The thesis presents a syntactic and semantic analysis of selected problems in the analysis of transitivity in English, Japanese and Korean in terms of a system of 'thematic relations' adapted from the work of Gruber and Jackendoff. The system is introduced in Chapter One. One way in which it differs from those of Gruber and Jackendoff is that their ambiguous notion of Theme is replaced by two separate notions - Theme and semantic subject. Verbs are classified into 'univalent verbs', which have a single set of thematic relations, and 'ambivalent verbs', which have more than one set of thematic relations. It is claimed that syntactic alternations such as that between 'spray x on y' and 'spray y with x' are a reflection of the ambivalence of the verbs in question. Chapter Two reviews discourse approaches and semantic approaches to Dative-shift. On the basis of a comparison of English and Korean it argues that Dative-shift in these two languages is clearly a semantic process rather than pragmatically motivated. Moreover, like the 'spray' type alternation, Dative-shift is shown to be a reflection of the ambivalence of verbs expressing a change in possession. Chapter Three is devoted to double-nominative constructions in Japanese and Korean, which in the past have been considered to be syntactically and semantically equivalent. A careful study of data from the two languages shows that the double-nominative constructions in Korean are not homogeneous but are divided into two classes with distinct thematic relations, one of which is lacking in Japanese. Chapters Four and Five discuss the passive in Japanese and Korean, respectively, and propose a new classification of passives in the two languages. Three types are recognized: the passive of interest, the anti-causative passive and the attributive passive. Finally, Chapter Six presents some typological observations concerning the passive and Dative-shift. In particular, the English passive and the passives of Korean and Japanese are compared with regard to their relation to Dative-shift, and it is argued that Dative-shift and the passive are, in principle, independent grammatical processes.

The goal of this work is to provide an account of dative clitic dependencies in constructions with raising verbs such as to seem in Romanian. Dative clitic experiencers as quirky subjects and dative clitics in clitic left dislocation (CLLD) constructions are discussed from a syntactic point of view and experimentally tested in a psycholinguistics study. The study contributes to current innovations in the Minimalist Program, presenting new perspectives on Romanian clitic dependencies in raising constructions partially addressed in earlier generative grammar. This study poses new questions regarding raising, the intervention effects of dative clitic experiencers, and the effects of clitic dependencies in ditransitive constructions. Chapter II presents an overview of Romanian raising constructions without dative experiencers. I show that Romanian possesses three raising constructions, based on the type of the embedded clause: subjunctive, infinitive, and indicative. Each of these has three potential locations for the nominative subject, argued to be generated in the embedded clause. Formal mechanisms such as Long Distance and Multiple Agree, Movement, Case and EPP are considered independent of one another. Dative clitic experiencers in raising constructions, analyzed in Chapter III, are claimed to be quirky subjects and to structurally occupy the highest position in the sentence. Having established the role of dative clitic experiencers, I discuss raising constructions involving dative experiencers generated and/or surfacing in various positions, and their effects on operations such as Agree and Move. I then discuss Experiencer Islands, formed by matrix and embedded experiencers in the same utterance, and present the contexts in which they occur. A Grammaticality Judgment Test confirms the existence of such restriction in Romanian. Furthermore, I present an analysis of Experiencer Islands and discuss observed exceptions to the restriction. Dative clitic dependencies such as CLLD constructions and Long Distance CLLD Constructions are also analyzed in this thesis. The experimental study presented in Chapter IV supports theoretical claims and demonstrates that Romanian speakers are aware of dative clitic dependencies, such as clitic experiencer dependencies and clitic dependencies in CLLD constructions, possess the grammatical knowledge of biclausal constructions involving dative clitic dependencies and have the ability to recognize such dependencies.

The goal of this work is to provide an account of dative clitic dependencies in constructions with raising verbs such as to seem in Romanian. Dative clitic experiencers as quirky subjects and dative clitics in clitic left dislocation (CLLD) constructions are discussed from a syntactic point of view and experimentally tested in a psycholinguistics study. The study contributes to current innovations in the Minimalist Program, presenting new perspectives on Romanian clitic dependencies in raising constructions partially addressed in earlier generative grammar. This study poses new questions regarding raising, the intervention effects of dative clitic experiencers, and the effects of clitic dependencies in ditransitive constructions. Chapter II presents an overview of Romanian raising constructions without dative experiencers. I show that Romanian possesses three raising constructions, based on the type of the embedded clause: subjunctive, infinitive, and indicative. Each of these has three potential locations for the nominative subject, argued to be generated in the embedded clause. Formal mechanisms such as Long Distance and Multiple Agree, Movement, Case and EPP are considered independent of one another. Dative clitic experiencers in raising constructions, analyzed in Chapter III, are claimed to be quirky subjects and to structurally occupy the highest position in the sentence. Having established the role of dative clitic experiencers, I discuss raising constructions involving dative experiencers generated and/or surfacing in various positions, and their effects on operations such as Agree and Move. I then discuss Experiencer Islands, formed by matrix and embedded experiencers in the same utterance, and present the contexts in which they occur. A Grammaticality Judgment Test confirms the existence of such restriction in Romanian. Furthermore, I present an analysis of Experiencer Islands and discuss observed exceptions to the restriction. Dative clitic dependencies such as CLLD constructions and Long Distance CLLD Constructions are also analyzed in this thesis. The experimental study presented in Chapter IV supports theoretical claims and demonstrates that Romanian speakers are aware of dative clitic dependencies, such as clitic experiencer dependencies and clitic dependencies in CLLD constructions, possess the grammatical knowledge of biclausal constructions involving dative clitic dependencies and have the ability to recognize such dependencies.

The goal of this work is to provide an account of dative clitic dependencies in constructions with raising verbs such as to seem in Romanian. Dative clitic experiencers as quirky subjects and dative clitics in clitic left dislocation (CLLD) constructions are discussed from a syntactic point of view and experimentally tested in a psycholinguistics study. The study contributes to current innovations in the Minimalist Program, presenting new perspectives on Romanian clitic dependencies in raising constructions partially addressed in earlier generative grammar. This study poses new questions regarding raising, the intervention effects of dative clitic experiencers, and the effects of clitic dependencies in ditransitive constructions. Chapter II presents an overview of Romanian raising constructions without dative experiencers. I show that Romanian possesses three raising constructions, based on the type of the embedded clause: subjunctive, infinitive, and indicative. Each of these has three potential locations for the nominative subject, argued to be generated in the embedded clause. Formal mechanisms such as Long Distance and Multiple Agree, Movement, Case and EPP are considered independent of one another. Dative clitic experiencers in raising constructions, analyzed in Chapter III, are claimed to be quirky subjects and to structurally occupy the highest position in the sentence. Having established the role of dative clitic experiencers, I discuss raising constructions involving dative experiencers generated and/or surfacing in various positions, and their effects on operations such as Agree and Move. I then discuss Experiencer Islands, formed by matrix and embedded experiencers in the same utterance, and present the contexts in which they occur. A Grammaticality Judgment Test confirms the existence of such restriction in Romanian. Furthermore, I present an analysis of Experiencer Islands and discuss observed exceptions to the restriction. Dative clitic dependencies such as CLLD constructions and Long Distance CLLD Constructions are also analyzed in this thesis. The experimental study presented in Chapter IV supports theoretical claims and demonstrates that Romanian speakers are aware of dative clitic dependencies, such as clitic experiencer dependencies and clitic dependencies in CLLD constructions, possess the grammatical knowledge of biclausal constructions involving dative clitic dependencies and have the ability to recognize such dependencies.

The goal of this work is to provide an account of dative clitic dependencies in constructions with raising verbs such as to seem in Romanian. Dative clitic experiencers as quirky subjects and dative clitics in clitic left dislocation (CLLD) constructions are discussed from a syntactic point of view and experimentally tested in a psycholinguistics study. The study contributes to current innovations in the Minimalist Program, presenting new perspectives on Romanian clitic dependencies in raising constructions partially addressed in earlier generative grammar. This study poses new questions regarding raising, the intervention effects of dative clitic experiencers, and the effects of clitic dependencies in ditransitive constructions. Chapter II presents an overview of Romanian raising constructions without dative experiencers. I show that Romanian possesses three raising constructions, based on the type of the embedded clause: subjunctive, infinitive, and indicative. Each of these has three potential locations for the nominative subject, argued to be generated in the embedded clause. Formal mechanisms such as Long Distance and Multiple Agree, Movement, Case and EPP are considered independent of one another. Dative clitic experiencers in raising constructions, analyzed in Chapter III, are claimed to be quirky subjects and to structurally occupy the highest position in the sentence. Having established the role of dative clitic experiencers, I discuss raising constructions involving dative experiencers generated and/or surfacing in various positions, and their effects on operations such as Agree and Move. I then discuss Experiencer Islands, formed by matrix and embedded experiencers in the same utterance, and present the contexts in which they occur. A Grammaticality Judgment Test confirms the existence of such restriction in Romanian. Furthermore, I present an analysis of Experiencer Islands and discuss observed exceptions to the restriction. Dative clitic dependencies such as CLLD constructions and Long Distance CLLD Constructions are also analyzed in this thesis. The experimental study presented in Chapter IV supports theoretical claims and demonstrates that Romanian speakers are aware of dative clitic dependencies, such as clitic experiencer dependencies and clitic dependencies in CLLD constructions, possess the grammatical knowledge of biclausal constructions involving dative clitic dependencies and have the ability to recognize such dependencies.

(in English): The theme of this thesis project is the "Functioning of proper names in phraseological units". In the study researched phraseological units with proper names (anthroponymes) which are taken from the phraseological dictionary "Russian phraseology: historical and etymological dictionary", ed. V.M Mokienko. The subject of our study is to determine the characteristics of the functioning of proper names in phraseological units, in order to explain and show the translation of the function of proper names, to identify the role of proper names. In the thesis project were performed the following tasks: 1) identify and classify phraseological units with anthroponymes for reasons of their occurrence, and 3) explain by psycholinguistic experiment how the proper name loses its primary function - nominative, getting an evaluation function, and 4) check an acquisition of estimator function by anthroponymes on materials Russian National Corpus. In the study were analyzed 80 phraseological units with anthroponimes, revealed changes in the scope and content of the concept of a proper name in the phraseological unit. Finally, conclusions are made about acquisition the proper name in the frezeologicheskoy unit properties that can be applied to unlimited number of denotations.

В магистерской диссертации из английских оригинальных текстов и их русскоязычных переводов за 2022–2023 гг. на сайтах трех крупнейших криптовалютных бирж – Binance, Coinbase Exchange и Bybit осуществлен сопоставительный анализ субстантивных атрибутивных групп вида N1+N2+...+Nn с их русскоязычными соответствиями. Показано, что с ростом числа компонентов такого именного словосочетания уменьшается встречаемость каждой модели. / This master’s thesis is based on the English source texts and their Russian translations (2022–2023) from the websites of the three largest cryptocurrency exchanges – Binance, Coinbase Exchange and Bybit. There is carried out a comparative analysis of substantive attribute groups N1+N2+...+Nn with their Russian equivalents. The growth of the number of components in such a nominative phrase is shown to cause the decrease of each model of translation.

Au VIème siècle après J.-Ch., les structures de la langue latine ne correspondent plus tout à fait aux normes de la langue classique, aussi bien du point de vue morphologique et sémantique que syntaxique. A travers l’étude comparative des constructions absolues entre un corpus d’auteurs classiques et un corpus d’auteurs tardifs, nous montrons l’émergence de nouvelles valeurs du participe, particulièrement le participe passé actif de verbes non déponents, en latin tardif, ou plus exactement une fréquence accrue de valeurs parfois attestées en latin classique et archaïque. / In the 6th century A.D., the structures of the Latin language no longer entirelycorrespond to the norms of Classical Latin, from a morphological and semantic perspective aswell as a syntactical one.By means of a comparative study of absolute constructions in a corpus of classicalauthors and a corpus of later authors, we show the emergence of new participle values, inparticular the active passive participle of non-deponent verbs in Late Latin, or more precisely,a greater frequency of values sometimes attested in Classical and Archaic Latin.

Diese Arbeit legt eine diachrone korpuslinguistische Untersuchung der Kasusvariation in sog. Nominativobjekt-Konstruktion in der Geschichte der russischen Sprache. Bei der Nominativobjekt-Markierung handelt es sich um eines der in der Geschichte der russischen Sprache erscheinenden syntaktischen Merkmale, das auch in mehreren ostslawischen und ostbaltischen Dialekten sowie den westfinnischen Sprachen zu finden ist. Diese Art von Konstruktion lässt sich in der frühen russischen Schriftsprache bis zum 12. Jahrhundert nachweisen und wurde allgemein, wenn auch nicht durchgehend, in der russischen Kanzleisprache des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts verwendet, wonach sie aus der Schriftsprache verschwand und z.T. nur noch in heutigen nordrussischen Dialekten mundartlich wurde. Ziel der Analyse ist es das Auftreten des Nominativs im Vergleich zum ebenfalls auftretenden und (aus der Perspektive des heutigen Standradrussischen) erwartbaren Akkusativ anhand von korpuslinguistische Studie zu beschreiben und zu erklären. Die Arbeit liefert eine multifaktorielle diachronische Analyse von sprachlichen und außersprachlichen Faktoren (wie Dialekt- oder Registervariation), die diese Kasusvariation auslösen, um die Strategien der Kasuswahl und mögliche Mikroverschiebungen zu rekonstruieren. Ein zentrales Ergebnis der Studie ist, dass bereits in den ältesten Dokumenten beide Konstruktionen mit einem Nominativ und einem Akkusativ zu finden sind, die auch noch nicht als völlig austauschbare Varianten in der Sprache existierten. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Kasuswahl im Altrussischen nicht rein syntaktisch geregelt wurde, wie es im Mittelrussischen oft der Fall war. Einige oben genannte Fakten erlauben es zwei ursprünglich voneinander unabhängige Konstruktionen anzunehmen, die jedoch unterschiedliche Initialkonstruktionen hatten und deswegen die Überlappungsfälle ermöglichten. / This work presents a diachronic study on case variation in so called “nominative object constructions” attested in Old and Middle Russian, and in some modern North Russian dialects. The origin of those type of constructions in Russian and the syntactic status of the argument in nominative has been widely discussed and different explanations have been suggested in various historical and typological works on this phenomenon. In this study, I account for the differences in the paralleled use of nominative and accusative object constructions. This interchangeability is often explained as complementary use (distribution) of two variants of one construction or as a simply stylistic variation, but in fact, this is the expression of two independent competing rules (in means of “competing grammar approach”). The goal of this study is to present the results of a first extensive quantitative corpus-based analysis on theoretical considerations about development and micro-changes in these types of constructions with special focus on the different factors determining the case choice. It will be shown in this study that constructional change at the morphological level does not happen in complete isolation from developments at other levels. In addition, each constructional change can have repercussions on other constructions. In the case of nominative object construction and the case variation with accusative, a variety of linguistic and non-linguisitic factors can be assumed to interact. Hence, the diachronic change of different constructional variants can also be interpreted as a case of functional re-organization in that non-canonical object marking constructions.

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