O aumento da produção de habitações de interesse social traz consigo a problemática da qualidade de unidades habitacionais construídas a baixo custo e em um curto espaço de tempo. Aliadas a essas preocupações de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, surgem também as exigências de caráter ambiental para edifícios, as quais deram origem à criação de dezenas de sistemas de certificação de desempenho ambiental de edifícios, de caráter internacional, que vêm sendo usadas no cenário brasileiro, indiferentemente às suas especificidades e carências. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi promover uma análise comparativa desses sistemas de certificação, realizando uma discussão de suas inadequações ao contexto brasileiro. A partir da análise comparativa e balizamento de itens avaliativos das certificações estudadas pelos critérios preestabelecidos neste trabalho, pudemos notar que as ferramentas estudadas demonstram uma série de itens avaliativos plenamente aplicáveis a edifícios residenciais situados no cenário brasileiro e outros que ainda necessitam de adaptações. Portanto, esta análise deverá servir como embasamento para um trabalho futuro de criação de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de certificação ambiental de edificações habitacionais brasileiras. / The increased production of social housing brings the issue of the quality of housing units built at low cost. Combined to these concerns, those are qualitative and quantitative, are also the character of environmental requirements for buildings which led to the creation of dozens of buildings environmental performance certification systems, with international character, which have been used in the Brazilian scene, regardless of their specificities and needs. Therefore, the objective of this work is to promote an analysis of these certification systems and conducting a discussion of their inadequacies to the Brazilian context. From the comparative analysis and marking of the certification evaluation items by the established criteria studied in this work, we noted that the studied tools show several evaluative items fully applicable to residential buildings located in Brazil and others ones that still need to be adapted. Therefore, this analysis should serve as a basis for a future work to establish guidelines for the development of an environmental certification system for residential buildings in Brazil.

Research based on translation expertise, which is also sometimes referred to as translation competence, has been a growing area of investigation in translation studies. These studies have not only focused on how translation expertise may be conceptualised and defined, but also on how this expertise is acquired and developed by translators. One of the key observations that arise from an overview of current research in the field of translation expertise is the prevalence of process-oriented methodologies in the field, with product-oriented methodologies used comparatively infrequently. This study is based on the assumption that product-oriented methodologies, and specifically the corpus-based approach, may provide new insights into translation expertise. The study therefore sets out to address the lack of comprehensive and systematic corpus-based analyses of translation expertise. One of the foremost concerns of corpus-based translation studies has been the investigation of what is known as the features of translated language which are often categorised as: explicitation, simplification, normalisation and levelling-out. The main objective of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that the features of translated language can be taken as an index of translation expertise. The hypothesis is founded on the premise that if the features of translated language are considered to be the textual traces of translation strategies, then the different translation strategies associated with different levels of translation expertise will be reflected in different frequencies and distributions of these features of translated language in the work of experienced and inexperienced translators. The study therefore aimed to determine if there are significant differences in the frequency and distribution of the features of translated language in the work of experienced and inexperienced translators. As background to this main research question, the study also investigated a secondary hypothesis in which translated language demonstrates unique features that are the consequence of various aspects of the translation process. A custom-built comparable English corpus was used for the study, comprising three subcorpora: translations by experienced translators, translations by inexperienced translators, and non-translations. A selection of linguistic operationalization’s was chosen for each of the four features of translated language. The differences in the frequency and distribution of these linguistic operationalization’s in the three sub corpora were analysed by means of parametric or non-parametric ANOVA. The findings of the study provide some support for both hypotheses. In terms of the translation expertise hypothesis, some of the features of translated language demonstrate significantly different frequencies in the work of experienced translators compared to the work of inexperienced translators. It was found that experienced translators are less explicit in terms of: formal completeness, simplify less frequently because they use a more varied vocabulary, use longer sentences and have a lower readability index score on their translations, and use contractions more frequently, which signals that they normalise less than inexperienced translators. However, experienced translators also use neologisms and loanwords less frequently than inexperienced translators, which is suggestive of normalisation occurring more often in the work of experienced translators when it comes to lexical creativity. These linguistic differences are taken as indicative of the different translation strategies used by the two groups of translators. It is believed that the differences are primarily caused by variations in experienced and inexperienced translators‟ sensitivity to translation norms, their awareness of written language conventions, their language competence (which involves syntactic, morphological and vocabulary knowledge), and their sensitivity to register. Furthermore, it was also found that there are indeed significant differences between translated and non-translated language, which also provides support for the second hypothesis investigated in this study. Translators explicitate more frequently than non-translators in terms of formal completeness, tend to have a less extensive vocabulary, tend to raise the overall formality of their translations, and produce texts that are less creative and more conformist than non-translators‟ texts. However, statistical support is lacking for the hypothesis that translators explicitate more at the propositional level than original text producers do, as well as for the hypothesis that translators are inclined to use a more neutral middle register. / MA (Language Practice), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

A partir de uma instalação interativa I/VOID/O, derivou-­se o que chamamos de \"regimes de permeabilidade\". Esses regimes organizam através de metáforas (espelhamento, transparência e inserção) os caminhos e descaminhos que levaram a concepção e concretização da obra. Esses regimes são posteriormente ampliados e passam a tratar de processos criativos envolvendo mídias digitais. Desse processo de ampliação nasce um último regime: o deslizar em uma fita de Moebius. Sob a perspectiva desse último regime, que relaciona todos os anteriores, experimentos foram realizados dentro do âmbito de ensino de meios digitais em Arquitetura. Após a conclusão desses experimentos, reflexões sob implicações dos regimes em relação à formação do arquiteto foram apontados. / From the interactive installation called I/VOID/O, we derived the so called \"permeability schemes\". These schemes organize, by using metaphors, the paths and the deviations that lead to the concepts and the realization of the installation. These schemes are amplified afterwards and start working with creative processes relative to digital media. From this amplification process, another scheme is generated: the sliding on a Moebius tape. From this schemes perspective, that associates all the other ones, experiments were realized.

O aumento da produção de habitações de interesse social traz consigo a problemática da qualidade de unidades habitacionais construídas a baixo custo e em um curto espaço de tempo. Aliadas a essas preocupações de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, surgem também as exigências de caráter ambiental para edifícios, as quais deram origem à criação de dezenas de sistemas de certificação de desempenho ambiental de edifícios, de caráter internacional, que vêm sendo usadas no cenário brasileiro, indiferentemente às suas especificidades e carências. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi promover uma análise comparativa desses sistemas de certificação, realizando uma discussão de suas inadequações ao contexto brasileiro. A partir da análise comparativa e balizamento de itens avaliativos das certificações estudadas pelos critérios preestabelecidos neste trabalho, pudemos notar que as ferramentas estudadas demonstram uma série de itens avaliativos plenamente aplicáveis a edifícios residenciais situados no cenário brasileiro e outros que ainda necessitam de adaptações. Portanto, esta análise deverá servir como embasamento para um trabalho futuro de criação de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de certificação ambiental de edificações habitacionais brasileiras. / The increased production of social housing brings the issue of the quality of housing units built at low cost. Combined to these concerns, those are qualitative and quantitative, are also the character of environmental requirements for buildings which led to the creation of dozens of buildings environmental performance certification systems, with international character, which have been used in the Brazilian scene, regardless of their specificities and needs. Therefore, the objective of this work is to promote an analysis of these certification systems and conducting a discussion of their inadequacies to the Brazilian context. From the comparative analysis and marking of the certification evaluation items by the established criteria studied in this work, we noted that the studied tools show several evaluative items fully applicable to residential buildings located in Brazil and others ones that still need to be adapted. Therefore, this analysis should serve as a basis for a future work to establish guidelines for the development of an environmental certification system for residential buildings in Brazil.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as abordagens que permitiram a quatro compositores brasileiros verterem com maestria três canções do compositor e cantor Bob Dylan (It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue, Romance In Durango e I Want You) e baseada nas abordagens adotadas pelos mesmos, compor uma versão de uma canção do vasto repertório dylaniano. A partir disso, procurei traçar os rumos que levaram ao primor das três versões Negro Amor, Romance no Deserto e Tanto, focando não apenas na mera tradução, mas na transposição para a língua portuguesa brasileira da lírica dylaniana mantendo para tal o formato da canção. As canções, apresentadas na ordem cronológica do lançamento das versões, são cotejadas com suas respectivas originais e os panos de fundo dos quatro versionistas, procurando analisar o caminho que cada um trilhou para chegar a sua interpretação. Ao final, tendo como enfoque as abordagens colhidas, apresento uma versão de própria lavra de uma canção do cancionista americano. / The present work aims to trace the approaches which led to the perfection of Negro Amor, Romance no Deserto and Tanto, three versions to songs of singer-songwriter Bob Dylan (It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue, Romance In Durango and I Want You respectively) e, focusing not merely on translation, but in the transposition of Dylan’s lyric into Brazilian Portuguese in which the song format has been maintained intact. The songs, presented in the chronological order of the versions, are collated with their corresponding originals and backgrounds of the four Brazilian composers, looking to analyze the way in which each one of them was able to reinterpret a Dylan song. At the end, taking into account the approaches gathered along this study, I present my own version of a Bob Dylan song.

This thesis describes and analyses in three substudies how home-based measures for children are expanding and why an open care idea are established as part of the Swedish child welfare. The first substudy describes the national increment of what today can be considered as a treatment policy – non-institutional care in child welfare. The results are analysed with Kingdon's agenda setting theory and shows that the factors of what Kingdon describes as problems-, politics- and policyflow influenced the national increment. Significant mechanisms have primarily been, the profession, the society's concerns for socially disadvantaged children, negative experiences of institutionalisation and a political position to deinstitutionalise all care. The second substudy focuses on how knowledge and research contributes to ideological, professional, and organizational change in child welfare by analysis of Research & Developments reports and articles from the professional journal Socionomen. Based on the neo-institutional concepts of organisational fields and isoformism the study's results shows that a consequence of adaptation strategies and "rationalized myths" are a number of similarities in how home-based measures are organized and which measures that are used. The third substudy, a case study, analyses how we can understand a local development of ideas in social services for children with concepts from neo institutional theory. Interviews and municipal documents are analysed and shows that the local translation of an open care idea is characterized by discretion, personal preferences and action and affects the choice of method and organization. The study also shows a political mistrust of institutional care while there is at the same time political confidence in the individual social worker's ability to find solutions that allow non-institutional measures to be an alternative to institutional care. An overall conclusion of the thesis is that there is now a treatment policy in social services for the children, which involves extensive efforts at home and it has led to that more children receive support from social services. One result of non-institutional care increment is that it led to increased costs for municipalities for intervention for children and young people when out-of-home care has not decreased. Another general conclusion is that translation and adaptation of ideas to local contexts is something that generally fits street-level bureaucrats need for discretion.

This thesis describes and analyses in three substudies how home-based measures for children are expanding and why an open care idea are established as part of the Swedish child welfare. The first substudy describes the national increment of what today can be considered as a treatment policy – non-institutional care in child welfare. The results are analysed with Kingdon's agenda setting theory and shows that the factors of what Kingdon describes as problems-, politics- and policyflow influenced the national increment. Significant mechanisms have primarily been, the profession, the society's concerns for socially disadvantaged children, negative experiences of institutionalisation and a political position to deinstitutionalise all care. The second substudy focuses on how knowledge and research contributes to ideological, professional, and organizational change in child welfare by analysis of Research & Developments reports and articles from the professional journal Socionomen. Based on the neo-institutional concepts of organisational fields and isoformism the study's results shows that a consequence of adaptation strategies and "rationalized myths" are a number of similarities in how home-based measures are organized and which measures that are used. The third substudy, a case study, analyses how we can understand a local development of ideas in social services for children with concepts from neo institutional theory. Interviews and municipal documents are analysed and shows that the local translation of an open care idea is characterized by discretion, personal preferences and action and affects the choice of method and organization. The study also shows a political mistrust of institutional care while there is at the same time political confidence in the individual social worker's ability to find solutions that allow non-institutional measures to be an alternative to institutional care. An overall conclusion of the thesis is that there is now a treatment policy in social services for the children, which involves extensive efforts at home and it has led to that more children receive support from social services. One result of non-institutional care increment is that it led to increased costs for municipalities for intervention for children and young people when out-of-home care has not decreased. Another general conclusion is that translation and adaptation of ideas to local contexts is something that generally fits street-level bureaucrats need for discretion.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as abordagens que permitiram a quatro compositores brasileiros verterem com maestria três canções do compositor e cantor Bob Dylan (It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue, Romance In Durango e I Want You) e baseada nas abordagens adotadas pelos mesmos, compor uma versão de uma canção do vasto repertório dylaniano. A partir disso, procurei traçar os rumos que levaram ao primor das três versões Negro Amor, Romance no Deserto e Tanto, focando não apenas na mera tradução, mas na transposição para a língua portuguesa brasileira da lírica dylaniana mantendo para tal o formato da canção. As canções, apresentadas na ordem cronológica do lançamento das versões, são cotejadas com suas respectivas originais e os panos de fundo dos quatro versionistas, procurando analisar o caminho que cada um trilhou para chegar a sua interpretação. Ao final, tendo como enfoque as abordagens colhidas, apresento uma versão de própria lavra de uma canção do cancionista americano. / The present work aims to trace the approaches which led to the perfection of Negro Amor, Romance no Deserto and Tanto, three versions to songs of singer-songwriter Bob Dylan (It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue, Romance In Durango and I Want You respectively) e, focusing not merely on translation, but in the transposition of Dylan’s lyric into Brazilian Portuguese in which the song format has been maintained intact. The songs, presented in the chronological order of the versions, are collated with their corresponding originals and backgrounds of the four Brazilian composers, looking to analyze the way in which each one of them was able to reinterpret a Dylan song. At the end, taking into account the approaches gathered along this study, I present my own version of a Bob Dylan song.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 grigoleto_gg_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf: 97076 bytes, checksum: aeb71f1e3dcd408591619b0ee4d085c0 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-28T16:08:53Z: grigoleto_gg_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-28T16:09:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000641048.pdf: 764505 bytes, checksum: 32067ef8749a30efe912c85f09883a5e (MD5) / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a tradução de vocábulos considerados recorrentes e preferenciais na obra As mulheres de Tijucopapo, de Marilene Felinto, bem como observar possíveis tendências de normalização por parte da tradutora Irene Matthews na tradução para o inglês: The women of Tijucopapo. Esta pesquisa é parte de um projeto maior, o PETra – Padrões de Estilo de Tradutores, coordenado pela Profa. Dra. Diva Cardoso de Camargo. A metodologia situa-se no campo dos estudos da tradução baseados em corpus (proposta de Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2004; estudos sobre normalização de Scott, 1998; e pesquisas de Camargo, 2005, 2007), e no da linguística de corpus (estudos de Berber Sardinha, 2003, 2004); também se apoia na fortuna crítica da autora (trabalhos de Araújo, 2006; Bailey, 2010; Fiorucci, 2009; Gonçalves, 2001; Jacomel, 2008; Santos, 2005; Schmidt, 2009; Vieira, 2001; Wanderley, 2009 e Xavier, 2003). A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma combinação de análises semimanuais e de análises computadorizadas. Inicialmente, utilizamos o programa WordSmith Tools para obter a frequência das palavras na obra de Felinto. Em seguida, utilizamos a ferramenta KeyWords para identificar quais seriam as palavras-chave presentes no romance. Após esse levantamento, recorremos à fortuna crítica de Felinto e definimos cinco vocábulos considerados preferenciais da autora:homem, mulheres, chuva, amor e égua. Com base em Scott (1998), examinamos a tradução dos cinco vocábulos em relação a nove características de normalização. Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa mostram que a tradutora Irene Matthews tende a usar estratégias que podem ser identificadas como características de normalização / This thesis aims at analyzing the translation of words considered recurring and preferred in the novel As mulheres de Tijucopapo, by Marilene Felinto, as well as observing possible tendencies of normalization by the translator Irene Matthews in the translation to English: The women of Tijucopapo. This research is part of a bigger project, the PETra (Padrões de Estilo de Tradutores), coordinated by Doc. Diva Cardoso de Camargo. The methodology employed is that of corpus-based translation studies (proposed by Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2004; Scott‘s study concerning normalization, 1998; and Camargo‘s research studies, 2005, 2007), and that of corpus linguistics (Berber Sardinha‘s study, 2003, 2004). We also base our study on Felinto‘s critical heritage (studies by Araújo, 2006; Bailey, 2010; Fiorucci, 2009; Gonçalves, 2001; Jacomel, 2008; Santos, 2005; Schmidt, 2009; Vieira, 2001; Wanderley, 2009, and Xavier, 2003). The research was carried out by means of a combination of semi- manual and computerized analyses. Initially, we used the computer software WordSmith Tools to obtain the frequency of the words in Felinto‘s book. Then, we went on to use the tool KeyWords to identify which would be the keywords in the author‘s novel. After collecting these data, we used Felinto‘s critical heritage in order to select five words that could be considered as recurring and preferred in Felinto‘s writing: 'homem‘ ('man‟), 'mulheres‘ ('women)‘, 'chuva‘ ('rain‘), 'amor‘ ('love‘) and 'égua‘ ('mare‘). Based on Scott (1998), we analyzed the translation of the five selected words in relation to nine normalization features. The results obtained in this study show that the translator Irene Matthews tends to use strategies that may be identified as features of normalization

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as abordagens que permitiram a quatro compositores brasileiros verterem com maestria três canções do compositor e cantor Bob Dylan (It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue, Romance In Durango e I Want You) e baseada nas abordagens adotadas pelos mesmos, compor uma versão de uma canção do vasto repertório dylaniano. A partir disso, procurei traçar os rumos que levaram ao primor das três versões Negro Amor, Romance no Deserto e Tanto, focando não apenas na mera tradução, mas na transposição para a língua portuguesa brasileira da lírica dylaniana mantendo para tal o formato da canção. As canções, apresentadas na ordem cronológica do lançamento das versões, são cotejadas com suas respectivas originais e os panos de fundo dos quatro versionistas, procurando analisar o caminho que cada um trilhou para chegar a sua interpretação. Ao final, tendo como enfoque as abordagens colhidas, apresento uma versão de própria lavra de uma canção do cancionista americano. / The present work aims to trace the approaches which led to the perfection of Negro Amor, Romance no Deserto and Tanto, three versions to songs of singer-songwriter Bob Dylan (It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue, Romance In Durango and I Want You respectively) e, focusing not merely on translation, but in the transposition of Dylan’s lyric into Brazilian Portuguese in which the song format has been maintained intact. The songs, presented in the chronological order of the versions, are collated with their corresponding originals and backgrounds of the four Brazilian composers, looking to analyze the way in which each one of them was able to reinterpret a Dylan song. At the end, taking into account the approaches gathered along this study, I present my own version of a Bob Dylan song.