Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia das Neves.pdf: 1241946 bytes, checksum: a61d9c1c9d139305acee3e4d4637f8b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this dissertation is to study the views of the Brazilian physician Raimundo Nina Rodrigues concerning the human races and the role of the crossing between different races in the constitution of the Brazilian people. It will try to check to what extent they were well grounded on the scientific knowledge of his time. This dissertation contains an introduction and four chapters. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the historical, social and scientific context of Nina Rodrigues time and his main contributions. Chapter 2 discusses Nina Rodrigues ideas concerning the human races, comparing them to the views which were generally adopted by other authors of his time. Chapter 3 analyses Nina Rodrigues views about the role of the crossing of different breeds in the constitution of the Brazilian people. Chapter 4 attempts to answer to the questions presented in the Introduction and makes some final remarks on the subject. Nina Rodrigues classification of human races (white, black and red) was different from the one which was adopted by most medical works of his time. He considered that some breeds were inferior to others, and that the same occurred in the case of crossbreds. Concerning the crossing between different races, he considered it as being harmful, except in the cases when it could bring back the characters of the purest race (white). In the different works he published during his life, he did not soften his views concerning the role of crossings between different races. This research led to the conclusion that Nina Rodrigues, in general, was not concerned in providing a foundation for his ideas related to the superiority/inferiority of races, or about crossbreds. His way of dealing with the issue of the composition of the Brazilian people, arguing for its whitening a view that was also advocated by the Brazilian elite was loaded with preconceptions and it was almost completely devoid of any foundation as regards the scientific knowledge of that time / O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar as idéias do médico brasileiro Raimundo Nina Rodrigues sobre raça e o papel da mestiçagem na formação do povo brasileiro, procurando verificar até que ponto elas estavam bem fundamentadas nos conhecimentos científicos da época. Esta dissertação contém uma introdução e quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo descreve o contexto histórico, social e científico da época e as contribuições deste autor. O segundo capítulo apresenta a concepção de Nina Rodrigues em relação à raça, comparando-a às concepções adotadas por outros autores na época. O terceiro capítulo discute o posicionamento adotado por Nina Rodrigues em relação ao papel da mestiçagem na formação do povo brasileiro. O quarto capítulo procura responder às perguntas colocadas inicialmente, apresentando algumas considerações finais sobre esta pesquisa. Nina Rodrigues adotava uma classificação diferente das raças (branca, negra e vermelha) em relação à que era adotada nos trabalhos médicos da época (branca, parda e preta). Ele considerava que algumas raças eram inferiores às outras, e que o mesmo ocorria com os mestiços entre elas. No que se refere à mestiçagem, ele a via como algo prejudicial, exceto se propiciasse o retorno das características da raça pura (branca). Nas diferentes obras que publicou no decorrer do tempo, ele não amenizou sua posição em relação ao papel da mestiçagem. Esta pesquisa levou à conclusão de que, de um modo geral, não houve uma preocupação por parte de Nina Rodrigues em fundamentar suas idéias, seja a respeito da superioridade/inferioridade das raças ou da mestiçagem. Sua forma de tratar a questão da formação do povo brasileiro, que previa o branqueamento e que era também advogada pela elite brasileira, estava carregada de pré-concepções e, na maioria das vezes, era desprovida de fundamentação com relação aos conhecimentos das ciências naturais da época

[pt] A energia eólica é hoje uma das mais promissoras fontes de energia do mundo por ser limpa e abundante. O estudo de fenômenos que estão relacionados com alterações na circulação atmosférica, como o El Niño, são de extrema importância pela possibilidade de afetarem a geração eólica. A fim de explorar o possível efeito de tais fenômenos nos ventos da região Nordeste do Brasil, a qual possui a maior capacidade eólica instalada, é realizada uma análise estatística para a quantificação desse efeito através dos modelos Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS). Estes permitem a modelagem de séries temporais para diferentes distribuições de probabilidade. Nesse estudo, o GAS é aplicado às séries de velocidade do vento a partir das distribuições Weibull, Gama e Beta. Os resultados mostram que a distribuição Beta produz o melhor ajuste quando se considera o efeito do El Niño através da Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM), na velocidade do vento de uma usina eólica no Nordeste do Brasil. Em particular estes mostram que, o maior impacto do El Niño ocorre nos meses de abril e maio, onde para um aumento de 1 grau Celcius da TSM é observada uma variação de aproximadamente 1.3 por cento na velocidade do vento. / [en] Wind energy is now one of the most promising energy sources of the world being both clean and abundant. The study of phenomena that are related to changes in atmospheric circulation, such as El NiÑo, are extremely important for its ability to affect wind generation. In order to explore the possible effect of such phenomena in the winds of the Northeast region of Brazil which has the largest installed wind capacity, a statistical analysis is performed to quantify this effect through the Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS) models. These allows the modeling of time series for different probability distributions. In this study, GAS models are applied to the wind speed series using Weibull, Gamma and Beta distributions. The results shows that the Beta distribution produces the best fit when considering the effect of El Niño through Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the wind speed of an wind farm in the Northeast of Brazil. In particular these show that the greatest impact of the El Niño occurs in the months of April and May, where for an increase of 1 degrees Celcius of SST is observed a variation of approximately 1.3 per cent in wind speed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:50:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1518212 bytes, checksum: 37651f0e365918ff9d0f80d2eaf8ac5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-07-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The daily precipitation data referring to 134 localities in the State of Minas Gerais, supplied by the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), were analyzed in order to characterize the rainy period (RP), as well as the event and duration of the dry spells occurring over the climatic events El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN). At first, the beginning of the rainy periods (BRP) and the precipitation amount of the rainy period were analyzed, respectively based on the averages and normalized standard deviations of three annual series: El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. The influence of these phenomena on each 15-day period over the months from November to February were analyzed, by using the average and the standardized precipitation rate, as well as the behavior of each RP based on precipitation anomalies. For both analyses, seven stations were chosen according to the climatically homogeneous areas in Minas Gerais. Then, the frequency of dry spells was determined to intervals with four durations in these three series, and the dry spell was defined as a period with at least three dry consecutive days (precipitation ≤ 1 mm) during the rainy period. The method of Regression Analysis was used to relate the duration of the rainy period (RPD) and, or, BRP with the dry spells lasting from three to six days (A) and from seven to ten days (B), as well as the BRP and the total precipitation amount during RP with the dry spells classified as classes A and B, respectively. The results obtained for the influence of the EN and LN phenomena were georeferrenced by the interpolation method that materialized them into thematic maps generated by the Geographic Information System (GIS). The thematic maps were obtained, by involving of Minas Gerais State Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with the classification concerning to the total precipitation and RPD with the average frequencies of the dry spells. A characteristic of La Niña is to cause rains below the average on an extensive part of the State, as well as on half-Northeastern over events El Niño, and rains above the average on half- Southwestern Minas Gerais. The dry spells caused by LN on the North-Northeastern part of the State are due to the periods lasting more than 15 days, whereas on the South-Southwestern are due to the dry spells lasting from three to six days. Similarly, the dry spells on North-Northeastern of Minas Gerais during El Niño events, and the rains above the average on the half-Southwestern of the State cause an influence of the dry spells lasting three to six days. / Dados diários de precipitação de 134 localidades do estado de Minas Gerais, fornecidos pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), foram analisados com o intuito de caracterizar o período chuvoso (PC) e o comportamento na ocorrência e duração dos veranicos em anos de eventos climáticos El Niño (EN) e La Niña (LN). Inicialmente, foram classificados o início dos períodos chuvosos (IPC) e a quantidade pluviométrica do PC, baseados, respectivamente, nas médias e desviospadrão normalizados de três séries, sendo elas: anos de El Niño, anos de La Niña e anos neutros. Conjuntamente, foram analisadas a influência destes fenômenos nas quinzenas dos meses de novembro a fevereiro, com a utilização da média e do índice padronizado de precipitação e o comportamento de cada PC baseando-se nas anomalias de precipitação. Ambas análises, para sete estações distribuídas por regiões climaticamente homogêneas de Minas Gerais. Em seguida, determinou-se a freqüência de ocorrência de veranicos para quatro intervalos de duração nas três séries, sendo definido, como veranico, o período de pelo menos três dias secos (precipitação ≤ 1 mm) consecutivos durante o período chuvoso. Foi utilizado o método de análise de regressão, para relacionar a duração do período chuvoso (DPC) e, ou, IPC com os veranicos com duração de três a seis dias (A) e de sete a dez dias (B), e o IPC, total pluviométrico durante o PC com os veranicos de classes A e B. Os resultados referentes à influência dos fenômenos EN e LN foram geoespacializados, utilizando-se método de interpolação que os materializou em forma de mapas gerados por intermédio de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Foram efetuadas sobreposições de temas, envolvendo o relevo do Estado com a classificação referente ao total pluviométrico e da DPC com as freqüências médias de veranicos. A La Niña possui uma característica marcante de ocasionar chuvas abaixo da média em grande parte do Estado, da mesma forma para a metade nordeste em episódios do El Niño e chuvas acima da média na metade sudoeste de Minas Gerais. As estiagens ocasionadas pela LN, no Norte- Nordeste do Estado, são devidas a períodos superiores a 15 dias de duração e no sul-sudoeste aos veranicos com duração de três a seis dias. Da mesma forma, ocorre para as estiagens no Norte-Nordeste de Minas Gerais, durante eventos El Niño e as chuvas acima da média na metade sudoeste ocasionam uma influência, somente, por parte dos veranicos com duração de três a seis dias.

This dissertation examines the work of German composer and vocal pedagogue Nina d'Aubigny von Engelbrunner through her collection of songs entitled "Deutsche, Italienische und Französische Gesänge mit Begleitung des Pianoforte," published in 1797. A brief overview of the life and works of Ms. d'Aubigny is provided, followed by a discussion about the "woman question" as it relates to Ms. d'Aubigny's works. The second part of this project includes a new, modern performance edition of the collection of songs, complete with general editorial guidelines, notes and translations, and a critical report detailing all deviations from the original 1797 edition.

Den här uppsatsen utgår ifrån reportage ur reportageböckerna En piga bland pigor av Ester Blenda Nordström och Ok, amen: Om kärlek och fientlighet i chassidernas New York av Nina Solomin. Syftet är att, i jämförande form, ta reda på hur de gått till väga för att skildra en ny miljö i de utvalda reportagen ur respektive bok. Massmedieretorisk, lingvistisk och narratologisk analys blandas för att sätta ihop ett frågeschema med frågor som behandlar olika dimensioner av texterna. Det som undersöks är framför allt berättarteknik, berättarperspektiv, reporterroll och dolda värderingar, men också, utifrån narratologisk teori, hur olika typer av berättare påverkar texterna. Slutsatserna är att både Nordström och Solomin använder ett rikt bildspråk som förstärker stämningar och känslor och att de båda har tydliga aktörsroller i texterna. De dolda värderingar som visar sig i texterna hos båda reportrarna riktar framför allt kritik mot könsrollerna i de nya miljöerna. Det som skiljer dem åt är att Nordström i större utsträckning använder sig av värderande ord, överdrifter och adjektiv medan Solomin är mer för kontraster, och att Nordströms berättare är mer synlig och värderande än Solomins, vars texter oftare låter läsaren tolka det som händer själv.

This thesis examines the relationship between dramatic structure and women's responses to oppression. By looking at Blasted by Sarah Kane, Father Comes Home from the Wars Parts 1, 2, & 3 by Suzan-Lori Parks, and Feminaal by Nina Morrison, I examine the ways that questions of structure become questions of gender. I argue that these plays’ forms are purposeful embodiments of resistance and aggression and that the energetic connection between these plays is a current of anger.

Nonlinear dynamical systems theory has inspired a new set of useful tools to be applied in climate studies. In this work we presented specific examples where information has been gained by the application of methods from nonlinear dynamical systems theory. The main goal is to understand the relative importance of stochastic forcing versus deterministic coupling within the context of Coupled General Circulation Models. This work address this important subject by approaching this goal through the development of a hierarchy of models with increasing complexity that we assert contain the essential dynamics of ENSO. We examined the effect of noise in a low order model and found that it is not restricted to blurring the attractor trajectories in phase space, but includes important changes in the dynamics of the system. The main results indicate that the presence of noise in a nonlinear system has two different effects. The presence of noise acts to increase the maximum Lyapunov exponent and can result in noise induced chaos if the system was originally stable. However, the same arguments are not valid if the original system is already in the chaotic regime, where the noise inclusion acts to decrease the maximum Lyapunov exponent, therefore increasing the system stability. The system of interest includes coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions and here we mimic this interaction by coupling two low order models with very different dominant time scales. These subsystems interact in a complex, nonlinear way and the behavior of the whole system cannot be explained by a linear summation of dynamics of the system parts. We used information theory concepts to detect the influence of the slow system dynamics in synchronizing the fast system in coupled models. We introduced a fast-slow coupled system, where both the slowness of the ocean model and the intensity of the boundary forcing anomalies contribute to the asymmetry and phase locking of both subsystems. The mechanisms controlling the fast modelspread were uncovered revealing uncertainty dynamics depending on the location of ensemble members in the model’s phase space. As an intermediate step between low order models and CGCMs we study the effect of noise on an intermediate complexity model. The addition of gaussian noise to the Zebiak-Cane model in order to understand the effects of noise on its attractor led to a way of estimating the noise level based on the effects of noise on the correlation dimension curves. We investigate the intrinsic predictability of the coupled models used here, and the different time scales associated with fast and slow modes were detected using the Finite Size Lyapunov Exponents. We found new estimates for the prediction horizon of ENSO for the Zebiak-Cane model as well as for the NCAR CCSM3 model and observations. The whole analysis of observations and CCSM3 was possible after applying noise reduction techniques. We also improved our understanding of three different noise reduction techniques by comparing the Local Projective Noise Reduction, the Interactive Ensemble strategy, and a Random Interactive Ensemble applied to CCSM3. The main difference between these two noise reduction techniques is when the process is applied. The Local Projective Noise Reduction can be applied to both model and observations, and it is done a posteriori in phase space, therefore the trajectories to be adjusted already posses the physical mechanisms embedded in them. The Interactive Ensemble approach can only be applied to model simulations and has shown to be a very useful technique for noise reduction since its done a priori while the system evolves instead of a posteriori, besides the fact that it allows to retrieve the spatial distribution of the noise level in physical space.

Garçon manqué (2000), premier récit autobiographique de Nina Bouraoui, raconte l'enfance d'une narratrice partagée entre quatre identités conflictuelles -française et algérienne, féminine et masculine -qu'elle cherche à concilier. Bouraoui y expose un cheminement identitaire complexe: alors que le texte s'ouvre sur le désir, très fort, de la jeune Nina de quitter ce qu'elle nomme « le camp » des femmes, il se ferme sur sa réconciliation totale et heureuse avec une féminité apparemment stéréotypée, mais en réalité renouvelée. Cette confusion identitaire est attribuée à la force de pressions sociales et familiales contradictoires à laquelle la narratrice sent devoir se soumettre. Garçon manqué montre comment, de sa prise de conscience du caractère construit de ces diktats, la narratrice en vient à une prise de parole littéraire salvatrice. Notre mémoire s'intéresse à l'évolution de la perception de son genre par la narratrice. D'abord éprouvé comme une structure aliénante et figée, il est finalement considéré comme malléable et potentiellement libérateur. Nous croyons que ce cheminement identitaire se déploie selon trois mouvements principaux, soit la construction, la déconstruction et enfin la reconstruction identitaires. Alors qu'on lit généralement Bouraoui sous l'angle post-colonialiste, l'originalité de notre projet se trouve dans le parti pris que nous adoptons, soit celui de considérer Garçon manqué comme un texte fondateur de son oeuvre en raison avant tout du questionnement sur l'identité sexuelle et sur le désir qu'il renferme. Notre approche intègre les théories féministes matérialistes, les gender studies, les queer studies, et les théories de l'agentivité (« agency »). En premier lieu, nous convoquons principalement des féministes travaillant à étudier les mécanismes d'oppression des femmes selon un point de vue constructiviste et matérialiste. Puis, nous faisons appel à une discipline émergente, les queer studies, qui permettent de lire le rapport de la narratrice à son genre et à ses désirs à l'intérieur d'un espace de réflexion qui fait éclater les frontières de la pensée binaire. Ensuite, nous nous inspirons des théories de l'agentivité (« agency ») et du pouvoir des mots afin de montrer comment le texte littéraire permet à Nina Bouraoui de reprendre possession de sa propre histoire. Enfin, la « théorie du placard » développée par Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick guide notre lecture de l'affirmation du lesbianisme par l'auteure de Garçon manqué, pensée comme un acte de langage risqué, mais stimulant et nécessaire. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Agentivité (Agency), Féminisme, Garçon manqué, Genre, Gender Studies, Nina Bouraoui, Queer Studies, Théorie du placard.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 76 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes video files in the mpg format. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79).

This master’s report presents a literary criticism of the novel ¡Caramba! by Nina Marie Martínez that attends to both genre and mass culture theory. The novel, when recognized as a multigenre text consisting of both chick lit and Chicano literature conventions, reveals how informal economies employ methods of cultural appropriation in order to articulate an oppositional voice. In particular, Martinez’s literary intervention of the trademark symbol subverts dominant forms of consumption (and genre) to expose how her protagonists emerge as subjective, discerning consumers in her fictional Californian town. / text