Lookback option is a well-known path-dependent option where its payoff depends on the historical extremum prices. The thesis focuses on the binomial pricing of the American floating strike lookback put options with payoff at time $t$ (if exercise) characterized by \[ \max_{k=0, \ldots, t} S_k - S_t, \] where $S_t$ denotes the price of the underlying stock at time $t$. Build upon the idea of \hyperlink{RBCV}{Reiner Babbs Cheuk and Vorst} (RBCV, 1992) who proposed a transformed binomial lattice model for efficient pricing of this class of option, this thesis extends and enhances their binomial recursive algorithm by exploiting the additional combinatorial properties of the lattice structure. The proposed algorithm is not only computational efficient but it also significantly reduces the memory constraint. As a result, the proposed algorithm is more than 1000 times faster than the original RBCV algorithm and it can compute a binomial lattice with one million time steps in less than two seconds. This algorithm enables us to extrapolate the limiting (American) option value up to 4 or 5 decimal accuracy in real time.

There are high demands on flexographic print quality to be sufficiently high and consistent in order to create a competitive packaging. At the same time the production efficiency need to be high. Printers thus need to achieve the same quality every time and quickly start-up new printing jobs. To accomplish this, one needs to gain a thorough understanding of how the liquid packaging board interacts with the ink and impacts the print quality. This thesis focuses on water-based ink absorption of liquid packaging boards and particularly on a) how uniformity of ink absorption can be measured and b) to what extent the absorption characteristics contribute to print mottle in flexographic printing. The work encompasses two parts. First, an absorption non-uniformity test method has been developed using a staining technique. This method is unique as it measures how unevenly an aqueous solution is absorbed, in a short time period and without impact from surface roughness. Moreover, the contributions from white-top mottle and absorption non-uniformity can be quantified simultaneously from one single measurement. Second, a method to independently study the effects of absorption non-uniformity on print quality has been established. This is achieved by introducing artificial absorption non-uniformities with well-controlled barrier patterns. A barrier pattern may modify local pore structure and/or surface energy, hence lead to lateral absorption variations. By these means, it is possible to produce a substrate property-matrix; encompassing absorption non-uniformity and for example surface roughness. It was demonstrated that non-uniform absorption indeed has a negative impact on print quality, both on smoother and rougher boards. Low absorption made print density decrease and uneven absorption caused print mottle. This was the case when other properties of the samples were kept within a narrow range; otherwise surface roughness appeared to determine print mottle ranking.

The construction of a substitution box (S-box) with high nonlinearity and high resiliency is an important research area in cryptography. In this thesis, t-resilient nxm S-box construction methods depending on linear block codes presented in &quot / A Construction of Resilient Functions with High Nonlinearity&quot / by T. Johansson and E. Pasalic in 2000, and two years later in &quot / Linear Codes in Generalized Construction of Resilient Functions with Very High Nonlinearity&quot / by E. Pasalic and S. Maitra are compared and the former one is observed to be more promising in terms of nonlinearity. The first construction method uses a set of nonintersecting [n-d,m,t+1] linear block codes in deriving t-resilient S-boxes of nonlinearity 2^(n-1)-2^(n-d-1),where d is a parameter to be maximized for high nonlinearity. For some cases, we have found better results than the results of Johansson and Pasalic, using their construction. As a distinguished reference for nxn S-box construction methods, we study the paper &quot / Differentially Uniform Mappings for Cryptography&quot / presented by K.Nyberg in Eurocrypt 1993. One of the two constructions of this paper, i.e., the inversion mapping described by Nyberg but first noticed in 1957 by L. Carlitz and S. Uchiyama, is used in the S-box of Rijndael, which is chosen as the Advanced Encryption Standard. We complete the details of some theorem and proposition proofs given by Nyberg.

Herewith are presented the results of an investigation the statistical power of USP compendial release tests and recommended alternatives. <br>The U.S. drug supply chain, formerly protected by a closed distribution network, is now threatened by the legal and illegal importation of drug products. Whereas quality can never be inspected into final products, compendial release standards may represent the only valid assessment that products of dubious origin would receive. Reliable tests for content uniformity and dissolution are required to protect the safety of the supply chain. A study was designed to test the hypothesis that existing compendial tests for content uniformity and dissolution would protect the supply chain against substandard and counterfeit drugs if basic field tests failed. <br>Compendial tests for content uniformity and dissolution were evaluated for statistical power using simulation studies. The results revealed that the revised content uniformity test, based on tolerance analysis, was subject to an unacceptable level of consumers' risk. The Bergum method proved to be an excellent secondary standard for product assessment and is recommended as an alternative to the USP method. Simulations with the USP dissolution test revealed significant weaknesses and inconsistencies in the test structure. Theoretical models and power assessments confirmed that the coverage specification of the dissolution test was an unacceptably high 50% coverage with 50% confidence. <br>A Bayesian D-optimal design program was used to investigate alternative methods to improve the coverage capability of the USP dissolution test. The result of this program was the identification of two alternatives to the existing USP procedure. The first alternative is based on the addition of attribute coverage tests to stages 2 and 3 of the USP test, whereas the second alternative is based on the concept of tolerance analysis. <br>Validation studies confirmed that both alternatives significantly improved the statistical power of the USP dissolution test without increasing the sample size or modifying the current three-stage procedure. The attribute test is non-parametric and behaves similarly to the existing USP with improved coverage, whereas the continuous alternative is more sensitive and is consistent with the recent revisions to the content uniformity test. / Mylan School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Pharmaceutics / PhD / Dissertation

Η εργασία εξετάζει το μορφολογικό φαινόμενο της παραδειγματικής ομοιομορφίας στο ονοματικό κλιτικό σύστημα πλήθους νεοελληνικών διαλέκτων τόσο από συγχρονική όσο και διαχρονική σκοπιά και ερμηνεύει τους λόγους εμφάνισής του. / The paper examines the morphological phenomenon of paradigm leveling as it manifests itself within the nominal inflectional paradigm of several modern Greek dialects, both from a synchronic and diachronic perspective, and explains the reasons which lead to its appearance.

Even whith the advanced of production of seedlings, many problems still exist and they must be solved, mainly in what refers to the expedition of seedlings of the vegetation house. So, this study has as aim to establishes periods and ways of expedition of seedlings of Pinus elliottii Engelm and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid, with uniformity of their morphologic parameters (diameter and height) and to verify the tendency of concentration of the production in reason of their time evaluations, at the forest nursery of Santa Maria Federal University, RS. For that, an experiment was installed in which ten evaluations in intervals of 15 days for Pinus and four evaluations with the same interval of time for Eucalyptus took place, each repetition for each species was divided in portions to determined the best exit form of the seedlings of the vegetation house. The choice of the period of retreat of the seedlings of the vegetation house was based on the result of the analysis of homogeneity of the variances of the morphologic parameters, according to Bartlett's test to 5% of error, and the form of retreat of the seedlings was made comparing the averages through the test t, to 5% of error. It was verified for Pinus, that to the 135 days after the germination, there was already uniformity among its morphologic parameters for the simulations of retreat of seedlings becoming separated the tray in Border x Center (BxC), Right x Center X Left (DxCxE), and Quadrants, and that, to the 180 days, there was uniformity to Front x Center x Bottom (F1xCxF). For Eucalyptus the minimum time of permanence of the seedlings in the vegetation house was of 100 days becoming separated the tray in BxC, F1xCxF and quadrants and of 115 days for them simulation DxCxE. The obtained results, starting from the time of it stayed of the seedlings in the nursery, they allow to conclude that differences exist with relationship to the quality pattern wanted when the seedlings are collected of different places submitted to a same development condition, and that the retreat of the way seedlings assigned that allows to obtain seedlings with the same quality pattern. / Mesmo tendo-se avançado nas técnicas de produção de mudas, ainda existem muitos problemas a serem solucionados, principalmente no que se refere a expedição de mudas da casa de vegetação. Sendo assim este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer períodos e formas de expedição de mudas de Pinus elliottii Engelm e Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden, com uniformidade de seus parâmetros morfológicos (diâmetro e altura) e verificar a tendência de concentração da produção em razão de suas avaliações no tempo, no viveiro florestal da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. Para tanto foi instalado um experimento no qual realizaram-se dez avaliações em intervalos de 15 dias para Pinus e quatro avaliações com o mesmo intervalo de tempo para Eucalipto, em que cada repetição para cada espécie foi dividida em parcelas para se determinar a melhor forma de saída das mudas da casa de vegetação. A escolha do período de retirada das mudas da casa de vegetação foi baseada no resultado da análise de homogeneidade das variâncias dos parâmetros morfológicos, pelo teste de Bartlett a 5% de erro, e a forma de retirada da mudas foi feita com base nas comparações de médias por meio do teste t, a 5% de erro. Verificou-se para Pinus, que aos 135 dias após a germinação, já havia uniformidade entre seus parâmetros morfológicos para as simulações de retirada de mudas dividindo-se a bandeja em Bordadura x Centro (BxC), Direita x Centro X Esquerda (DxCxE), e quadrantes, e que, aos 180 dias, houve uniformização para Frente x Centro x Fundo F1xCxF. Para Eucalipto o tempo mínimo de permanência das mudas na casa de vegetação foi de 100 dias dividindo-se a bandeja em BxC, F1xCxF e quadrantes e de 115 dias para as simulação DxCxE. Os resultados obtidos, a partir do tempo de permanecia das mudas no viveiro, permitem concluir que existem diferenças quanto ao padrão de qualidade desejado quando as mudas são coletadas de diferentes locais submetidas a uma mesma condição de desenvolvimento, e que a retirada das mudas de maneira escalonada que permite obter mudas com o mesmo padrão de qualidade.

Orientador: João Luis Zocoler / Banca: Antônio de Pádua Sousa / Banca: João Carlos Cury Saad / Banca: Marcio Furlan Maggi / Banca: Maritane Prior / Resumo: Um sistema de irrigação deve possibilitar o manejo eficiente da lâmina de água aplicada. Para tal, é necessário avaliar o desempenho do sistema em operação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a uniformidade de distribuição e lâmina de água aplicada por um equipamento de irrigação do tipo pivô central em função da variação da velocidade de rotação no conjunto motobomba com o uso de um inversor de freqüência e o efeito da posição da linha lateral nesses parâmetros. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, no município de Coronel Macedo - SP. Foram testadas duas condições de operação: Ensaio 1 com pressão constante na saída do conjunto motobomba e Ensaio 2 com rotação variável de acordo com a necessidade de altura manométrica. Para cada condição de operação foram testadas três posições de linhas coletoras de água: aclive de 3,45%, nível e declive de 11,78%. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo feitas três repetições em cada posição testada. Aplicou-se a análise de variância seguida do teste de Tukey. O valores médios do coeficiente de uniformidade de Heermann & Hein foi 90,02% e 88,85% para os Ensaios 1 e 2, respectivamente, qualificando a uniformidade de acordo com a Norma da ABNT como muito boa e boa. Também, a posição da linha lateral influenciou 2 significativamente na rotação do conjunto motobomba e conseqüentemente no consumo de energia. A lâmina média ponderada de irrigação aplicada foi 5,84 mm e 5,71 mm para os Ensaios 1 e 2, respectivamente, variando dentro de cada ensaio significativamente (5%) entre as posições de declive versus aclive e nível. Concluiu-se que para os Ensaios 1 e 2 a rotação e a posição da linha lateral influenciaram significativamente na uniformidade de distribuição, lâmina de água aplicada e consumo de energia, exceto para o Ensaio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: An irrigation system should enable the efficient management of the water depth applied. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the system in operation. This study aimed to evaluate the uniformity distribution and water depth applied in center pivot irrigation systems according to the change in speed of rotation of set motor pump with a frequency inverter and the effect of the position of the lateral line in these parameters. The study was conducted at the Nossa Senhora Aparecida Farm, in the city of Coronel Macedo - SP. Two operation conditions were tested: Test 1 with constant pressure in the output of set motor pump and Test 2 with variable rotation in accordance with the need of the pressure of system. For each condition of operation were tested three positions of lines of collecting: incline of 3.45%, level and the slope of 11.78%. The experimental design was completely randomized, and three repetitions at each position of lines collecting tested. It was applied to analysis of variance followed by Tukey test. The average value of the coefficient of uniformity of Heermann & Hein was 90.02% and 88.85% for Tests 1 and 2, respectively, discribing the uniformity according to the Standard ABNT as very good and good. Also, the position of the lateral line significantly influenced the rotation of set motor pump and consequently in energy consumption. The mean weighed depth of irrigation applied was 5.84 mm and 5.71 mm for Tests 1 and 2, respectively, varying in each test significantly (5%) between positions of the slope versus incline and level. It was concluded that for the Tests 1 and 2, the rotation and the position of and lateral line influenced significantly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Cylmar Pitelli Teixeira Fortes (aryane@fortes.adv.br) on 2015-09-03T13:22:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cylmar Pitelli Teixeira Fortes -Uma Análise Crítica do Papel da Jurisprudência no Planejamento Tributário Tensões Principiológicas e Desafios à Unif_versão_03_09_2015.pdf: 1618422 bytes, checksum: d56d812b0bf3466e24ec8ccba4b19020 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-09-03T16:07:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cylmar Pitelli Teixeira Fortes -Uma Análise Crítica do Papel da Jurisprudência no Planejamento Tributário Tensões Principiológicas e Desafios à Unif_versão_03_09_2015.pdf: 1618422 bytes, checksum: d56d812b0bf3466e24ec8ccba4b19020 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-03T16:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cylmar Pitelli Teixeira Fortes -Uma Análise Crítica do Papel da Jurisprudência no Planejamento Tributário Tensões Principiológicas e Desafios à Unif_versão_03_09_2015.pdf: 1618422 bytes, checksum: d56d812b0bf3466e24ec8ccba4b19020 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-11 / As in other countries with civil Law tradition, Brazilian legal system incorporates the Law as the primary source and the guarantee of the Rule of Law. Hermeneutics, as the scientific theory of the art of interpretation, imposes itself in our system as the channel destined to compensate the vagueness and imprecision of the law, and resolve the normative conflicts, via the traditional methods and criteria. Jurisprudence, understood as a uniform and constant set of decisions concerning similar subjects, has a secondary role, and the ideas regarding Rights and Justice, in this context, are very close to Law. With the enactment of the 1988´s Democratic Constitution and the rebirth of Brazilian constitutional law, whose philosophical landmark is post-positivism, the Constituent brought regulation to the constitutional principles. However, it did not systemize the relations of the principles between themselves and with the equally positive-like rules of the Constitution; it generated certain principle-logical tensions, as well as among principles and constitutional rules. After surpassing the positive-like pattern, which matched Rights to Law, the discussions related to the neutrality of the regulation´s applicator, and the volunteered and customized actions practiced following subjective ideals of justice were highlighted. In this new context, Jurisprudence takes the role of the main character, and gets the jurisdiction´s Brazilian model closer to common law. However, the extraordinary link of the arbiters to precedents, which comes from the free convincing regime, indicates lack of uniformity and coherence of those that are been judged, concerning similar legal issues, jeopardising stability, generating legal uncertainty and insecurity, and consequently, high obstacles to entrepreneurial planning and the investments that depend on them, what tends to harm the country´s business environment. This perspective´s objective is indicating that Law, as the harmonic system of regulations, requires clear limits, and that these limits, in our constitutional system precisely represent the imposition of methods that guarantee uniform and coherent statements to the Society from the part of the regulation´s applicator, by observing the precedents adequately balanced in terms of harmony, legal security and predictability. / Como em países de tradição civil law, o sistema jurídico brasileiro consagra a lei como fonte primária e garantia do Estado de Direito. A hermenêutica, como teoria científica da arte de interpretar, impõe-se em nosso sistema como canal destinado a suprir as vaguezas e imprecisões da lei e resolver-lhe os conflitos normativos, pelos métodos e critérios tradicionais. A jurisprudência, entendida como um conjunto uniforme e constante de decisões sobre assuntos similares, tem um papel secundário, e as ideias de Direito e Justiça, nesse contexto, muito se aproximam da lei. Com a promulgação da Constituição democrática de 1988, e o renascimento do direito constitucional brasileiro, cujo marco filosófico é o pós-positivismo, o constituinte atribuiu normatividade aos princípios constitucionais. Mas não sistematizou as relações dos princípios entre si, e destes com regras igualmente positivadas na Constituição, fazendo emergir certas tensões principiológicas e também entre princípios e regras constitucionais. Superado o modelo positivista, que equiparava o Direito à lei, ganharam grande importância as discussões relacionadas à neutralidade do aplicador da norma, e os voluntarismos e personalismos praticados sob ideais subjetivos de justiça. Nesse novo contexto, a jurisprudência assume papel protagonista, e aproxima o modelo brasileiro das jurisdições do common law. Entretanto, a vinculação apenas extraordinária dos julgadores aos precedentes, que deita raízes no regime de livre convencimento, induz falta de uniformidade e de coerência dos julgados, acerca de questões jurídicas similares, comprometendo a estabilidade, gerando incerteza e insegurança jurídica, e por via de consequência, relevantes empecilhos ao planejamento empresarial e aos investimentos que dele dependem, o que tende a gerar prejuízos ao ambiente de negócios do País. Essa perspectiva tem o objetivo de demonstrar que o Direito, enquanto sistema harmônico de normas, requer limites claros, e que esses limites, em nosso sistema constitucional, significam precisamente a imposição de métodos que assegurem à sociedade pronunciamentos uniformes e coerentes por parte do aplicador da norma, mediante observância de precedentes adequadamente sopesados em direção à harmonia, segurança jurídica e previsibilidade.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / With the competitiveness in the increasing agricultural sector, mainly in terms of globalization of the economy, the inclusion of new technologies in the agricultural sector, especially the irrigation, is basic to become the sector each more sustainable time. The irrigation systems are projected to have a long useful life, thus being, cannot be disrespected the operational costs with the energy and the consuming of accessories that it composes the same ones, that directly they are related to its hydraulical sizing, the watershed of the cultures and to its water management. This consumption of energy has trend of increase with the consuming occurred in the equipment, or same to be extreme, which had to a deficient sizing. It is of basic importance that can have ways to evidence these events in each installation of irrigation and also to have a accompaniment of the activities executed with the equipment and that they intervene with its performance. The possible water use of inefficient form, with projected systems of irrigation with problems or necessity of maintenance, reflects the necessity of the constant evaluation in the equipment. This work evaluated some parameters that can modify the performance of systems of irrigation for center pivot. For way of this evaluation it was looked to bring to the user of the equipment of irrigation information on the modifications in the performance of the equipment, throughout its useful life, related to the three studied parameters: the time of functioning of the irrigation equipment, b) speed of the water in the aerial part of equipment and c) application or not of chemical products with the irrigation water. One concluded that: the evaluation of the operational performance of irrigation systems type "center pivot" must be effected to the long one of the useful life of the equipment, aiming at to guide adjustments and periodic corrections in the operational conditions that allow to optimize the allocation of the water and the energy. b) Is recommendable to analyze the performance of the equipment, adopting the three parameters used in this work: the Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CUC), the Distribution Uniformity Coefficient (CUD) and the Efficiency of Application (EA). / Com a competitividade no setor agrícola crescente, principalmente em termos de globalização da economia, a inclusão de novas tecnologias no setor agrícola, especialmente a irrigação, é fundamental para tornar o setor cada vez mais sustentável. Os sistemas de irrigação são projetados para terem uma longa vida útil, assim sendo, não podem-se desconsiderar os custos operacionais com a energia e o desgaste dos itens que compõe os mesmos, que estão diretamente relacionados ao seu dimensionamento hidráulico, às demandas hídricas das culturas e ao seu manejo. O consumo de energia tende a aumentar com o desgaste ocorrido no equipamento, ou mesmo ser excessivo, devido a um dimensionamento deficiente. É de fundamental importância que se tenham meios de constatar estes acontecimentos em cada instalação de irrigação e também ter o acompanhamento das atividades executadas com o equipamento e que interferem em seu desempenho. A possível utilização de água de forma ineficaz, com sistemas de irrigação dimensionados deficitariamente ou com necessidade de manutenção, reflete a necessidade da avaliação constante nos equipamentos. Este trabalho avaliou alguns parâmetros que podem modificar o desempenho de sistemas de irrigação por pivô central. Por meio dessa avaliação procurou-se trazer ao usuário do equipamento de irrigação informações sobre as modificações no desempenho dos equipamentos, ao longo de sua vida útil, relacionadas aos três parâmetros estudados: a) tempo de funcionamento do equipamento de irrigação,b) velocidade da água na parte aérea do equipamento e c) aplicação ou não de produtos químicos com a água de irrigação. Concluiu-se que: a) a avaliação do desempenho operacional de sistemas de irrigação tipo pivô central deve ser efetuada ao longo da vida útil dos equipamentos, visando orientar ajustes e correções periódicas nas condições operacionais que permitam otimizar a alocação da água e da energia. b) É recomendável analisar o desempenho dos equipamentos, adotando os três parâmetros empregados neste trabalho: o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC), o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD) e a Eficiência de Aplicação (EA).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brauer_rl_me_botfca.pdf: 786217 bytes, checksum: fdfb7a5da26b6d788caa4ede1650975d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Com o propósito de avaliar a susceptibilidade de dois tipos de gotejadores ao processo de entupimento por ferro, foi conduzido um experimento em uma bancada de ensaios no Laboratório de Ensaio de Equipamentos para Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – Campus de Botucatu. O ensaio corresponde ao processo de entupimento, e foram avaliados os seguintes modelos de gotejadores NaanDanJain: NaanPC laranja e NaanPC azul. Foram utilizados segmentos de tubos, totalizando 25 emissores, onde se mediu a vazão com a pressão de 150 KPa, com três repetições para cada gotejador. A água utilizada no ensaio foi proveniente do lago do Departamento de Engenharia Rural que é comumente utilizado para irrigações de experimentos. Posteriormente foram calculados: Vazão Média, Coeficiente de Variação de Vazão (C.V.Q), Uniformidade de Distribuição da Água (C.U.D), Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (C.U.C) e Vazão Relativa (V.R.). Foi utilizado delineamento experimental estatístico de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com fatorial 2x2x7, com três repetições, sendo o primeiro fator os tratamentos com ferro, o segundo fator os tipos de gotejadores e o terceiro fator o tempo. Os resultados obtidos não apontaram diferença significativa nas diferentes doses de ferro. Entretanto, os resultados apontaram diferença significativa na interação gotejador x tempo e coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e vazão relativa (V.R.) / The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of clogging by iron in two types of drippers using a test bank located at the Irrigation Experimental Laboratory in the Department of Agricultural Engineering of “Sao Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus of Botucatu, Sao Paulo state. The experiment aims to study the clogging process, evaluating 2 models of drippers NaanDanJain: NaanPC orange and NaanPC blue. It was used tube segments, totaling 25 drippers, using pressure of 150 kPa, with 3 repetitions for each dripper. The water used in the test was from the lake of the Department of Agricultural Engineering which is commonly used for irrigation experiments. It was calculated: the average discharge, the variation coefficient of discharge (CVQ), the uniformity coefficient of distribution (CUD), the uniformity coefficient of Christiansen (CUC) and the relative discharge (VR). It was used statistical experimental design of randomized blocks, with a 2x2x7 factorial with three replications, with the first factor treatment with iron, the second factor the types of drippers and the third factor the time. The results showed no significant difference in different doses of iron. However, the results indicated significant differences in drip x time interaction and the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) and relative discharge rate (VR)