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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

Pr?ticas de governan?a corporativa e o impacto no desempenho organizacional em empresas da BM&FBOVESPA

Silva, ?lisson Ara?jo Andrade 28 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-14T21:06:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonAraujoAndradeSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 771574 bytes, checksum: 3d2be4f87ee7c841fb1aef2ab13ffb42 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-15T20:54:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonAraujoAndradeSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 771574 bytes, checksum: 3d2be4f87ee7c841fb1aef2ab13ffb42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-15T20:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonAraujoAndradeSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 771574 bytes, checksum: 3d2be4f87ee7c841fb1aef2ab13ffb42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / A Governan?a Corporativa como um sistema de dire??o, monitoramento e incentivos das organiza??es, que envolve propriet?rios, Conselho de Administra??o, Diretoria e ?rg?os de controle. Seus princ?pios b?sicos s?o transpar?ncia, equidade, presta??o de contas e responsabilidade corporativa e t?m como finalidade preservar e otimizar o valor organizacional, facilitar o acesso a recursos e proporcionar uma maior longevidade da organiza??o. Devido a diversos casos de esc?ndalos financeiros na d?cada de 1980 nos Estados Unidos da Am?rica e na Europa, v?rias medidas foram tomadas para criar um ambiente de governan?a corporativa com maiores responsabilidades e san??es aos administradores. No Brasil, principalmente a partir dos anos 1990 o tema governan?a corporativa ganhou import?ncia, dando origem a diversos estudos na ?rea. V?rios estudos t?m buscado a rela??o entre a ado??o de pr?ticas de governan?a corporativa e um desempenho superior das organiza??es. Esta disserta??o investiga se a estrutura de governan?a corporativa foi relevante para um desempenho organizacional superior, relacionando tais vari?veis ?s vari?veis de governan?a corporativa referentes a Estrutura de Propriedade, Conselho de Administra??o e Emiss?o de ADR?s. Os resultados encontrados apresentam correla??es entre as vari?veis de Desempenho Organizacional , notadamente o tamanho do ativo e endividamento, com as vari?veis de governan?a corporativa. com ?ndices de desempenho econ?mico-financeiro. / Corporate Governance as a system of management, monitoring and incentives of organizations, involving owners, Board of Directors, and control bodies. Its basic principles are transparency, fairness, accountability and corporate responsibility and are intended to preserve and optimize organizational value, facilitate access to resources and provide greater longevity of the organization. Due to various cases of financial scandals in the 1980?s in the United States and Europe, a number of steps have been taken to create a corporate governance environment with greater responsibilities and sanctions for managers. In Brazil, mainly from the 1990?s on, corporate governance gained importance, giving rise to several studies in the area. Several studies have sought the relationship between the adoption of corporate governance practices and the superior performance of organizations. This dissertation investigates whether the corporate governance structure was relevant to a superior organizational performance, relating such variables to corporate governance variables related to Ownership Structure, Board of Directors and Issuance of ADR?s. The results showed correlations among the variables of Organizational Performance, especially the Size of Assets and Indebtedness, with the variables of Corporate Governance.
282

Atividade laboral como contexto de sofrimento e adoecimento ps?quico: an?lise dos servidores p?blicos em institui??o federal brasileira de ensino superior / Labor activity as a context of suffering and psychological illness: analysis of public servants in a public federal university at Brazil

Fran?a, Isabelly Marques Souza de 28 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T19:09:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabellyMarquesSouzaDeFranca_DISSERT.pdf: 1520354 bytes, checksum: 1d31be89300a2c417413b3d87b902fcd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-21T19:12:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabellyMarquesSouzaDeFranca_DISSERT.pdf: 1520354 bytes, checksum: 1d31be89300a2c417413b3d87b902fcd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T19:12:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabellyMarquesSouzaDeFranca_DISSERT.pdf: 1520354 bytes, checksum: 1d31be89300a2c417413b3d87b902fcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / O presente trabalho de pesquisa voltou-se para a descri??o e aprofundamento dos aspectos mais relevantes relacionados ? sa?de mental, sofrimento ps?quico e atividade de trabalho no ?mbito do servi?o p?blico federal brasileiro, mais especificamente com os servidores t?cnico-administrativos de institui??es federais de ensino superior. Participantes de universidade federal da regi?o nordeste representaram a categoria pesquisada. O pressuposto te?rico aqui compartilhado enfatizou a centralidade do trabalho para a constru??o da identidade psicossocial do indiv?duo, e, em decorr?ncia para sua subjetividade, sa?de e adoecimento f?sico e psicol?gico. Dados anteriores indicam que as doen?as mentais e o sofrimento ps?quico t?m especial relev?ncia como fatores incapacitantes para o trabalho. Transtornos mentais e comportamentais aparecem como respons?veis pelas principais causas para as faltas de servidores ao trabalho nos ?rg?os p?blicos brasileiros, o que correspondente a 60% dos motivos de afastamento. Nesse contexto de problematiza??o, a presente pesquisa realizou an?lises descritiva e cl?nico-interpretativa da atividade laboral de servidores p?blicos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, que apresentaram hist?rico de queixa de adoecimento ps?quico relacionado ao seu contexto laboral. Essa an?lise comportou dois estudos: o primeiro de car?ter descritivo-quantitativo e o segundo, cl?nico-qualitativo. Os resultados corroboraram os dados epidemiol?gicos de estudos anteriores quanto ? alta preval?ncia dos transtornos mentais e comportamentais (TMC) dentre as principais causas de afastamentos do trabalho dos servidores. Na institui??o pesquisada, os TMC representam o segundo lugar dentre as ocorr?ncias de Licen?a para Tratamento da pr?pria Sa?de, concedidas aos servidores entre os anos de 2012 a 2014. Por sua vez, a an?lise cl?nica qualitativa assinalou a potencialidade metodol?gica da cl?nica da atividade em contextos de sofrimento e/ou adoecimento ps?quico no trabalho, ao proporcionar um suporte terap?utico aos participantes e auxiliar na explica??o dos dados quantitativos. / This research work aimed to describe relevant aspects concerning mental health, psychological suffering and labor activity in the context of technical workers engaged in a Brazilian public federal university service. The main theoretical principle framing the present research established the centrality of working activity in building psychosocial identity of the individual, together with his/her subjectivity, health and both psychological and somatic illnesses. Previous research data indicate that mental illnesses and psychological suffering are among the most important aspects concerning suspension of working activity in Brazilian public service. Mental and behavioral conditions appear as disturbances justifying absence and medical license in Brazilian public service, corresponding to 60% of all mentioned causes of absence due to illnesses. In this context, the presented research performed both quantitative-descriptive and clinical-qualitative analysis of labor activity of public servants from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, having received formal working license due to medical reasons as registered by specific medical control service. These analysis corroborate previous epidemiological available data concerning elevated prevalence of mental and behavioral disturbances (TMC) among the whole list f medical licenses of work activity at local public service. TMC appeared as second-place more frequently mentioned justification for Health Care Treatment License in the period from 2012 to 2014. Clinical qualitative analysis, on the other hand, showed the potential of Clinic of Activity approach in order to both help explaining quantitative data and provide therapeutic support.
283

Bioqu?mica qu?ntica da capreomicina e da estreptomicina em complexo com o ribossomo bacteriano

Vianna, J?ssica de F?tima 16 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T22:31:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaDeFatimaVianna_DISSERT.pdf: 3724208 bytes, checksum: f7d62fbcd54bf6b212f2003b461810c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-11T18:14:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaDeFatimaVianna_DISSERT.pdf: 3724208 bytes, checksum: f7d62fbcd54bf6b212f2003b461810c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T18:14:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaDeFatimaVianna_DISSERT.pdf: 3724208 bytes, checksum: f7d62fbcd54bf6b212f2003b461810c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A tuberculose ? uma doen?a bacteriana provocada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, e de acordo com a Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de, apenas em 2015 foram 10,4 milh?es de novos casos relatados e 1,4 milh?o de mortes. Cresce o n?mero de casos de pacientes infectados com cepas resistentes aos antimicrobianos mais comumente utilizados, fazendo-se necess?rio uso de drogas de segunda-linha. A capreomicina e a estreptomicina encaixam-se nesse grupo, e s?o antibi?ticos que possuem como mecanismo de atua??o a inibi??o da s?ntese proteica. Entretanto, seus mecanismos de liga??o em seus s?tios s?o distintos: a capreomicina ? capaz de se ligar a ambas subunidades ribossomais (30S e 50S), enquanto que a estreptomicina liga-se ? subunidade ribossomal menor (30S), e interage com alguns pontos da prote?na S12. Atrav?s de dados cristalogr?ficos e simula??es computacionais, foi calculada a energia de intera??o da capreomicina e da estreptomicina com cada um dos res?duos constituintes de seus s?tios utilizando a Teoria Funcional da Densidade (DFT) e do M?todo de Fracionamento Molecular com Capas Conjugadas (MFCC). Os resultados revelaram valores energ?ticos de cada nucleot?deo pertencente ao s?tio de liga??o desses dois medicamentos, como tamb?m dos amino?cidos da prote?na S12 com os quais a estreptomicina interage. Assim, para a capreomicina na subunidade 30S, foram avaliados res?duos presentes em um raio de at? 14 ? distantes do f?rmaco, totalizando 44 res?duos; e na subunidade 50S, 30 nucleot?deos foram analisados, e estavam distribu?dos at? o raio de 30 ? de dist?ncia. Com a estreptomicina foram levados em considera??o 60 nucleot?deos distribu?dos at? 12,5 ? de dist?ncia da droga na subunidade 30S, e 25 amino?cidos da prote?na S12 com at? 15 ? de dist?ncia. Identificamos tamb?m as contribui??es das liga??es de hidrog?nio e das intera??es hidrof?bicas nas intera??es f?rmaco-receptor; as regi?es dos f?rmacos que mais contribu?ram para as fixa??es desses em seus s?tios de liga??o; como tamb?m a identifica??o dos res?duos que s?o mais associados ?s muta??es e consequente resist?ncia. / Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and according to the World Health Organization, only in 2015 occurred 10.4 million new cases reported and 1.4 million deaths. The number of cases of patients infected with antimicrobial resistant strains most used is increasing, requiring the use of second-line drugs. Capreomycin and streptomycin are part of the group, and are antibiotics whose mechanism of action is the inhibition of protein synthesis. However, its binding mechanisms in their sites are distinct: capreomycin is able to bind to both ribosomal (30S and 50S) subunits, whereas streptomycin binds to the smaller ribosomal subunit (30S), and interacts with some points of S12 protein. Through crystallographic data and computational simulations, we calculated the interaction energy of capreomycin and streptomycin with each of the residues component of their sites using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Fractionation with Conjugated Caps (MFCC). The results showed energy values of each nucleotide belonging to binding site of these two drugs, as well as the amino acids of the S12 protein with which streptomycin interacts. Thus, for capreomycin in the 30S subunit, residues present in a radius of up to 14 ? distant from the drug, totaling 44 residues; and in the 50S subunit, 30 nucleotides were analyzed, and were distributed up to the 30? radius distance. Regarding streptomycin, 60 nucleotides distributed up to 12.5 ? away from the drug in the 30S subunit, and 25 amino acids of the S12 protein with up to 15 ? were taken into account. We also identify the contributions of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in drug-receptor interactions; the regions of the drugs that most contributed to the anchorages of these in their binding sites; as well as the identification of residues that are most associated with mutations and consequent resistance.
284

Papel da dimensionalidade em redes complexas: conex?es com a mec?nica estat?stica n?o-extensiva

Brito, Samura? Gomes de Aguiar 13 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-05-31T20:37:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SamuraiGomesDeAguiarBrito_TESE.pdf: 8366063 bytes, checksum: 5dab239b1084984dd0fc67c064d31175 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-01T19:41:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SamuraiGomesDeAguiarBrito_TESE.pdf: 8366063 bytes, checksum: 5dab239b1084984dd0fc67c064d31175 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T19:41:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SamuraiGomesDeAguiarBrito_TESE.pdf: 8366063 bytes, checksum: 5dab239b1084984dd0fc67c064d31175 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Estudos em redes complexas s?o bastante atuais e promovem a integra??o de diversas ?reas do conhecimento. J? foi comprovado em pesquisas anteriores que a estat?stica que rege as redes complexas, quando as intera??es s?o de longo alcance, n?o ? a estat?stica padr?o de Boltzmann-Gibbs, mas sim uma estat?stica que leve em conta correla??es de longo alcance. Neste sentido existe uma proposta que tem tido bastante aceita??o que ? a estat?stica n?o-extensiva de Tsallis. No limite termodin?mico, as distribui??es de grau, s?o da forma P(k)?e^(-k/?) , onde e_q ? a q?exponencial definida por e^z ? [1 + (1 - q)z]^(1/(1-q) )que otimiza a entropia n?o aditiva S_q (quando q?1, recupera-se a entropia de Boltzmann-Gibbs). Nesta tese n?s introduzimos um estudo de redes geogr?ficas d?dimensionais (Modelo Natal) as quais crescem com liga??o preferencial envolvendo dist?ncia Euclidiana atrav?s da introdu??o do termo r^(-?_A ) (?_A ? 0) na regra de liga??o preferencial. Dada a conex?o com a q-estat?stica, n?s numericamente verificamos (para d = 1,2,3 e 4) que as distribui??es de grau, que em princ?pio dependem de ?_A e d , na realidade dependem somente do quociente destas vari?veis ou seja ?_A/d, portanto apresentando um comportamento universal em rela??o ? essa vari?vel. Al?m disso, o limite q = 1 ? rapidamente alcan?ado quando ?_A/d ? ?. Verificamos ainda que outras propriedades da rede tamb?m possuem depend?ncias universais com rela??o a ?_A/d, tais como: menor caminho m?dio ?l?, expoente din?mico ? proveniente da evolu??o temporal da conectividade dos s?tios e a entropia S_q da distribui??o de grau.
285

Estudo da amorfiza??o do caulim para aplica??o como material pozol?nico

Ara?jo, Everton Henrique Andrade de 02 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T19:15:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EvertonHenriqueAndradeDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 3778917 bytes, checksum: 0afcf798e13e94301cdf0341c3e0e55d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-05T19:24:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EvertonHenriqueAndradeDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 3778917 bytes, checksum: 0afcf798e13e94301cdf0341c3e0e55d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T19:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvertonHenriqueAndradeDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 3778917 bytes, checksum: 0afcf798e13e94301cdf0341c3e0e55d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Dentre os argilominerais largamente estudados e aplicados na grande ?rea dos materiais cer?micos e outras ?reas, a caulinita se destaca, devido as suas caracter?sticas e desempenho tecnol?gico. O Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, possui um grande potencial na explora??o deste mineral, onde a principal forma de extra??o ? a lavra. O caulim desta regi?o, caracteriza-se como de origem prim?ria interperizada, devido a sua forma??o e caracter?sticas locais, diferenciando-o dos caulins de outras regi?es. Para isso, o caulim obtido foi submetido a um tratamento t?rmico, onde foi constatada uma gradativa amorfiza??o da estrutura cristalina caracter?stica do material. Com a obten??o da forma amorfa em laborat?rio, tamb?m denominada metacaulinita, foi poss?vel a realiza??o de uma investiga??o sobre as caracter?sticas pozol?nicas frente a outro material j? consolidado no mercado. Dessa forma o objetivo deste trabalho ? investigar a amorfiza??o do caulim industrial, oriundo da regi?o pegmat?tica do Serid? do RN, e comparar a sua atividade pozol?nica com um metacaulim comercial amplamente utilizado. Para isto, foram usadas as t?cnicas de Fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX); Difra??o de raios X (DRX); An?lise Termogravim?trica (TG); An?lise T?rmica Diferencial (DTA); Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV); Granulometria a Laser; Massa Espec?fica e ?ndice de Atividade Pozol?nica com a Cal. Ap?s as caracteriza??es pode-se observar que o metacaulim oriundo da regi?o em estudo possui boas caracter?sticas qu?micas e mineral?gicas, com a obten??o de um bom grau de amorfiza??o em baixas temperaturas e distribui??o granulom?trica pr?xima do material comercial analisado. A partir do resultado da atividade pozol?nica, o metacaulim obtido em laborat?rio apresentou um grande potencial na forma??o das fases hidratadas, sendo de grande import?ncia na ?rea de cimenta??o, dentre outros. / Among the clay minerals widely studied and applied in the large area of ceramic materials and other areas, kaolinite stands out due to its characteristics and technological performance. The State of Rio Grande do Norte has great potential in the exploration of this mineral, where the main form of extraction is the mining. The kaolin of this region, is characterized as of primary interperizada origin, due to its formation and local characteristics, differentiating it of the Kaolins of other regions. For this, the obtained kaolin was submitted to a thermal treatment, where a was verified a gradual amorphization was found of the crystalline structure characteristic of the material. By obtaining the amorphous form in the laboratory, also called metacaulinite, it was possible to carry out an investigation on the pozolanic characteristics compared to other materials already consolidated in the market. Thus the objective of this work Is to investigate the amorphization of industrial kaolin, coming from the pegmatitic region of Serid? RN, and to compare its pozzolanic activity with a commercially used metakaolin. For this, we used the techniques of fluorescence X-ray (XRF); X-ray diffraction (XRD); Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG); Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); Laser Granulometry; Specific Mass and Pozzolanic Activity Index with Cal. After characterization, it can be observed that metakaolin from the study region It has good chemical and mineralogical characteristics, with a good degree of amorphization at low temperatures and distribution close to the commercial material analyzed. From the result of pozzolanic activity the metakaolin obtained in the laboratory, presented a great potential in the formation of the hydrated phases, being of great importance in the area of cementation, among others.
286

Cora??o sonoro - afetos, corpos e m?quinas nas festas de m?sica eletr?nica

Neves, Thiago Tavares das 26 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-13T19:26:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoTavaresDasNeves_TESE.pdf: 3326782 bytes, checksum: 44c70cc10ce9a343ec5825a6ce666d74 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-16T19:41:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoTavaresDasNeves_TESE.pdf: 3326782 bytes, checksum: 44c70cc10ce9a343ec5825a6ce666d74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-16T19:41:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoTavaresDasNeves_TESE.pdf: 3326782 bytes, checksum: 44c70cc10ce9a343ec5825a6ce666d74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / O objetivo deste trabalho ? explorar as diversas sensibilidades e formas de afetar e ser afetado, n?o s? compreendendo os afetos no plano dos sujeitos, mas tamb?m os assumindo como fluxos de passagens para formas distintas de express?o e conex?o. Nas festas de m?sica eletr?nica, os afetos s?o produzidos e potencializados tamb?m por meio das m?quinas musicais e sociais que agem diretamente sobre o corpo e alteram o processo de sociabilidade. Os afetos, os corpos e as m?quinas funcionam aqui como operadores conceituais para entender as dimens?es sociais, culturais e filos?ficas das festas de m?sica eletr?nica. Afeto ? entendido aqui sob a ?tica de Spinoza (1677/2010) como afec??o do corpo: uma a??o, uma pot?ncia de agir que pode ser aumentada ou diminu?da. Os afetos nas festas de m?sica eletr?nica podem ser provocados pela a??o da m?sica sobre os indiv?duos, dos participantes entre si ou potencializados por meio das drogas, especialmente o ecstasy. Spinoza (1677/2010) tra?a duas defini??es sobre o corpo: na cin?tica, o corpo est? diretamente ligado ? rela??o de velocidades e lentid?es, movimento e repouso, ? essa rela??o de velocidades e lentid?es que formar? o corpo. J? a outra defini??o ? din?mica, todo corpo se define por certo poder de ser afetado. Os afetos s?o potencializados tamb?m atrav?s das m?quinas que agem diretamente sobre o corpo. As m?quinas s?o entendidas tamb?m como extens?es do corpo humano, sistemas de fluxos e cortes com capacidade de produ??o e cria??o. As m?quinas podem ser artificiais, humanas e sociais. Gilles Deleuze (2010), F?lix Guattari (1988) e Edgar Morin (2008) s?o os principais suportes te?ricos para pensar o conceito de m?quina. A partir dessa premissa, ? poss?vel a conex?o entre m?quinas artificiais e humanas nas festas m?sica eletr?nica, nas quais foram percebidos diferentes tipos de afeta??es: corporais, sonoras, sociais e maqu?nicas. A afeta??o est? diretamente ligada ao conceito de Spinoza (1677/2010) de afetos e afec??es. Remete n?o s? ao estado do corpo quando afeta e ? afetado, mas tamb?m ? a??o, ? transforma??o que o corpo sofre/age quando ? afetado ou afeta. Afeta??o corresponde a todo o processo afetivo. As afeta??es podem ser corporais, quando o corpo ? afetado por outro corpo humano; sonoras, quando o corpo ? afetado por qualquer est?mulo sonoro; sociais quando o corpo humano se conecta com outro corpo humano ou artificial e maqu?nicas, quando o corpo ? afetado por m?quinas. O recorte emp?rico abrange dois festivais de m?sica eletr?nica, o King festival em Recife e o Dream Valley em Florian?polis e festas de m?sica eletr?nica situadas em Natal, especialmente a PAJUX. O m?todo de pesquisa trata-se de uma cartografia complexa, na qual mesclo o m?todo cartogr?fico proposto por Deleuze e Guattari (1995) com apoio na epistemologia da complexidade de Edgar Morin (2007a). / The aim of this study is to explore the various sensitivities and ways of affecting and being affected, not only comprising the affections in the plane of the subjects, but also taking as passages flows for different forms of expression and connection. In electronic music parties, affections are produced also potentiated by the musical and social machines that act directly on the body and alter the process of sociability. Affections, bodies and machines work here as conceptual operators to understand the social, cultural and philosophical dimensions of electronic music parties. Affection is seen here from the perspective of Spinoza (1677/2010) as a condition of the body, an action, a power of action that can be increased or decreased. Affections in electronic music parties can be triggered by the music action on individuals, the participants each other or potentiated through drugs, especially ecstasy, which act directly on the body. Spinoza (1677/2010) traces two definitions about the body: the kinetics, the body is directly connected to the relations of speeds and slowness, motion and rest, is this relation of speeds and slowness that will form the body. Already the other definition is dynamic, whole body is defined by a certain power of being affected. The affects are enhanced also through the machines that act directly on the body. The machines are also seen as extensions of the human body, cut flow systems with capacity of production and creation. The machines can be artificial, human and social. Gilles Deleuze (2010), Felix Guattari (1988) and Edgar Morin (2008) are the main theoretical support to think the concept of machine. From this premise, is possible the connection between artificial and human machines in electronic music parties, which were perceived different kinds of affectations: bodily, sonorous, social and machinic. The affectation is directly linked to the concept of Spinoza (1677/2010) of feelings and affections. Refers not only to the state of the body when it affects and is affected, but also to action, the transformation that the body suffers / acts when it is affected or affects. Affectation corresponds to all the affective process. The affectations can be bodily, when the body is affected by another body; sonorous, when the body is affected by any sound stimulus; social, when the human body connects with another human body or artificial and machinic, when the body is affected by machines. The empirical cut covers two electronic music festivals, the King festival in Recife and the Dream Valley in Florianopolis and electronic music parties located in Natal, especially PAJUX. The research method it is a complex cartography, which was blended the cartographic method proposed by Deleuze and Guattari (1995) with support in the epistemology of complexity of Edgar Morin (2007a).
287

Uma jornada elucidativa: discurso subjacente da gen?tica em os melhores contos de Rubem Braga

Oliveira, Joana Leopoldina de Melo 22 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T11:22:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoanaLeopoldinaDeMeloOliveira_TESE.pdf: 3001558 bytes, checksum: 5da561e586d4d487687bf877c074e9ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-17T14:22:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoanaLeopoldinaDeMeloOliveira_TESE.pdf: 3001558 bytes, checksum: 5da561e586d4d487687bf877c074e9ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T14:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoanaLeopoldinaDeMeloOliveira_TESE.pdf: 3001558 bytes, checksum: 5da561e586d4d487687bf877c074e9ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Rubem Braga se destacou na literatura brasileira apenas escrevendo cr?nicas, com textos carregados de lirismo. Antonio Candido definiu o cronista como ?o mais poeta dos prosadores do modernismo?. Estudando o cronista observou-se que a sua cr?nica se destaca pelo trato especial que d? ?s palavras e, por isso, foi o ?nico escritor da literatura brasileira a ter sua obra, antes da publica??o em livros, reconhecida e consagrada t?o somente pela sua produ??o cron?stica em jornais e revistas. No referido trabalho, pretende-se mostrar um estudo sobre o livro Melhores contos de Rubem Braga, sele??o de Davi Arrigucci Jr. O livro apresenta uma sele??o de 39 cr?nicas de Rubem Braga. Apesar de serem publicadas inicialmente em jornais, o t?tulo do livro j? indica que os textos selecionados foram denominados de contos. Assim, mostraremos as principais caracter?sticas distintivas entre os g?neros conto e cr?nica, fazendo um estudo comparativo e compreensivo sobre as particularidades de cada um. Para isso, utilizaremos como amparo te?rico os textos de BOSI (1997), CORT?ZAR (2013), CANDIDO (1992), entre outros. Faremos tamb?m uma an?lise gen?tica das vers?es encontradas de cada texto e observaremos as transforma??es ocorridas, no caminho percorrido entre o jornal e o livro. Como sempre observam seus cr?ticos, com destaque para a avalia??o de Davi Arrigucci Jr., Rubem Braga modificou constantemente seus textos. Tal aspecto ? o motivador central deste trabalho, dedicado a observar e analisar as altera??es dessas cr?nicas at? chegar ao livro de contos. Para falar sobre esse percurso utilizaremos os textos de GR?SILLON (2007), PINO e ZULAR (2007), WILLEMART (1999) e SALLES (2002), todos te?ricos ligados ? cr?tica gen?tica. Desse modo, atrav?s da presente pesquisa mostraremos como as transforma??es ocorridas nas vers?es dos textos contribu?ram para a classifica??o do g?nero conto no livro estudado. / Rubem Braga stood out in Brazilian literature only writing chronicles, with texts loaded with lyricism. Antonio Candido defined the chronicler as "the most poet of the proseurs of modernism.?? Studying the chronicler, it was observed that his chronic stands out because of the special treatment given by him to the words and, therefore, was the only writer of Brazilian literature to have his work, before publication in books, recognized and consecrated solely for his chronic production in newspapers and magazines. In this paper, we intend to show a study about the book Melhores Contos of Rubem Braga, selection of David Arrigucci Jr. The book presents a selection of 39 chronicles of Rubem Braga. Despite being published initially in newspapers, the title of the book already indicates that the selected texts were denominated of short stories. Thus, we will show the main distinguishing characteristics between tale and chornic genre by making a comparative and comprehensive study on the particularities of each. For this, we will use astheoretical support the texts of BOSI (1997), CORT?ZAR (2013), CANDIDO (1992), among others. We will also make a genetic analysis of the found versions of each text and we will observe the changes that have taken place, in the way between the newspaper and the book. As his critics have always noted, especially David's Arrigucci Jr assessment, Rubem Braga constantly modified his texts. Such aspect is motivator of this work, dedicated to observing and analyzing the changes of these chronicles until their arrival to the book of stories. To talk about this route we will use the texts by GR?SILLON (2007), PINO and ZULAR (2007), genetic WILLEMART (1999) and SALLES(2002), all theorists linked to criticism. Thus, through the present research, we will show how the transformations versions contributed to the classification of the genre in the book studied.
288

Avalia??o da estabilidade f?sico-qu?mica e biol?gica de plasm?deos com potencial biotecnol?gico

Monte, J?ssyka Fernanda Santiago 29 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T13:59:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JessykaFernandaSantiagoMonte_DISSERT.pdf: 1592894 bytes, checksum: 2e8d0cdaf53e251db5deb8479566e9dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-07T15:09:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JessykaFernandaSantiagoMonte_DISSERT.pdf: 1592894 bytes, checksum: 2e8d0cdaf53e251db5deb8479566e9dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T15:09:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessykaFernandaSantiagoMonte_DISSERT.pdf: 1592894 bytes, checksum: 2e8d0cdaf53e251db5deb8479566e9dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Estudos envolvendo estabilidade de plasm?deos tiveram in?cio h? pelo menos duas d?cadas e vem crescendo nos ?ltimos anos, desde que os pDNAs apresentaram um enorme potencial como vetores em terapia g?nica. O uso terap?utico desses vetores tem sido dificultado por quest?es de estabilidade, principalmente no que se refere ao processo de produ??o e purifica??o, armazenamento por longos per?odos e serem suscept?veis ? degrada??o por nucleases. Assim, ensaios que permitam analisar estes processos que levam a instabilidade do pDNA podem ser ferramentas importantes para sua compreens?o, associado a outras vari?veis, tais como temperaturas, tempo de armazenamento, tamanho do pDNA, presen?a de sequ?ncias procari?ticas e a??o nucle?sica, assim E. coli DH5-? competente foi produzida, transformada com os pDNAs estudados (pVAX1, pVAX1lacZ e MSPpVAX1), purificados e armazenados em diferentes temperaturas por um intervalo de tempo pr?-determinado e para estabelecer uma rela??o entre a estabilidade dos diferentes pDNAs e sua fun??o biol?gica enquanto vetores, estudou-se a resist?ncia da isoforma super-enrolada ? a??o da nucleases de soro em diferentes concentra??es e ao longo do tempo. Para tal, eletroforese em gel de agarose e transforma??o em E. coli com c?lculo da efici?ncia de transforma??o celular foram realizados. Foi observado ao longo do tempo que a integridade do pDNA super-enrolado foi perdida em fun??o do tempo e da temperatura de armazenamento, al?m disso, os pDNAs contendo sequ?ncias apenas procari?ticas se mostraram mais resistente a esses fatores quando comparado ao que possu?a sequ?ncia procari?tica, mostrando que h? influ?ncia desses fatores na estabilidade do pDNA. Em rela??o ? a??o nucle?sica, o maior plasm?deo foi mais acometido pela atividade dessas enzimas. Quanto a fun??o biol?gica, os ensaios de efici?ncia de transforma??o em E. coli indicaram que houve uma maior percentagem de c?lulas transformadas quando era utilizado plasm?deo na conforma??o super-enrolada. Verificou-se em todos os ensaios, que a isoforma super-enrolada era sempre mais eficiente que as demais isoformas, devendo-se esse fato possivelmente ? sua maior estabilidade citoplasm?tica e a difus?o mais r?pida desta isoforma em dire??o ao n?cleo. Assim esse trabalho mostrou a cin?tica de degrada??o, passo a passo, dos pDNAs estudados, mostrando que a perda da forma super-enrolada compromete a estabilidade dos pDNAs, afetando dessa forma a fun??o biol?gica dos mesmos, comprometendo sua utiliza??o em terapia g?nica e vacinas de DNA. / Studies involving plasmid stability have started for at least two decades and have been growing in recent years, since pDNAs have had enormous potential as vectors in gene therapy, however the therapeutic use of these vectors has been hampered by stability issues, especially in Refers to the process of production and purification, storage for long periods and being susceptible to degradation by nucleases. Thus, assays that allow the analysis of this degradation process can be important tools for its understanding, associated to other variables, such as temperature, storage time, pDNA size and nucleoside action. The competent E. coli DH5-? was produced, transformed with the pDNAs studied (pVAX1, pVAX1lacZ and MSPpVAX1), purified and stored at different temperatures for a predetermined time and to establish a relationship between the stability of the different pDNAs and their Biological function as vectors, the resistance of the supercoiled isoform to the action of serum nucleases at different concentrations and over time was studied. For this purpose, agarose gel electrophoresis and transformation in E. coli with calculation of cell transformation efficiency were performed. It was observed over time that the integrity of the supercoiled pDNA was lost as a function of time and storage temperature, in addition, pDNAs containing only prokaryotic sequences proved to be more resistant to these factors when compared to that having procaryotic sequence pDNA, showing that these factors influence the stability of pDNA. In relation to the nuclease action, the bigger plasmid was more affected by the activity of these enzymes. Regarding biological function, transformation efficiency assays in E. coli indicated that there was a higher percentage of transformed cells when plasmid was used in the supercoiled conformation. It was verified in all the tests that the supercoiled isoform was always more efficient than the other isoforms, possibly due to its greater cytoplasmic stability and the faster diffusion of this isoform towards the nucleus. Thus, this work showed the degradation kinetics, step by step, of the studied pDNAs, showing that the loss of supercoiled form compromises the stability of the pDNAs, thus affecting the biological function of the same, compromising their use in gene therapy and vaccines DNA.
289

O professor polivalente dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Natal/RN: trabalho, viv?ncia e media??es / The elementary school teacher of Natal/RN: work, experience and mediations

Andrade, Let?cia Raboud Mascarenhas de 28 June 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-02T21:52:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeticiaRaboudMascarenhasDeAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 2818791 bytes, checksum: 66a1cd36493e26a2117ba4945a8539df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-05T21:37:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeticiaRaboudMascarenhasDeAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 2818791 bytes, checksum: 66a1cd36493e26a2117ba4945a8539df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T21:37:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeticiaRaboudMascarenhasDeAndrade_DISSERT.pdf: 2818791 bytes, checksum: 66a1cd36493e26a2117ba4945a8539df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A democratiza??o da educa??o apresenta interesses contradit?rios, envolvendo mecanismos de reprodu??o das desigualdades e for?as voltadas ? transforma??o social. Neste cen?rio, a precariza??o do trabalho docente pode produzir adoecimento e situa??es de aliena??o que repercutem nas viv?ncias do trabalho. A presente pesquisa enfoca o trabalho do professor ?polivalente? dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Natal (RN-Brasil) e compreende a perspectiva da cl?nica da atividade. Este trabalho visa ? explora??o e an?lise de elementos e percep??es constitutivas do trabalho docente e seu contexto de inser??o, bem como a articula??o com as viv?ncias, sua express?o e constitui??o. A pesquisa compreendeu uma etapa descritiva e inferencial quantitativa, envolvendo o uso de question?rio s?cio profissional e instrumento de avalia??o das dimens?es psicossociais do trabalho; e outra etapa cl?nicoqualitativa, baseada na t?cnica de Instru??o ao S?sia, que permite o di?logo do trabalhador com sua pr?tica laboral. Foi identificado um elevado percentual de professores que se sentem solit?rios no trabalho (30,2% da amostra) e associa??o desta vari?vel ? situa??o de risco psicossocial. Da etapa cl?nico-qualitativa participaram duas professoras de 1? ano da rede municipal. Observaram-se diferentes modos de rela??o com a atividade: uma viv?ncia estabelecida na l?gica da produ??o e controle da turma, revelando impedimentos da a??o e sentimentos de solid?o; e outra centrada na mobiliza??o intelectual do aluno, expressando dinamismo e satisfa??o laboral, al?m de acesso a recursos de enriquecimento da a??o. Aponta-se para a necessidade de criar e fortalecer coletivos de trabalho nas escolas visando ao desenvolvimento e constru??o de referenciais para a a??o, al?m da mobiliza??o pol?tica por melhores condi??es de trabalho. / The democratization of education possesses contradictory interests that involve both, mechanisms that reproduce inequalities and forces geared towards social transformation. In this context, the precariousness of the teaching work can produce situations of alienation which influence the work experiences. The present research focuses on the work of "polyvalent" elementary school teachers of Natal (RN-Brasil) municipal schools. It comprehends the clinic of activity perspective, an approach that explores the activity subjective dimension, enabling the expansion of consciousness and power over activity, revealing mediations and experiences. The objective of this study is to explore and analyse the teaching work constitutive elements and perceptions, its insertion context, as well as the articulation with the expression and constitution of experiences. The research covered: a descriptive and inferential quantitative stage, using a socio-professional questionnaire and a psychosocial work dimensions evaluating instrument; and a clinical qualitative stage, which made use of the Instruction to the Double (clinic of activity), promoting the dialogue with professional practice. Within this research, it has been identified a high percentile of teachers who experience loneliness at work (30.2% of the sample), as well as the connection between this perception and feelings of dissatisfaction regarding available time, pedagogical planning meetings and little familiarity with School's Political Pedagogical Project. Two 1st grade municipal school teachers participated of the research clinical qualitative stage. Different features in regard to the relation with the teaching work activity were observed: an experience established in the logic of production and class control, revealing obstacles to action and feelings of solitude; and another focused on student intellectual mobilization, expressing dynamism and job satisfaction, as well as access to resources of activity enrichment. The study concludes that it is necessary to create and reinforce working collective dimension at schools aiming at the development and construction of activity references, besides political mobilization in view of better working conditions.
290

Estudo da express?o dos genes do metabolismo do ?cido f?lico e associa??o com o desenvolvimento de fendas orais

Soares, Cl?lio Diogo 30 August 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-04T21:05:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ClelioDiogoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 3089611 bytes, checksum: d4a3b5a01c7dc8a828197d92e650d07e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-11T22:38:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ClelioDiogoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 3089611 bytes, checksum: d4a3b5a01c7dc8a828197d92e650d07e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-11T22:38:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClelioDiogoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 3089611 bytes, checksum: d4a3b5a01c7dc8a828197d92e650d07e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Introdu??o: H? evidencias consider?veis sugerindo que genes relacionados ao metabolismo do folato possuem um papel importante na etiologia das fendas orofaciais. A express?o de genes que possam estar ligados ?s fendas orais requer a presen?a de apropriadas causas ambientais em combina??o com fatores gen?ticos que culminam com a falha na fus?o dos processos faciais. Objetivo: Realizar estudo de associa??o da express?o dos genes da via do metabolismo do acido f?lico - MTHFR, MTR, RFC1, MTRR, com a ocorr?ncia das fendas orais. Metodologia: Foram estudados 50 filhos casos e suas respectivas m?es, e 50 indiv?duos controles e suas respectivas m?es. Inicialmente foram realizadas as an?lises bioqu?micas (Glicose, ALT, AST, Creatinina, Folato, Vitamina B12, Homociste?na), hematol?gicas (hemoglobina, hemat?crito, contagem de hem?cias, os ?ndices hematol?gicos, VCM, HCM e CHCM) e estudo de suas caracter?sticas cl?nicas. Para a realiza??o do estudo de express?o g?nica foi extra?do o RNA total a partir das c?lulas do sangue perif?rico, o qual foi quantificado e analisado quanto a sua pureza e integridade e encaminhado para a obten??o do cDNA a ser utilizado para o estudo de express?o utilizando ensaios pr?-desenhados. Finalmente foi avaliada a influ?ncia de determinados gen?tipos (MTRR A66G; MTHFR C677T; MTHFR A1298C; MTR A2756G; RFC1 A80G) sobre a express?o de RNAm dos respectivos genes estudados. A an?lise estat?stica dos dados foi realizada considerando o n?vel de signific?ncia de 95% (P<0,050) Resultados: Foi evidenciada a presen?a do consumo de ?lcool como fator de risco significativo presente para as m?es caso (P=0,001). Em rela??o as dosagens bioqu?micas n?o foram observadas diferen?as significativas entre os casos e respectivos controles os quais apresentaram valores de AST, ALT e creatinina dentro dos valores de refer?ncia. A dosagem de ?cido f?lico apresentou-se reduzida significativamente para o grupo dos filhos caso (P=0,010) e para suas m?es (P=0,001). Na an?lise hemat?logica n?o foram observadas altera??es em nenhum dos par?metros avaliados como hemoglobina, hemat?crito, contagem de hem?cias, os ?ndices hematol?gicos, VCM, HCM e CHCM dentre os grupos avaliados. A avalia??o da express?o g?nica para o grupo das m?es caso mostrou uma redu??o significativa na express?o do RNAm em todos os genes avaliados: para o gene da metionina sintase (MTR, p=0,008), da metionina sintase redutase (MTRR, p=0,015), do RFC1 (P=0,004) e da MTHFR (P=0,017) comparados com o grupo de m?es controle. No grupo de filhos fissurados, houve uma redu??o significativa na express?o do RNAm para os genes da metionina sintase (MTR, p=0,010) e da metionina sintase redutase (MTRR, p=0,034). Para a an?lise da influencia dos gen?tipos na express?o observou-se que o gen?tipo recessivo (CC) para o polimorfismo A1298C do gene MTHFR poderia estar associada a uma redu??o da express?o de seu RNAm. Conclus?o: Genes do metabolismo de folato relacionados s?o reduzidamente expressos em ambos os grupos caso deste estudo, uma vez que todos os quatro genes (RFC1, MTHFR, MTR, MTR), estavam reduzidos nas m?es e dois genes (MTR, MTRR) em seus filhos. A redu??o da express?o desses genes representa um aumento do risco associado com a presen?a de fendas orais nestes indiv?duos. / Introduction: There is considerable evidence suggesting that folate-related genes play a role in the etiology of oral facial clefts. Clefts are known to have a strong genetic component. The expression profile of genes involved on the pathway and folic acid metabolism which is linked to oral clefts requires appropriate environmental causes in combination with genetic factors that culminate in the failure of fusion of facial processes. Objective: The objective is to perform the association of differential gene expression of folate metabolism genes (MTHFR, MTR, RFC1, MTRR) with the occurrence of oral clefts. Methods: We studied 50 subjects with oral clefts and their mothers, and 50 individuals absent of oral clefts and their mothers, totaling 100 individuals referred cases and 100 controls respectively. For gene expression study, total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells, then it was quantified and analyzed for purity by absorbance relation and integrity in MOPS gel. The mRNA samples with good purity and integrity were transcribed to cDNA using reverse transcription kit. The cDNA was used in pre-designed gene expression assays. In a previous study performed by our group were evaluated by PCR-RFLP the MTRR A66G, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298G, MTR A2756G, RFC1 A80G polymorphisms, in this study we evaluated the influence of these polymorphisms on gene expression. It was also performed biochemical, hematological analyzes and a clinical characteristics study of these individuals. We performed statistical analysis considering the significance level of 95% (P <0.050) Results: The consumption of Alcohol was reported as a significant risk factor for the present case mothers (p = 0.001). Regarding the biochemical there were no significant differences between children cases group and their controls which had values of AST, ALT and creatinine within the reference values. The folic acid dosage presented significantly reduced in case mothers group (P = 0.011). In haematological analysis was not observed significant changes in any of the evaluated parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte count, and hematological indices, MCV, MCH and MCHC among the groups. The assessment of gene expression for case mother group showed a significant reduction in mRNA expression in all evaluated genes; for the methionine synthase gene (MTR, p = 0.008), the methionine synthase reductase (MTRR, p = 0.015), the reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1, P= 0.004) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR, P= 0.017) compared with the control group mothers. In the case children group, similar results were obtained, with a significant reduction in mRNA expression of methionine synthase gene (MTR, p = 0.010) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR, p = 0.034) analysis of genotypes in relation to expression was found that the recessive genotype (CC) for the MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphism is associated with reduced expression of its mRNA. Conclusion: Folate metabolism related genes are low expressed on both case groups of this study, since all four genes (RFC1,MTHFR, MTR, MTR,) were reduced on mothers and two genes (MTR, MTRR) in their children. These down regulated genes represent an increased risk associated with the presence of oral clefts in these individuals.

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