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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
951

Efetividade de diferentes protocolos de cimentação na resistência da união de pinos de fibra de vidro no canal radicular / Effectiveness of different cementation protocols on bonding strength of fiber post

Mitterhofer, Werônica Jaernevay Silveira 07 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-22T14:32:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 weronicajaernevaysilveiramitterhofer.pdf: 1391105 bytes, checksum: 52aca5cc80e8e9f8351f73c962b70c2e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-23T12:17:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 weronicajaernevaysilveiramitterhofer.pdf: 1391105 bytes, checksum: 52aca5cc80e8e9f8351f73c962b70c2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T12:17:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 weronicajaernevaysilveiramitterhofer.pdf: 1391105 bytes, checksum: 52aca5cc80e8e9f8351f73c962b70c2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / Hipótese de estudo: No presente estudo foi hipotetizado que os diferentes protocolos de cimentação adesiva de pinos de fibra de vidro, não afetariam os valores de resistência de união a dentina radicular nas diferentes profundidades do canal radicular. Objetivo: Neste estudo ex vivo foi avaliada a resistência da união por push out de cimentos resinosos na fixação de pinos de fibra de vidro nos terços cervical, médio e apical da raiz dentária. Método: Foram usadas cinquenta raízes bovinas no comprimento de 18mm, que foram tratadas endodonticamente e, sem seguida os condutos foram preparados para fixação de pinos de fibra de vidro por meio de diferentes cimentos resinosos. Os sistemas de cimentação testados foram: ED Primer/Panavia F (Kuraray), Single Bond Multipurpose Plus - SBMP (3M ESPE)/RelyX ARC (3M ESPE), Single Bond Universal - SBU (3M ESPE)/RelyX Ultimate - ULT (3M ESPE), SBMP (3M ESPE)/RelyX Ultimate (3M ESPE), RelyX U200 (3M ESPE). As raízes foram seccionadas para obtenção de fatias com 1mm de espessura dos terços cervical, médio e apical de cada raiz. A mensuração da resistência de união dos diferentes terços foi obtida pelo ensaio de push out (máquina de ensaio Universal EZ-S, Shimadzu). O padrão de fratura foi analisado usando um estereomicroscópio (MZ75; Leica Microsystems, Heerbrugg, Suíça) com aumento de 40x para observar o modo de falha. Sendo classificados em: (1) falha adesiva entre o cimento resinoso e a dentina radicular, (2) falha adesiva entre o cimento resinoso e o pino de fibra de vidro, (3) falha coesiva no cimento resinoso, (4) falha coesiva na dentina radicular e (5) falha mista (envolvendo mais de um padrão anteriormente descrito). Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que sistemas de cimentação SBU/ULT e SBMP/ULT apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência de união comparado aos demais grupos experimentais, sem diferença significante entre si. Menores valores de resistência de união foram observados para os demais grupos, também sem diferença entre os mesmos. O terço cervical mostrou a maior resistência de união comparado aos terços médio e apical, os quais não apresentaram diferença significante entre si. Conclusão: o sistema SBU/ULT produz resistência adesiva superior aos demais sistemas testados, exceto SBMP/ULT, com vantagem de reduzidos passos clínicos e, consequentemente menor sensibilidade da técnica adesiva. / Study hypothesis: The hypothesis in the present study was that the different protocols cementation of glass fiberglass would not affect the values of bond strength to root dentin at the different depths of the root canal. Aim: In this ex vivo study was evaluated the bond strength of resin cement fixed by fiber posts in the cervical, medium and apical roots thirds. Method: Fifty bovine incisors roots in length 18mm were prepared to lute fiber posts with different protocols of cementation. The luting agents tested: ED Primer/Panavia F (Kuraray), Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3M ESPE)/RelyX ARC (3M ESPE), Single Bond Universal - SBU(3M ESPE)/RelyX Ultimate - ULT (3M ESPE), Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus - SBMP (3M ESPE)/RelyX Ultimate (3M ESPE), RelyX U200 (3M ESPE). The roots were sectioned to obtain 1mm thick slices of the cervical, middle and apical thirds of each root. The bond strength was evaluated with a push-out test (universal testing machine EZ-S, Shimadzu). Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test with a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that SBU/ULT and SBMP/ULT cementation systems had the highest bond strength values compared to the other experimental groups, with no significant difference between them. Lower values of bond strength were observed for the other groups, also with no difference between them. The cervical third showed the highest bond strength compared to the middle and apical thirds, which did not present significant difference between them. Conclusion: the SBU/ULT system produces superior adhesive resistance to the other systems tested, except SBMP/ULT, with the advantage of reduced clinical steps and consequently lower sensitivity of the adhesive technique.
952

Nanodureza e módulo de elasticidade da interface adesiva e sua correlação na resistência de união do compósito à dentina / Nanohardness and elastic modulus of the adhesive interface and correlation with microtensile bond strength of dentin and composite

Freitas, Pedro Henrique, 1987- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Simonides Consani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T14:46:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_PedroHenrique_M.pdf: 3735270 bytes, checksum: 29dc10c2cbd943353f0a85edc1252101 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a nanodureza e módulo de elasticidade da interface adesiva e sua correlação com a resistência de união do compósito à dentina após armazenamento em água por 24 horas e seis meses. Foram utilizados 80 dentes terceiros molares humanos hígidos que foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de acordo com o sistema adesivo (Adper Scotchbond Multiuso, Adper Single Bond 2, Clearfil SE Bond e Clearfil S3 Bond) e subdividos de acordo com o período de armazenamento de 24 horas e seis meses (n=10). Dos 10 dentes, três foram selecionados para o ensaio de nanoindentação e sete para o ensaio de microtração. Os dentes foram preparados para obter superfícies planas em dentina, sobre as quais os adesivos foram aplicados e fotopolimerizados conforme as instruções dos fabricantes. Após aplicação do adesivo, a porção de resina composta foi construída de forma incremental e os dentes restaurados foram armazenados em água destilada a 37°C por 24 horas e seis meses. Os espécimes foram obtidos após o período de armazenamento em água a 37°C por 24 horas e 6 meses. Para o teste de resistência à microtração, os dentes foram seccionados para obtenção de espécimes em forma de palito com área seccional de 1 mm2. Para o teste de nanoindentação os dentes foram seccionados para obtenção de fatias com espessura de 2 mm, posteriormente incluídas em resina epóxica e a superfície exposta submetida ao desgaste com lixas abrasivas e polidas com suspensão diamantada. Foram realizadas cinco nanoindentações na camada de adesivo, na camada híbrida e na dentina, com carga de 1000 ?N em ciclo trapezoidal. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de correlação de Spearman, ANOVA dois fatores (sistema adesivo e tempo de armazenamento) para todas as variáveis em estudo, seguida de comparações múltiplas de Tukey (5%). A análise de Spearman mostrou correlação significativa apenas para o módulo de elasticidade da camada de adesivo em relação resistência de união. A ANOVA não mostrou interação entre os fatores sistema adesivo e tempo de armazenamento; porém, o fator sistema adesivo isolado apresentou diferença significativa para o módulo de elasticidade e nanodureza da camada de adesivo para o adesivo Adper Single Bond 2. Os valores de resistência de união mostraram que o adesivo convencional de três passos Adper Scotchbond Multiuso e o autocondicionante de dois passos Clearfil SE Bond foram estatisticamente superiores aos adesivos convencional de dois passos Adper Single Bond 2 e autocondicionante de único passo Clearfil S3 Bond. Para os dados de nanodureza e módulo de elasticidade apenas a camada de adesivo do adesivo Adper Single Bond 2 foi estatisticamente significativa. Em conclusão, o armazenamento por seis meses não influenciou nos valores de nanodureza, módulo de elasticidade e resistência de união; não houve diferença nos valores de nanodureza e módulo de elasticidade da dentina e camada híbrida para os adesivos testados; houve diferença nos valores de nanodureza e módulo de elasticidade da camada de adesivo, sendo que Adper Single Bond 2 mostrou valores de nanodureza e módulo de elasticidade superiores aos demais adesivos; Clearfil SE e Adper Scotchbond Multiuso mostraram valores de resistência de união superiores aos adesivos Adper Single Bond 2 e Clearfil S3 e o módulo de elasticidade apresentaram-se inversamente proporcional à resistência de união / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate of nanohardness and elastic modulus of the adhesive interface and correlation with microtensile bond strength of dentin and composite after storage in water for 24 hours and six months. Eighty sound human third molars were randomly divided into four groups according to the adhesive system (Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose, Adper Single Bond 2, Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil S3 Bond) and subdivided according the period of storage, 24 hours and six months (n = 10). From 10 teeth, three were selected for nanoindentation and seven for microtensile bond strength. The teeth were prepared to obtain flat dentin surfaces on which the adhesive systems were applied and cured according to the manufacturer's instructions. After adhesive application, the portion of composite was constructed incrementally and the restored teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and six months. The samples were obtained after these storage period. For microtensile bond strength restored teeth were sectioned to obtain specimens with sectional area of 1 mm2. For nanoindentation the restored teeth were sectioned to obtain slices with a thickness of 2 mm, subsequently embedded in epoxy resin and the exposed surface subjected to abrasion with sandpaper abrasive and polished with diamond slurry. Five nanoindentações were made on the adhesive layer, the hybrid layer and dentin, with a load of 1,000 ?N in trapezoidal cycle. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman correlation and ANOVA for two factors (adhesive system and storage time) for all study variables, followed by Tukey multiple comparisons (5%). The Spearman analysis showed significant correlation only for the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer to microtensile bond strength. The ANOVA showed no interaction between adhesive system and storage time, but isolated adhesive system factor showed a significant difference. The values of bond strength showed that Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose three-step conventional adhesive and Clearfil SE Bond two-step self-etching were statistically higher than Adper Single Bond 2 conventional two-step adhesives and Clearfil S3 Bond single step self-etching. The nanohardness and elastic modulus values of the hybrid layer and dentin were not statistically significant. Only for Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive layer the values are significant. The correlation analysis showed that there was only influence in the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer for the bond strength. In conclusion: storage for six months did not influence the values of nanohardness, elastic modulus and bond strength; there was no difference in the values of nanohardness and elastic modulus of dentin hybrid layer and to adhesives tested; there was no difference in the values of nanohardness and elastic modulus of the adhesive layer, and Adper Single Bond 2 showed values of nanohardness and elastic modulus higher than the other adhesives; Clearfil SE and Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose showed higher bond strength values than Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil S3 and the modulus of elasticity was inversely proportional to bond strength / Mestrado / Materiais Dentarios / Mestre em Materiais Dentários
953

Avaliação in vitro do ascorbato de sódio em diferentes tempos de aplicação e concentrações na resistência de união à dentina tratada com hipoclorito de sódio e/ou EDTA / In vitro assessment of different times and concentrations of sodium ascorbate on the bond strength to dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite and/or EDTA

Lacerda, Aniele Carvalho, 1983- 02 July 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T00:09:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lacerda_AnieleCarvalho_M.pdf: 1787368 bytes, checksum: 7ae8501ef4c6b79a8032427d280dbdf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro o ascorbato de sódio em diferentes tempos de aplicação e concentrações na resistência de união de um sistema adesivo convencional de 3 passos à dentina da câmara pulpar tratada com hipoclorito de sódio, EDTA ou suas associações. Oitenta e quatro incisivos bovinos hígidos e recém-extraídos foram seccionados, obtendo-se amostra do terço médio vestibular da coroa. As amostras foram distribuídas, aleatoriamente, em 14 grupos (n=6) de acordo com o tratamento superficial da dentina com substâncias químicas. G1(controle): NaCl 0,9%; G2: NaOCl 5,25%; G3 e G4: NaOCl 5,25% seguido de ascorbato de sódio 10 ou 20%, respectivamente, por 10 minutos; G5: NaCl 0,9% seguido de EDTA 17%; G6 e G7: NaCl 0,9% + EDTA 17% seguido de ascorbato de sódio 10 ou 20%, respectivamente, por 10 minutos; G8: NaOCl 5,25% + EDTA 17% + NaOCl 5,25%; G9, G10 e G11 semelhantes ao G8 seguido de ascorbato de sódio 10% por 1, 5 ou 10 minutos, respectivamente; G12, G13 e G14 semelhantes ao G8 seguido de ascorbato de sódio 20% por 1, 5 ou 10 minutos, respectivamente. Ao final, todas as amostras foram imersas em NaCl 0,9% por 3 minutos. A dentina foi hibridizada com Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose e, em seguida, preparada para o teste de resistência à microtração. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente (? = 0.05) e os padrões de fratura determinados em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Os valores de resistência de união do Grupo 1 foram estatisticamente maiores do que os dos demais grupos experimentais, exceto Grupo 4. O Grupo 4 apresentou média superior aos Grupos 9 e 14 (p<0.05). No entanto, não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas entre os demais grupos, independente do protocolo de tratamento das superfícies dentinárias, tempo de aplicação e concentração do ascorbato de sódio. Concluiu-se que o NaOCl e o EDTA, sozinhos ou associados, reduziram significativamente (p<0.05) os valores de resistência de união na interface resina-dentina da câmara pulpar. O ascorbato de sódio restabeleceu os valores de adesão da dentina da câmara pulpar apenas quando utilizado na concentração de 20% por 10 minutos após o uso isolado de NaOCl (Grupo 4) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the sodium ascorbate in different application times and concentrations on bond strength of a conventional 3 steps adhesive system to the pulp chamber dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite, EDTA or their associations. Eighty-four intact bovine incisors, freshly extracted, were sectioned in order to obtain samples of the buccal middle third of the crown. The samples were randomly distributed into 14 groups (n = 6) according to the chemical surface treatment of the dentin. G1 (control): 0.9% NaCl; G2: 5.25% NaOCl, G3 and G4: 5.25% NaOCl followed by 10 or 20% sodium ascorbate, respectively, for 10 minutes; G5: 0.9% NaCl followed by 17% EDTA; G6 and G7: 0.9% NaCl + 17% EDTA followed by 10 or 20% sodium ascorbate respectively, for 10 minutes; G8: 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl; G9, G10 and G11: similar to G8 followed by 10% sodium ascorbate for 1, 5 or 10 minutes, respectively; G12, G13 and G14: similar to G8 followed by 20% sodium ascorbate for 1, 5 or 10 minutes, respectively. At the end, all samples were immersed in 0.9% NaCl for 3 minutes. The dentin was hybridized with Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and then prepared for the microtensile bond strength test. Data were analyzed statistically (?= 0.05) and the failure mode classified under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The values of bond strength of Group 1 were significantly higher than other groups, except for Group 4. Group 4 showed average superior to Groups 9 and 14 (p <0.05). However, no differences were observed among the other groups, regardless of the dentin surface treatment, application time or concentration of sodium ascorbate. It was concluded that NaOCl and EDTA, whether associated or not, significantly reduced (p <0.05) the bond strength values of resin-dentin interface in the pulp chamber. Sodium ascorbate restored the bond strength values of pulp chamber dentin only when used at a concentration of 20% for 10 minutes after an isolated application of NaOCl on dentin (Group 4) / Mestrado / Endodontia / Mestra em Clínica Odontológica
954

Resistencia de união na parede cervical de restaurações classe II submetidas a tensões termicas e mecanicas : efeito do sistema adesivo e do uso de composito de baixa viscosidade

Cavalcanti, Andrea Araujo de Nobrega 25 February 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Giselle Maria Marchi Baron / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:45:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcanti_AndreaAraujodeNobrega_M.pdf: 1539279 bytes, checksum: 1057c21f74fe483246cc81ee785cd1ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes sistemas adesivos e do uso de camadas de resina composta de baixa viscosidade na resistência de união à dentina de restaurações Classe II, submetidas a ciclos térmicos e mecânicos. Cavidades proximais com margem cervical em dentina foram preparadas em noventa incisivos bovinos. Os dentes foram aleatoriamente divididos em nove grupos (n=10), segundo a combinação ¿Tipo de agente de união + Camada (1,0mm) do compósito de baixa viscosidade Filtek Flow (FF)¿: G1- Single Bond (SB) sem FF; G2- SB + 1 camada de FF; G3- SB + 2 camadas de FF; G4- OptiBond Solo Plus (OS) sem FF; G5- OS + 1 camada de FF; G6- OS + 2 camadas de FF; G7- Prime & Bond NT (NT) sem FF; G8- NT + 1 camada de FF e G9- NT + 2 camadas de FF. Os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados segundo as instruções dos respectivos fabricantes e cada camada de FF foi fotoativada separadamente. As restaurações foram concluídas com compósito Filtek Z250. Posteriormente, foi realizada a ciclagem térmica (1.000x, 5-55°C, 60s/banho) e a mecânica (100.000x, 80N, 2,0Hz), em todas as unidades experimentais. Após as ciclagens, os dentes foram seccionados verticalmente, obtendo-se duas fatias de, aproximadamente, 1,0mm de espessura. Em cada fatia, a interface de união da parede cervical foi recortada em formato de ampulheta, originando uma área de cerca de 1,0mm2. As fatias foram submetidas ao teste de microtração em máquina de ensaio universal (v=0,5mm/min). Após o teste, os corpos-de-prova foram avaliados em MEV para determinação dos padrões de fratura. As médias (DP) encontradas foram (MPa): G1- 18,7 (7,9); G2- 18,3 (11,4); G3- 19,3 (6,9); G4- 15,4 (5,0); G5- 12,7 (4,2); G6-12,77 (4,8); G7- 19,3 (7,5); G8- 14,9 (3,1) e G9- 17,83 (3,8). De acordo com os resultados da análise estatística (ANOVA dois-critérios / Tukey, a=5%), não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre o uso ou não das camadas de FF. As médias de resistência de união dos agentes SB e NT não diferiram estatisticamente e ambas foram significativamente maiores do que as bservadas quando o OS foi usado (p<0,05). A distribuição do padrão de fratura variou consideravelmente entre os grupos experimentais (Teste Exato de Fisher, a=5%). Nos grupos sem camadas de resina composta de baixa viscosidade (G1, G4 e G7), a freqüência de falhas adesivas foi alta (p<0,05). Nos grupos restaurados com 1 camada de FF foi encontrada uma quantidade elevada de falhas coesivas na resina de base, mantendo preservada a interface dente-restauração (p<0,05). Porém, a distribuição das fraturas nos grupos restaurados com 2 camadas de FF não foi estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05). Foi observado que os valores de resistência de união variaram em função do sistema adesivo e que a camada de baixo módulo de elasticidade foi capaz de influenciar os padrões de fratura / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin bonding systems and restorative techniques on tensile bond strength of class II restorations after thermal and mechanical stresses. Proximal cavities with dentin gingival margins were prepared on ninety bovine incisors. The teeth were randomly assigned into nine groups (n=10), according to the combination of ¿Bonding agent + Layer (1.0mm) of the flowable composite resin Filtek Flow (FF)¿: G1- Single Bond (SB) without FF; G2- SB + 1 FF layer; G3- SB + 2 FF layers; G4- OptiBond Solo Plus (OS) without FF; G5- OS + 1 FF layer; G6- OS + 2 FF layers; G7- Prime & Bond NT (NT) without FF; G8- NT + 1 FF layer, and G9- NT + 2 FF layers. Adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturers¿ instructions and each FF layer was photoativated separately. Restorations were concluded with Filtek Z250 composite resin. Subsequently, teeth were submitted to thermal (1,000x, 5-55°C, and 60s/bath) and mechanical stresses (100,000x, 80N, 2Hz). The samples were vertically sectioned to obtain approximately 1.0mm thick slabs, which were trimmed to an hour-glass shape with a cross sectional area of approximately 1.0mm2. Specimens were submitted to the microtensile test in an universal testing machine (v=0.5mm/min), and the failure mode of the tested specimens was analyzed by SEM. Means (SD) of tensile bond strength were (MPa): G1- 18.7 (7.9); G2- 18.3 (11.4); G3- 19.3 (6.9); G4- 15.4 (5.0); G5- 12.7 (4.2); G6- 12.77 (4.8); G7- 19.3 (7.5); G8- 14.9 (3.1), and G9- 17.83 (3.8). Statistical analysis of bond strength results (Two-way ANOVA / Tukey, a=5%) did not exhibit significant difference between the use or not of FF layers. Statistical differences were not found between the bond strength of SB and NT. Also, both agents presented significant higher means than that observed when OS was used (p<0.05). Fracture modes varied considerably between experimental groups (Fisher¿s Exact Test, a=5%). Groups without FF layers (G1, G4, and G7) presented a greater frequency of adhesive failures (p<0.05). An elevated quantity of cohesive failures at the intermediate layer as found in the groups restored with 1,0mm of FF (p<0.05), maintaining the integrity of the tooth-restoration interface. On the other hand, fracture modes did not differ between groups with 2.0mm of FF. It was observed that results varied by the type the bonding agent, and that the layer of low modulus of elasticity was able to influence failure modes / Mestrado / Dentística / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
955

Influence de la rugosité de surface du substrat sur l'adhérence de revêtements à base d'aluminium élaborés par projection dynamique par gaz froid ("cold spray") / Influence of substrate surface roughness on cold-sprayed coating-substrate bond strength in aluminum-based systems

Blochet, Quentin 26 November 2015 (has links)
Le principe du procédé cold spray réside dans la projection de poudres à haute vitesse sur un matériau, le substrat. La formation d'un revêtement plus ou moins dense à sa surface passe par l'adhérence et l'empilement des particules projetées. Un des domaines d'application d'un tel procédé est la réparation de composants métalliques ou composites utilisés dans le secteur aéronautique. Les particules et le substrat adhèrent par différents mécanismes, notamment mécaniques. Les duretés respectives des matériaux et la topographie de surface du substrat influent sur l'intensité de cet ancrage mécanique. Cette étude permet de statuer sur ces deux contributions. Pour cela, des systèmes purement métalliques et composites aux propriétés mécaniques différentes sont choisis. Le dépôt de particules sur des surfaces rugueuses est étudié à travers l'élaboration de revêtements d'aluminium pur sur substrats d'alliage d'aluminium plus durs. Des mécanismes de déformation plastique et d'empilement sont analysés par construction de revêtements d'Al-SiC sur aluminium. L'élaboration de ces revêtements passe par l'optimisation de nombreux paramètres liés au procédé et à la nature des matériaux (température, pression, granulométrie). Les conditions d'impact des particules sont également déterminées par l'emploi de techniques mesurant la vitesse des poudres projetées (DPV 2000), la température du substrat par thermocouples et la température des particules par simulation numérique. L'ancrage mécanique des particules est analysé par observation en coupe de l'interface revêtement-substrat. Le gradient de dureté est également quantifié. Une analyse de la morphologie des surfaces sablées est réalisée afin de corréler la granulométrie des particules aux dimensions de rugosité mesurées. Un modèle d'impact par simulation numérique est mis en place pour étudier les déformations plastiques des interfaces en fonction de la topographie de surface. Enfin, des essais d'adhérence par choc laser (LASAT®) sont entrepris afin d'identifier le rôle de la rugosité d'interface sur les seuils de rupture déterminés numériquement. / The cold spray process is based on high-speed spraying of a powder onto a substrate. The formation of a more or less dense coating depends on sprayed particle adhesion and coating build-up. The repair of metallic or composite aircraft / aerospace components is a recent application of cold spraying. The particle-substrate bond strength is due to various mechanisms, including mechanical anchoring. Substrate material hardness and surface topography governs the degree of mechanical anchoring. This thesis study is centered on the influence of these two contributions. Pure metallic and composite systems with different mechanical properties are selected. Particle deposition onto rough surfaces is investigated through the development of pure aluminium coating of harder aluminum alloy substrates. Plastic deformation and build-up mechanisms are studied for Al-SiC coatings onto ductile substrate. All the coatings resulted from an optimization stage where process parameters and materials properties are considered (gas temperature, gas pressure, particle size). Particle impact conditions are also determined by particle speed experimental measurements (using a DPV 2000 system). Substrate temperatures are determined using thermocouple and particle temperatures are studied by numerical simulation. Mechanical anchoring of particles is investigated by cross-section observation of the coating-substrate interface. Hardness gradient is also quantified. An analysis of sand-blasted surfaces morphology is performed to correlate particle size and roughness parameters. A model of particle impact is established from a finite element analysis of interface plastic deformation as a function of surface topography. Lastly, dynamic adhesion testing using a laser shock (LASAT®) are undertaken to study the potential role of interface roughness on the fracture thresholds in the light of a numerical analysis.
956

Processing and Microstructural Characterization of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics

Gai, Fangyuan, Gai, Fangyuan January 2017 (has links)
Spark plasma sintering (SPS), also known as direct current sintering (DCS) is an advanced sintering technique that and uses a continuous pulsed direct current to rapidly process materials through Joule heating and offers significant advantages and versatility over conventional sintering methods. The technique features in energy saving owing to high heating rates and is very suitable for consolidation as well as diffusion bonding of electrical conductive advanced ceramic materials such as ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs). However, cooling rate in SPS also plays an important role as it directly influences the generation of residual stress especially for specimens consist of dissimilar phases such as composites and laminates primarily due to CTE mismatch. Therefore, in order to produce high quality materials, a zirconium diboride with addition of silicon carbide (ZrB2-SiC) ultra high temperature ceramic composite is selected to investigate the effect of cooling rate in SPS on microstructure and mechanical properties. After being densified at the target temperature, ZrB2-25vol%SiC specimens are cooled from 1800°C using controlled cooling rates of 10 °C/minute to ~225.5 °C/minute (free cooling). A time dependent finite element analysis (FEA) model is used to simulate the temperature gradients across the specimens at dwell times and during the cooling processes. The residual stress within the specimens are experimentally verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometry, and found maximum residual stress within the specimen cooled at 225.5 °C/minute. Peak Hardness and moderate elastic modulus is found for specimen sintered at 1800 °C and cooled at 100 °C/minute, which make this temperature and cooling rate appropriate conditions for future fabrication of UHTCs with similar thermal and electrical properties. These materials are of great interest for their excellent high-temperature capabilities, wear and corrosion resistance, and are regarded as material candidates for engineering applications in extreme environments. Therefore, development of an effective joining technique is important since near-net shape fabrication is challenging, and joints formed by brazing or conventional solid-state diffusion bonding limit the mechanical strength and high temperature applications of the base materials. Using SPS we have rapidly and successfully joined ZrB2 to hafnium diboride (HfB2) at 1750 and 1800 °C within a minute through electric current assisted solid-state diffusion bonding. The electric current enables localized Joule heating as well as plastic deformation of the mating surface asperities, and enhances the elemental interdiffusion process at the HfB2/ZrB2 interfaces owing to electromigration, which leads to the formation of ZrxHf1-xB2 solid solution. A series of characterization and analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) are employed to study the microstructure and chemical composition at of the HfB2/ZrB2 interfaces. Apart from enhanced diffusion as a result of electromigration, the applied electric current can also be use to promote plastic deformation in ZrB2, which does not go through gross plastic deformation due to its extremely high melting point and brittle nature even when elevated temperature and pressure are applied. Through “electroplastic effect” (an effect based on electromigration) the mobility and multiplication of the existing dislocations in ZrB2 is enhanced, and a “metal-like” primary recrystallization phenomenon in the ZrB2 is observed meaning the material has experienced a sufficient amount of plastic deformation and reached the critical dislocation density and configuration for nucleation of “strain-free” grains. The average grain size of the recrystallized grain is only ½ of its original value. These findings suggest great potentials in microstructural tailoring and grain refinement of conductive advanced ceramics using SPS, and provide promising ideas for future fabrications and applications.
957

Ammonia stabilized Carbanions

Michel, Reent 18 January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
958

LONGEVIDADE DA UNIÃO DE SISTEMAS ADESIVOS UNIVERSAIS EM DENTINA HÍGIDA E AFETADA / BONDING LONGEVITY OF UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE SYSTEMS ON SOUND AND CARIES-AFFECTED DENTIN

Follak, Andressa Cargnelutti 29 July 2016 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A new generation of adhesive systems are currently available on market. They were reported on the literature as universal adhesives or multimode adhesives . These adhesives are versatile, as they can be use in either etch-and-rinse or self-etch strategy. However, only a few data is available about long-term bonding behavior of universal adhesive systems. Then, the aim of this study is to evaluate immediate and six months bond strength of different universal adhesive systems on sound and caries-affected dentin, either on etch-and-rinse or self-etch strategies. The adhesive systems tested were: Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE), All-Bond Universal (Bisco), Prime & Bond Elect (Denstply Caulk), Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) and Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental). All adhesive systems were applied under manufacturer s instructions and a composite block was build up on dentin surfaces. Caries-affected dentin was artificially induced by pH-cycling (8h immersed on demineralizing solution and 16h on remineralizing solution, for 14 days). Stick shaped specimens (0,8 mm²) were obtained to be submitted to microtensile test at immediate time or after 6 months of storage. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed by three-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test (α= 5%). Analysis were performed for each substrate separately. On sound dentin, the etching strategy did not influence bond strength of universal adhesives and no significant statistical differences were found for bond strength values after 6 months of water storage. On caries-affected dentin, adhesive systems also showed similar results regardless etching strategies. However, significant reduction in bond strength values was found after six months. The etching strategy did not influence bond strength performance of universal adhesives on dentin substrate, although the long-term bond strength is decreased on caries-affected dentin. / Recentemente foram introduzidos no mercado uma nova geração de adesivos, reportados pela literatura como adesivos universais ou multi-modo . Esses adesivos são materiais versáteis, podendo ser utilizados tanto na técnica autocondicionante como na técnica com condicionamento ácido prévio. No entanto, pouco sabe-se ainda sobre o comportamento desses adesivos universais em relação à longevidade da adesão. Então, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união imediata e após 6 meses de diferentes adesivos universais em dentina hígida e afetada, usando as estratégias de condicionamento ácido prévio e autocondicionante. Os sistemas adesivos testados foram: Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE), All-Bond Universal (Bisco), Prime & Bond Elect (Denstply Caulk), Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) e Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental). Todos os adesivos foram aplicados seguindo as recomendações dos fabricantes e um bloco de resina composta foi construído sobre a dentina. A dentina afetada foi obtida artificialmente através de ciclagem de pH (8 horas em solução desmineralizante e 16 horas em solução remineralizante, por 14 dias). Espécimes em forma de palitos foram obtidos (0,8 mm²) para serem submetidos ao teste de microtração imediatamente ou após 6 meses de armazenamento. Os dados obtidos em MPa foram analisados por análise de variância de 3 fatores e teste de contraste de Tukey (α= 5%). A análise foi realizada separadamente para cada substrato. Em dentina hígida, a estratégia de condicionamento não teve influência na resistência de união dos adesivos universais e não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a resistência de união imediata e após 6 meses. Em dentina afetada, os sistemas adesivos apresentaram resultados similares, independente da estratégia de condicionamento. No entanto, houve uma significativa redução na resistência de união após 6 meses. Assim, a estratégia de condicionamento não influencia a resistência de união dos adesivos universais em dentina, porém a resistência de união a longo prazo é reduzida em dentina afetada.
959

Relación entre los Lazos Parentales de la infancia y la Satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en un grupo de estudiantes de Psicología de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana

Vásquez Amat y León, Fiorella 08 1900 (has links)
Se estudió la relación entre los Lazos Parentales de la infancia y la Satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en una muestra de 153 estudiantes de psicología de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. Para lograr el objetivo del presente estudio correlacional se administró el Cuestionario General de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (Deci & Ryan, 2000 en Chen et al., 2015) y el Instrumento de Lazos Parentales (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979 en Gómez, Vallejo, Villada, & Zambrano, 2009). Ambos evidenciaron óptimas propiedades psicométricas (validez de constructo y confiabilidad). Los resultados mostraron correlaciones directas y significativas entre el Cuidado Materno y la satisfacción de las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas y correlaciones directas y significativas entre el Cuidado Paterno y la satisfacción de la necesidad de competencia. Asimismo, se evidenciaron correlaciones inversas y significativas entre la Sobreprotección Materna y la satisfacción de las necesidades de autonomía y relación y correlaciones inversas y significativas entre la Sobreprotección Paterna y las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas. Estos resultados sugieren que se acepta parcialmente la hipótesis planteada. / The relationship between parental bonds of childhood and satisfaction of basic psychological needs was studied in a sample of 153 psychology students at a university in Lima. To reach the aim of this study were administrated the Basic Psychological Needs in General Questionnaire (Deci & Ryan, 2000 in Chen et al., 2015) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979 Gómez , Vallejo, Villada , & Zambrano , 2009) were administered. Both showed optimal psychometric properties (construct validity and reliability). Results also showed significant positive correlations between the Maternal Care and satisfaction of three basic and significant positive correlations between the Parental Care and satisfying the need for competition psychological needs. Also were showed significant negative correlations between Maternal Overprotection and satisfying the autonomy and relationship needs and significant negative correlations between the Parental Overprotection and the three basic psychological needs. These results suggest that the hypothesis is partially accepted.
960

Diagonal and Off-Diagonal Anharmonicity in Hydrogen-Bonded Systems

Heger, Matthias 20 April 2016 (has links)
No description available.

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