responses materialized through public policies and operated both by the public as by private non-profit organization, attention to their needs and achieving its rights. / A presente dissertação intitulada: A Inclusão Sócio-Educacional de Crianças e Jovens com Deficiência Visual e a Participação da ONG Instituto dos Cegos da Paraíba, trata-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Programas de Pós Graduação em Serviço Social da Universidade Federal da Paraíba tendo por objetivos a analise das ações sócio-inclusivas implementadas pela ONG Instituto dos Cegos da Paraíba, voltadas para crianças e Jovens com deficiência visual, a partir das percepções desses sujeitos em relação ao processo de inclusão social ao qual estão submetidos segundo os parâmetros da Política Nacional de Educação Inclusiva. O estudo teve como premissa a análise das políticas públicas de atendimento aos jovens portadores de deficiência visual especificamente, desenvolvida pelo poder público com a participação da ONG Instituto dos Cegos (ICP) na complementação do processo de inclusão social. A bibliografia levantada apresentou a discussão em torno do papel social das organizações ligadas ao Terceiro Setor, enfocando as -ONGs ditas Cidadãs- na perspectiva da solidariedade, como agente fundamental para complementação e apoio às políticas públicas, tendo em vista o grande desafio que é colocar os sujeitos dessas políticas, como verdadeiros protagonistas. As ações sócio-educativas desenvolvidas pela ONG/ICP, objeto da nossa investigação, estão todas vinculadas ao processo de inclusão social dos seus usuários, a exemplo da educação, do esporte, da cultura, da facilitação do acesso, da entrada do deficiente ao mercado de trabalho, ao combate da discriminação e pelo exercício da cidadania. Convém frisar que todas essas ações são condicionantes para evitar a exclusão social e ao mesmo tempo efetivar ações inclusivas. Nesse sentido a nossa investigação vem contribuir para a ampliação do debate a respeito dos problemas enfrentados pelos deficientes considerando as respostas materializadas por meio de políticas publicas e operacionalizadas tanto pelo poder publico como pela iniciativa privada não lucrativa, na atenção as suas necessidades e concretização dos seus direitos.

The aim of the theses is to assess on the background of the actual stage of the international, European (EU) and national level of the EIA procedure legislation the effectiveness of this procedure in the Czech Republic, both regarding the requirements laid down for this procedure on the EU level as well as from the view of the particular national actors involved (i.e. developers, competent authorities, expert's reports makers and public concerned). The thesis has been divided into five substantial chapters. The first one describes the outcomes of the EIA procedure as such. The subsequent second and third chapter summarise the actual stage of the environmental impact assessment procedure on the supranational (international and EU) and national level. The fourth chapter deals with the effectiveness of EIA procedure in its current stage in the Czech Republic: it describes and compares the particular shortcomings of this procedure from both the point of view of the requirements laid down for the EIA procedure on the EU level as well as the point of view of the national actors concerned. On this background, the fifth chapter assesses the overall effectiveness of the EIA procedure in the Czech Republic and submits recommendations for possible improvements.

Children out of family relationships enter the world of street and socialize with groups of peers with whom they share daily activities like work, theft and alcohol and inhalants consumption. Their lives are commonly associated with survival. However, the study of their life courses shows that the use ofthis term is not always adequate. Following implementation of supports and forms of stability that children reach to maintain with peers and associations, survival gives way to a relative control, random but real, of their destiny. From a fieldwork in La Paz and El Alto (Bolivia) with observations and children life stories in street situation, the article highlights transitions to and out of survival in their biographical course to characterize this notion. / Los niños que rompen los vínculos con su familia entran en el universo de la calle y se socializan con grupos de pares, con los cuales comparten actividades cotidianas como el trabajo, el robo o el consumo de alcohol e inhalantes. Sus condiciones de existencia se asocian frecuentemente con la supervivencia. Sin embargo, el estudio de sus trayectos de vida enseña que el uso de este término no resulta siempre adecuado. Según la implementación de soportes y las formas de estabilidad que los niños logran mantener con sus pares y el medio asociativo, la supervivencia desaparece en favor de un control, aleatorio pero real, de su destino. A partir de una investigación en La Paz y El Alto (Bolivia) compuesta por observaciones y relatos de vida de niños y jóvenes en situación de calle, este artículo evidencia las transiciones hacia y fuera de la supervivencia en su itinerario biográfico con el fin de caracterizar esta noción.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / The present study dedicates to discuss the function of NGO in concerning to information of adolescent to the work and/or the introduction of those people at the productive market. It is important, in that trade, to debate the concepts of labour, work and human action, in perspective adopted by Hannah Arendt and of intellectually and organicity, under the optic by Antonio Gramsci. It is said that the Brazilian legislation, mainly concern to the childhood and adolescence rights, it searches to do the distinction between possible work and necessity work, in concern social-economic class perspectives. The historic legacy in concerning to the adolescents, national and international it is confronted with affect examples to comum sense to the juridic norm and to the politicÂs perspectives, adopted for the public power for manager and for civil society entity. Through the case of study with what it was called Reference to Entity (IDER and ELO AMIGO); analyze of printed and virtual documents (produced by NGO, another researches, class entities, international institution of Cooperation and United Nation, organ of Public power; analyze of detail of recently Brazilian census (IBGE) it is done the diagnosis of necessity and viability of work fulfilled by NGO about famine to admission of adolescents to the work of market; at immediate effects and interference to admission of world work at citizenship exercise for these people in development. / O presente estudo dedica-se a discutir o papel desempenhado pelas ONGs no tocante à formaÃÃo de adolescentes para o trabalho e/ou à introduÃÃo dessas pessoas no mercado produtivo. Importa, nesse mister, debater os conceitos de labor, trabalho e aÃÃo humana, na perspectiva abraÃada por Hannah Arendt e de intelectualidade e organicidade, sob a Ãptica de Antonio Gramsci. Tendo em vista a legislaÃÃo brasileira, principalmente no que diz respeito aos direitos da infÃncia e adolescÃncia, busca-se fazer a distinÃÃo entre trabalho possÃvel e trabalho necessÃrio, tendo em vista perspectivas econÃmico-sociais de classe. O legado histÃrico no tocante ao trabalho de adolescentes, nacional e internacional, à confrontado com exemplos afetos ao senso comum, à norma jurÃdica e Ãs perspectivas polÃticas, abraÃadas pelo poder pÃblico, pelo empresariado e pelas entidades da sociedade civil. Por meio de estudo de caso, com o que se chamou de Entidades de ReferÃncia (IDER e ELO AMIGO); anÃlise de documentos impressos e virtuais (produzidos por ONGs, outros pesquisadores, entidades de classe, instituiÃÃes da cooperaÃÃo internacional e das NaÃÃes Unidas, ÃrgÃos do poder pÃblico; anÃlise de dados dos censos brasileiros recentes (IBGE) faz-se o diagnÃstico da necessidade e viabilidade do trabalho realizado por ONGs acerca do fomento ao ingresso de adolescentes no mercado de trabalho; de seus efeitos imediatos e da interferÃncia do ingresso no mundo do trabalho no exercÃcio da cidadania por essas pessoas em desenvolvimento.

Cette thèse de doctorat en sciences de gestion interroge les impacts des collaborations entre les entreprises et la sphère non gouvernementale. Elle envisage en ce sens dans quelle mesure les ONG contribuent à la performance globale des firmes à travers leur responsabilité sociale.L’état de l’art qui porte sur les mots clés de notre sujet a permis de souligner un triple élargissement au sein des entreprises : premièrement, une ouverture de leur gouvernance qui se traduit par l’introduction de nouvelles parties prenantes dans le cœur névralgique des sociétés ; deuxièmement, un approfondissement de la performance qui n’est plus abordée uniquement sous un angle économique et financier mais également sous ses aspects sociaux, environnementaux et sociétaux ; et enfin, un développement des outils de mesure de la performance. En effet, le reporting économique est désormais complété par des rapports de développement durable. Cet élargissement des outils de mesure est parfois caractérisé par un reporting intégré qui systématise le lien entre le financier et l’extra-financier.Les enjeux de cette recherche qualitative à vocation exploratoire sont triples : il s’agit tout d’abord de comprendre l’implication des acteurs en caractérisant leur posture dans les partenariats mais aussi en faisant la lumière sur leurs motivations à collaborer. Puis, il s’agit de déterminer les modalités des partenariats qui existent entre les firmes et les ONG, en spécifiant la notion de « dialogue » et les caractéristiques des partenariats stratégiques. Enfin, il s’agit de mesurer la contribution des ONG à la performance globale en analysant ses impacts sous le prisme d’une performance quadri-axiale et plus spécifiquement en ayant recours au cadre méthodologique du Reporting Intégré.Nos travaux se sont concrétisés par l’étude documentaire et statistique de 301 entreprises ainsi que des ONG qui gravitaient autour de leur sphère socio-économique. Puis, nous avons à partir de cet échantillon réalisé 44 entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’entreprises et d’ONG et avons complété notre recherche par une étude de cas sur le partenariat stratégique entre Michelin et le WWF. Lors de cette étude de cas nous avons à la fois interrogé des parties prenantes internes à cette collaboration, comme les responsables en charge de la coopération, mais aussi des parties prenantes externes, comme le Directeur Général Délégué de l'International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) ou encore le Directeur Général du Syndicat des Professionnels du Pneu (SPP). / This doctoral thesis in management sciences questions the impacts of collaborations between companies and the non-governmental sphere. It takes into consideration the extent to which the NGOs contribute to the overall performance of firms through their social responsibility.The state-of-the-art of the key words with regards to our topic has highlighted a threefold expansion within companies: first, an openness of their governance which translates into the introduction of new stakeholders in the core of the society; secondly, a deepening of performance that is no longer observed solely from an economic and financial perspective but also from its social and environmental aspects; and finally, the development of performance measurement tools. As a matter of fact, economic reporting is now complemented by sustainable development reports. This expansion of measurement tools is sometimes characterized as an integrated reporting that systematizes the link between the financial and the extra-financial.The challenges of this qualitative research with an exploratory aim are threefold: firstly, it addresses understanding the involvement of the actors by characterizing their posture within partnerships but also by shedding light on their motivations to collaborate. Secondly, it is necessary to determine the modalities of the partnerships that exist between the firms and the NGOs, specifying the notion of "dialogue" and the characteristics of strategic partnerships. Finally, this research addresses measuring the contribution of NGOs to the overall performance by analyzing its impacts under the prism of a four-axial performance and more specifically using the methodology of Integrated Reporting.Our research has been materialized through a documentary and a statistical study of 301 companies and NGOs that revolved around their socio-economic sphere. Based on this sample, we further conducted 44 semi-structured interviews with companies and NGOs and completed our research with a case study on the strategic partnership between Michelin and WWF. In this case study we have on one hand interviewed internal stakeholders, such as those in charge of cooperation, and on the other hand, external stakeholders, such as the Deputy Managing Director of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) ) and the General Manager of the Union of Professionals for Tires (Syndicat des Professionnels du Pneu - SPP).

In 2009 a member of the Ugandan parliament presented a draft law called ”the Anti-homosexuality bill”. The bill included further restrictions against homosexuality, which already is a crime in Uganda. For instance it suggested that homosexuals should be sentenced to death. The world reacted strongly to this draft law and proclaimed it to violate principles of universal human rights. Media, political leaders and non-governmental organisations all over the world condemned the draft law and a discussion about human rights in Uganda rose. The perception of the international society, criticising the draft law, seemed to be that human rights are universal and should be valid in every state of the world, whereas the message from Ugandan politicians indicated that they ought to be able to legislate without any external interference. This thesis aims to define discourses of human rights within the Ugandan society. We will focus on the Ugandan government and the Ugandan civil society and we will distinguish differences between urban and rural areas. To be able to define a discourse of human right in the Ugandan civil society we performed a field study in the country during eight weeks from April to June 2010. This was made possible through a minor field study scholarship (MFS), funded by SIDA. With our base in the capital Kampala we travelled around the country to visit and interview organisations in both urban and rural areas. The gathered data was then analysed and compared with the data of the Ugandan government, which was achieved through text analyses. Our thesis will show that there are apparent differences in discourses and perceptions of human rights. We divide the studied areas into three discourses; the government, national NGOs and regional NGOs. In the last part of our thesis we will present conclusions and reflections about the result of the field study.

In the face of the complexity and the urgency of the sustainability challenge, communication of sustainability to the public to motivate behaviour change is found to be an urgent concern. Communication based on appealing to the values of the audience is particularly powerful in addressing social and ecological concerns. Previous research has shown that there is a positive correlation between appealing to intrinsic values and motivation for sustainable behaviours, as opposed to activation of extrinsic values which might lead to the counter outcome. This research seeks to investigate how values-based communication for sustainability can be applied strategically within the third sector based on the activation of intrinsic values. The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) was used as a conceptual frame to enhance the contextualization of the topic and analyse the findings. Ten interviews were conducted with experts and practitioners in the field, aiming to capture the current application of the concept, the enablers, and barriers for implementing it as well as potential key factors for a successful and strategic practice of values-based communication. Interview findings indicated that a strategic approach is lacking when values-based communication is applied. Based on these findings, a set of recommendations were developed with the intention of serving practitioners and experts in the field. The primary aim of this study is to contribute to the enhancement of the strategic application of values-based communication for sustainability. / In this thesis it is discussed how values-based communication for sustainability can be applied strategically within the third sector, based on the activation of intrinsic values. Based on theoretical ground as well as the conducted research results a set of recommendations were developed with the intention of serving practitioners and experts in the field. The primary aim of this study is to contribute to enhancing the strategic application of values-based communication for sustainability.

D’origine anglo-saxonne, le lobbying, en tant que stratégie d’influence du décideur politique ou des politiques publiques est une pratique connue dans le monde entier. Le Burkina Faso, en Afrique de l’Ouest, ne fait pas exception à la règle. On observe en effet des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) utiliser les techniques du lobbying pour promouvoir des causes nobles, à savoir la bonne gouvernance socio-politique, la lutte contre la corruption, l’accès gratuit des personnes vivant avec le VIH aux médicaments essentiels génériques et la promotion de l’hygiène/assainissement aux populations rurales défavorisées. Mais comment les actions de communication sont-elles mises en place ? Et comment peut-on les observer et les analyser du point de vue des Sciences de l’information et de la Communication, en général, et de la Communication des organisations, en particulier ? Notre méthode d’investigation est qualitative et inscrite dans une approche constructiviste. Un guide d’entretien semi-directif nous a aidé à interroger quatre groupes d’ONG, chaque groupe étant composé de quatre structures, soit 16 entretiens au total conduits. L’analyse thématique appliquée au contenu des entretiens, confrontée à d’autres sources d’information comme les articles de presse, nous confirme plusieurs choses. D’une part, il apparaît que les médias sont utilisés comme médiateurs entre Organisations de la société civile – auxquelles les ONG sont rattachées – et groupe des gouvernants. D’autre part, l’étude révèle que la maîtrise de l’information est capitale dans l’exercice de l’influence politique et que la mise en réseau (ou la construction de relations) avec des alliés joue en faveur des structures engagées dans les actions. Ensuite, il ressort le fait que le pouvoir en place, qui n’est pas totalement démocratique, est sensible à la fois aux stratégies de négociation et de confrontation avec les opérateurs de la société civile. Enfin, notre travail laisse voir que les événements focalisant l’attention publique sont des accélérateurs des processus de régulation sociale et politique. / Lobbying, which originates from an anglo-saxon culture, is nowadays widely known as influential efforts oriented towards policy makers and public policies. Burkina Faso, in West Africa, does not depart from this general rule. In effect, one can observe Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) using lobbying techniques to promote great causes including, for instance, good governance in the social-political area, the fight against corruption, the free access to antiretroviral drugs to people living with HIV/AIDS, the promotion of hygiene and sanitation services to disadvantaged rural populations. But how exactly are communications actions put in place? And how can one observe and analyze them from the standpoint of the “Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication” (Public Relations) in general, and the organizational communication, in particular? Our investigation method is qualitative based and constructivist. A semi-structured interview guide has helped collect data from 4 groups of NGOs, each composed of 4 entities, which makes a total of 16 people interviewed. The thematic analysis of the content of all interviews, faced with other sources of information including the media clippings, gave us confirmation of many things. First, we learnt that the media are being used as mediators between Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) – to which NGOs are attached – and the governing body. Secondly, it appears that the control of information is critical to exerting political influence and that networking (or coalition building) with allied people or organizations is also instrumental. Another finding shows that the regime in place, which is not totally democratic, (at the time the study was performed), is open to both negotiation and confrontation strategies with CSOs. Lastly, our study shows that “focusing events” on public opinion are accelerators of social and political regulation process.

This thesis is dedicated to government anti-corruption struggle in the period from 1999 to present. The key objective is to evaluate which of the measures specified in the government policies were fulfilled and if they have a real impact on reducing the scope for corruption. The theoretical part explains the concept of corruption and the basis of the various typologies of this concept. Following the demarcation of motives for corrupt behavior and the costs associated with this behavior, then I allude to various ways of measuring corruption used in the Czech environment. Next chapter focuses on the definition of corruption from the perspective of criminal law whereas links to crimes with signs of corruption. In the practical part are incorporated findings from previous chapters to evaluate the government's anti-corruption policies within a specified period. The conclusion analyzes the nuanced measures which government has overlooked and also assesses the priorities of particular parts of Anti-Corruption Barometer, which are not sufficiently applied in the Czech Republic.

La Roumanie est passée en un laps temps très court du centralisme autoritaire à un pluralisme décentralisé. Son inscription sur l’axe politique occidentale, marquée par l’adhésion à l’OTAN et à l’UE, a intensifié les mécanismes de contrôle extérieurs, notamment dans le domaine de la justice et de la « liberté » (d’expression, de la presse, etc.). Au sens large, l’enjeu majeur fut la consolidation de la démocratie. Afin d’accomplir cette dernière, une émergence de la société civile et des organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire est indispensable. Dans les pays post-communistes, les organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire ont connu une renaissance après la chute du communiste. D’un côté, les coopératives et les mutuelles, bien présentes dans la vie économique pendant le communisme, ont gagné leur liberté interne de décision démocratique. De l’autre, les associations et les fondations, interdites auparavant, ont commencé à apparaître. Nous parlons donc d’une émergence, dans le sens d’une apparition d’un fait social, économique et politique nouveau. L’objectif général de cette étude est d’analyser l’économie sociale et solidaire roumaine par une approche géographique, à plusieurs échelles. La référence de l’étude sera la région Ouest de la Roumanie, à travers cinq territoires d’études. La finalité de la thèse est de comprendre ce qu’est l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) dans le contexte post-communiste roumain et de quelle émergence et de quelle structuration peut-on parler dans la région Ouest de la Roumanie. / Romania evolved in a very short time from an authoritarian centralism to a decentralized pluralism. Its inscription on the Western political axis, joining NATO an the EU, intensified extremal control mechanisms, particularly in the field of justice and "freedom" (of expression, of the press, etc) Broadly, the major challenge was the consolidation of democracy. To accomplish this, the mergence of civil society and social and solidarity economy's organizations was essential. In post-communist countries, the organizations of the social and solidarity economy experienced a renaissance after the fall of the Communist. On the one hand, cooperatives and mutual insurance systems, althought present in the economy during communism, gained their internal freedom of democratic decision. On the other hand, associations and foundations, previously forbidden, began to appear. We are talking about the emergence, in the sense of an appearance of a social economic and political fact. The aim of this study is to analyze the Romanian social and solidarity economy through a geographical approach, on several scales. The reference of the study will be the Western region of Romania, through five study areas. The purpose of the thesis is to understand what the social and solidarity economy (SSE) is in the Romanian post-communist context and about what kind of emergence and structuring can we deal in the Western region of Romania