A study of the process of technological change in contemporary Mayan agricultural systems was undertaken by an action research method that involved close collaboration with the rural development efforts of farmers in the northern highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Firstly, the socioeconomic context of technological change in Chiapas was described, with special reference to the effects of markets on agricultural development. Secondly, theta actors affecting the productivity and sustainability of the regions principal agricultural systems: maize and beans for subsistence and coffee for cash were described and measured. The use of traditional swidden methods of maize cultivation with shorter fallow periods was found to be causing a significant decline in the fertility of soils. Alternative, non-burning methods were found to be sustainable in terms of soil fertility, but required high labour inputs and were less productive during a 2-3 year transition period. Despite government programmes to promote the development of coffee plantations most farmers had adopted only ad hoc improvements, and coffee system productivities were found to be generally low. Models integrating dynamic and linear progranuning components of the improvement problem systems in maize and coffee production were constructed using evidence from the field studies. By examining a number of hypothetical scenarios, further hypotheses about the coffee and maize systems were generated. It was inferred that the relative scarcity of farm labour, cash or land resources would affect the optimum technical decisions of farmers. In particular, it was concluded that farmers with scarce cash resources would face most difficulty (in terms of loss of effective income) in adopting non-burning maize techniques and the promoted methods of coffee plantation improvement. On the basis of the evidence from the field studies and the modelling exercises a number of technical, project and policy recommendations were advocated. These were based upon the objective of maximising the potential competitive strengths of the peasant mode of production, including: the efficient use of marginal, dispersed and inaccessible resources and the production of a wide range of specialised agricultural and forestry products.

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate indigenous knowledge of vegetation resource utilisation, in particular the use of traditional medicinal plants in the provision of health care in the community of Khayelitsha and to determine traditional resource management approaches.</p>

Thesis (PhD (Phytomedicine Programme) (Paravet. Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

Thesis (D. Miss)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 352-359).

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Title: Consumers’ perception of Traditional vs. Non-traditional Advertising in Bulgaria.A case of Kaufland BulgariaLevel: Master Thesis in International MarketingAuthors: Simeon Kovachki and Ventsislav MarinovTutor: Sarah WiknerDate: 21st of May, 2018Keywords: Advertising, Marketing, Traditional Advertising, Non-Traditional Advertising, Communication Process, Decision-Making Process, PerceptionsBackground: There are different ways to promote a brand, products or services. The researchers attempted to understand the traditional and non-traditional messages of different types of advertisements. The focus of this research is on print advertising, billboards, TV commercials and online advertisement.The purpose of this study is to better understand the perceptions that the Bulgarian customers have towards the advertising messages that are sent on traditional and non-traditional channels by one of the hypermarkets in Bulgaria.Method: In order to answer the research questions and fulfill the purpose the researchers conducted qualitative and quantitative research. The primary data was collected by carrying out a semi-structured interview with one of the Kauflands’ managers in Bulgaria and an online survey that was distributed through one of the social media channels. The secondary data was collected by using online sources such as websites that are considered trustworthy and also companies annual reports which have been reviewed in order to better understand the position of Kaufland on the Bulgarian market.Conclusion: The authors found that both traditional and non-traditional advertising plays a major role. However, traditional advertising is still a big convincer towards a purchase. The merge between traditional and non-traditional advertising elevates classic advertising into the “new classic advertising”. The perception towards both ways of advertising is relatively positive, where brochures are the most preferred way when talking about hypermarkets.

The aim of this study is to explore HP Maredi's three selected dramas in order to understand his literary practice.These are Mowang wa Matuba , Mo go fetileng kgomo and Lapa ke mosadi. Through his writings one can sense that Maredi wants black people to be aware of their historical origins. He also wants to pass down native customs and traditions to future generations. The whole study discusses the following : &#9632;different perceptions Africans and Westerners hold with regard to depletion of wild animals and the smoking of dagga. &#9632;institutions and activities in the Northern Sotho culture which Maredi considers socially essential. &#9632;portrayal of characters through their relations to, and interactions with their physical and social environments. &#9632;recurrence and reversal as the elements that produce rhythm in drama. &#9632;conclusion and the recapitulation of this study. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

O presente estudo consiste numa análise etnográfica e comparativa entre os sistemas de crenças e práticas da bruxaria tradicional e moderna existentes em Porto Alegre, no Rio Grande do Sul, a primeira sendo restrita aos habitantes da Ilha da Pintada e a segunda transitando, sobretudo entre jovens das camadas médias da cidade. Aparentemente, a bruxaria tradicional vinculada às práticas do catolicismo popular tradicional é o oposto da bruxaria moderna ou neopagã. Ao invés de um Deus transcendente, a última cultua uma Deusa imanente, que está presente em todos os seres da natureza. Além disso, as bruxas modernas de Porto Alegre dizem trabalhar somente “para o bem”, enquanto as bruxas tradicionais da Ilha da Pintada estariam ligadas a práticas de malefícios e mesmo ao embruxamento de crianças. Porém, as correspondências começam a existir quando observamos uma outra personagem das narrativas de bruxas e bruxarias na Ilha, ou seja, as benzedeiras. Elas são as praticantes da “boa magia”, agindo no combate às ações de bruxaria, na comunidade. Benzedeiras e bruxas modernas valem-se de um mesmo símbolo de proteção, o pentagrama ou Símbolo de Salomão. A partir desta primeira analogia, outras serão observadas ao contrastarmos esses dois universos simbólicos. / The present study consists of an ethnographic and comparative analysis between the systems of faiths and practices of the traditional and modern witchcraft in Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul); the first one concerning exclusively the inhabitants of the Island of Pintada and the second one, mainly young people of the middle class of the city. Apparently, traditional witchcraft related to the practices of popular traditional Catholicism is the opposite of the modern witchcraft or neo-pagan. Instead of a transcendent God, modern witchcraft worships an immanent Goddess, who is present in all beings of the nature. Besides, modern witches from Porto Alegre state they “work only for the good”, while the traditional witches of the Island of Pintada would be linked to practices of harms and even to children's bewitchment. However, similarities begin to exist when we observe another character of the witches' narratives and witchcrafts in the Island, in other words, the benzedeiras (faith healers). They practice “good magic”, acting against the witchcraft actions in the community. Benzedeiras and modern witches use the same protection symbol, the pentagram or Solomon Seal. Starting from this first analogy, we will observe many others as we contrast these two symbolic universes.

This thesis examines the extent to which the Karuk Tribe has participated in natural resource management regulatory processes, using the Klamath River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process as a particular case study for evaluation. One of the most effective ways that the Tribe participates in the TMDL process is through the rigorous adoption of the technical tools of regulatory science. Collaboration with nontribal organizations is also used to build capacity for participation. The Tribe’s active participation in the TMDL process has in turn shaped the process, making it more inclusive of tribal values and traditional knowledge, improving overall scientific inquiry, and facilitating increased cooperation among tribal and non-tribal resource managers. At the same time, the Tribe’s participation in the process remains “uneven,” underscoring the ongoing challenge of making regulatory processes that recognize the legitimacy of tribal knowledge and values.

The study of isiZulu medicine names as reflected in indigenous healing system. This research focuses on the meaning of names of nsatural herbs in isiZulu language which form part of traditional medicine within the Zulu society. It plays an important role in the manifestation of a composite picture of Zulu society. This research also proposes to investigate isiZulu medicine as reflected in indigenous healing systems within th Zulu society which forms what is known as Zulu cosmoloy. the primary objective of this research is to contribute to an understanding of the ways in which humans use natural herbs and animal parts in constructing healthy life as part of healing practice. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)