Collaboration appears to be a magical solution for many problems when there is scarcity of resources, lack of knowledge or skills, and/or environmental threats. However, there is little knowledge about the nature of collaboration. A holistic conceptual framework was developed for the collaborative process, and the conceptualization process used systems thinking approach. The author has selectively chosen conceptualizations and/or research by a limited subset of scholars whose ideas appeared to be the most relevant and useful to explore the type of collaboration studied here. In other words, the selection of the literature was based on an eclectic selection. Multiple cases were used in this research to understand the factors that are components of collaborative effort among non-profit organizations and the relationships among those factors. This study also investigated the stages of collaborative process. Data were collected from 54 participants who were partners in collaborate projects funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). Among these 54 participants, 50 answered the online questionnaire and 38 received the telephone interviews. The data collected was analyzed using cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, internal consistency reliability, and descriptive statistics. The component factors of collaboration were grouped by the following seven concepts: trustworthiness, competence, dependency, misunderstanding and/or conflict, complexity, commitment and mechanism of coordination. This study showed twelve relationships among these factors. For instance, different points of view and partners' capacity to maintain inter-organizational relationships were found to be opposite concepts. In addition, the findings in this study indicate that 84% of participants reported the presence of the five pre-defined stages: execution, networking, definition, relationship, and common evaluation.

Em um contexto de crescimento do volume de transferências de recursos públicos para entidades do terceiro setor e, ainda, de aumento do número de parcerias do Estado com tais entidades, cresce também a importância do controle estatal sobre as suas políticas de fomento e sobre a aplicação dos recursos transferidos. Paralelamente, a mídia, os órgãos estatais de controle e a academia jurídica manifestam preocupações com a corrupção na destinação desses recursos e com a ineficiência no seu emprego. Todos ainda enfrentam o desafio de fortalecer o terceiro setor, simultaneamente ao fortalecimento do controle do fomento estatal. A legislação federal brasileira, contudo, ainda não trata do assunto com o devido cuidado. Há um descompasso entre a importância do tema para o país, de um lado, e a insuficiência da legislação que o rege, de outro. Com este pano de fundo, esta tese descreve, primeiramente, qual é o direito vigente em matéria de controle estatal das transferências de recursos públicos da União para o terceiro setor. Em segundo lugar, aponta alguns dos principais problemas deste direito. Finalmente, sugere soluções para o seu aperfeiçoamento. Como ponto de partida para essas três vertentes de investigação, a tese trabalha com a hipótese de que tal controle é disciplinado por uma complexa teia de textos normativos que necessita ser reformada. O resultado das investigações é a confirmação desta hipótese, à medida que são reunidas evidências de que o quadro normativo geral é demasiado complexo, lacônico, excessivamente talhado pela via infralegal, descompassado com a Constituição Federal e ainda ineficaz a despeito de suas últimas reformas , demandando, sim, uma reforma legislativa. Com inspiração em projetos e anteprojetos de lei, assim como nas experiências espanhola e estadunidense pertinentes ao assunto e, ainda, levando em conta o diagnóstico de problemas efetuado, a tese defende seis medidas para reforma da legislação brasileira. Sustenta que tais medidas podem contribuir para a solução de parcela importante dos problemas da legislação vigente, tornando o controle estatal das transferências de recursos públicos para o terceiro setor mais democrático e consentâneo com os princípios constitucionais da impessoalidade, publicidade, motivação e eficiência. / In a context of growth in the volume of government transfers to nonprofit organizations, as well as in the number of partnerships between the state and these entities, there is also a growing need for the state to control its own funding policies and the use of the transferred resources. Simultaneously, the media, the state controlling agencies and the legal academia manifest their concern with the corruption involved in the destination of those resources and the inefficiency in its application. They also face the challenge of strengthening the nonprofit sector while curbing illegal behavior and strengthening state control of government stimulus initiatives. The federal legislation, however, still does not cope with the matter in a cautious way. There is a mismatch between the importance of the subject to the country, on one hand, and the limitations of the legislation that should govern it, on the other hand. Against this backdrop, this thesis describes, first, what is the current law governing federal control of its own funding of nonprofit organizations. Second, it points out some of the key problems of the existing legislation. Finally, it suggests solutions for its improvement. As a starting point for these three lines of investigation, it works with the hypothesis that the state control over grants to nonprofits is regulated by a complex net of legal norms which needs to be reformed. The result of the investigations confirms this hypothesis, as the thesis assembles evidences of an existing legal framework extraordinarily complex, laconic, excessively tailored through regulations in lieu of statutes, not totally aligned with the Federal Constitution and inefficient in spite of its latest reforms all these characteristics demanding, unequivocally, a statutory reform. Taking into account the diagnosis made and with an inspiration in bills and other legislative proposals in Congress, as well as in the Spanish and American experiences in the matter, the thesis pinpoints a number of six initiatives for the reform of the Brazilian legislation. It sustains that these initiatives should contribute to the solution of an important part of the flaws of the existing legislation, turning the state control of governmental transfers to nonprofits more democratic and tuned with constitutional principles governing the public administration, such as equality, publicity, reasoning and efficiency.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 120589.pdf: 2541531 bytes, checksum: a8111a5c7cd7d36e4b97b2d39b422248 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation has as its theme the cost management on a nonprofit organization, focusing on accountability. The object of study is the Irmandade do Divino Espírito Santo, IDES/Promenor, based in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The data were analyzed in 2011 and 2012. In this scenario, the research question of the study focuses on: How to systematize the costs of a nonprofit organization so to contribute to building accountability? To do so, the main goal of this study was delimited. It consists in systematizing the costs of a nonprofit organization so to contribute to building accountability. The study consists of an exploratory research, conducted via case study, where the data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The research results show that the use of a costing method and the systematization of costs make it possible to show to managers (and other stakeholders) the return of the investments to society in general and, thus, subsidize the different routines of the organization, stressing, here, the timely information generated for the elaboration of accountability. / Esta dissertação tem como tema a gestão de custos em uma organização sem fins lucrativos com foco na prestação de contas. A organização objeto de estudo é a Irmandade do Divino Espírito Santo, IDES/Promenor, localizada em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Os dados foram analisados nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Nesse cenário, a questão norteadora do estudo concentra-se em: Como sistematizar os custos de uma organização sem fins lucrativos de modo a contribuir para a construção de prestação de contas? Para tanto, delimitou-se o objetivo geral da pesquisa, o qual consiste em sistematizar os custos de uma organização sem fins lucrativos de modo a contribuir para a construção de prestação de contas. O trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa exploratória, realizada por meio de um estudo de caso e os dados foram analisados de forma quantiqualitativa. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a utilização de um método de custeio e a sua sistematização possibilitam mostrar aos gestores (e demais interessados) o retorno dos investimentos à sociedade em geral e, dessa forma, subsidiar as diferentes rotinas da entidade, destacando, aqui, a informação tempestiva gerada para a elaboração da prestação de contas.

The dissertation deals with trafficking of foreigners for the purpose of forced labour and other forms of exploitation. The goal of the work is to evaluate measures taken by state authorities and nonprofit sector with regard to the original causes. The first part of the dissertation shows a brief aspect into the issue. Further follow specific causes of trafficking of foreigners in the Czech Republic. This part is concluded by analysis of individual measures, which are also divided into nonprofit sector and public authorities. The second part of the dissertation aims (through 10 case studies) to confirm or refute the allegations which were found in the first part of the work.

The thesis is limited to the contextualization of the Third Sector and its most relevant aspects: public promotion and control. Initially are appreciated the issues relating to the not-for-profit sector of civil society within the evolution of the democratic and social State governed by the rule of law, and as a result of the reform of the State. Later on, it searches the identification of non-profit organizations that make up the Third Sector through concepts constructed by doctrine. On the issue of public promotion of social interest entities, it exposes the existing forms in Brazilian legislation, namely, social subvention, social aid and contribution, on the basis of administrative law foreigner and Brazilian, emphasizing the legal instruments agreement, partnership contract and management contract , maintained between the public authorities and those entities, with basis on federal legislation. After all, it highlights the social control and control by results, through critical examination of administrative and legal mechanisms of control and supervision carried out by the Public Prosecutor Office and the Court of Auditors (General Accounting Office United States of America). In this way, the research is essentially literary and jurisprudential lifted from the legislation, doctrine, and jurisprudence regarding the Third Sector, by referring to books, magazines and articles in addition to the internet. / A dissertação cinge-se à contextualização do Terceiro Setor e de seus aspectos mais relevantes: o fomento público e o controle. Inicialmente são apreciadas as questões atinentes ao terceiro pilar da sociedade civil dentro da evolução do Estado de Direito Social e Democrático e em decorrência da Reforma do Estado. Adiante, busca-se, nos conceitos construídos pela doutrina, a identificação de entidades sem fins lucrativos que compõem o Terceiro Setor. No tema do fomento público às entidades de interesse social, expõem-se as formas existentes no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, a saber, subvenção social, auxílio e contribuição, com fundamento no direito administrativo estrangeiro e pátrio, enfatizando-se os instrumentos legais convênio, termo de parceria e contrato de gestão , mantidos entre o Poder Público e essas entidades, com fundamento na legislação federal. Afinal, destacam-se o controle social e o controle por resultados, mediante exame crítico dos mecanismos administrativos e jurídicos de controle e fiscalização realizados pelo Ministério Público e pelo Tribunal de Contas. Destarte, a pesquisa é essencialmente literária e jurisprudencial, levantada a partir da legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência a respeito do Terceiro Setor, consultando-se livros, revistas e artigos além da internet.

The Athletic Association of Sergipe was an institution created as one of the elements that has been serving the interests of the political-ideological deployed by the Republican government in the early twentieth century. However, this assertion was based on some evidence that over study were being revealed. The overall goal of the work, which was a critical analysis of educational practices, cultural representations that have been reproduced and incorporated by this institution during the study period, gave us the opportunity to confirm the initial hypothesis. However, to reach this definition was necessary to walk in other dimensions that were submerged in the time and origin of the problem statement. The first dimension tried to give an overview of the changes in political, economic and social development of Brazil brought about by the advent of the establishment of the Republic and its possible consequences in the context Sergipe where this institution was created. The second dimension opted to try to understand the historical aspects that conceptualized and formed a functional and organizational framework of voluntary associations in Brazil and worldwide, as well as factors related to the field of their various assignments. Given the facts, we find that the offer to elite Aracaju, as a place of entertainment, leisure and above all strengthening consolidation of social relations, the Athletic Association of Sergipe just fulfilling its role of disseminating agent of the Republic. / A Associação Atlética de Sergipe foi uma instituição criada como um dos elementos que esteve a serviço dos interesses do projeto político-ideológico implantado pelo governo republicano no início do século XX. No entanto, esta afirmação foi feita com base em algumas evidências que ao longo do trabalho foram sendo reveladas. O objetivo geral do trabalho, que foi a análise criteriosa das práticas educativas, como representações culturais que foram reproduzidas e incorporadas por esta instituição no decorrer do período estudado, deu-nos a possibilidade de confirmar a hipótese inicial. Porém, para chegar a esta definição, foi preciso caminhar por outras dimensões que estiveram o tempo todo submersas na origem e na afirmação do problema. A primeira dimensão tratou de traçar um panorama das mudanças ocorridas no cenário político, econômico e social do Brasil trazidas à luz pelo advento da implantação da República e, as suas possíveis consequências no contexto sergipano onde esta instituição foi criada. A segunda dimensão optou por tentar compreender os aspectos históricos que conceituaram e formaram um quadro organizativo e funcional das associações voluntárias no Brasil e no mundo, bem como aos fatores relacionados ao campo das suas diversas atribuições. Diante dos fatos, percebemos que ao oferecer-se a elite aracajuana, como um espaço de entretenimento, de lazer e, sobretudo, de fortalecimento e consolidação das relações sociais, a Associação Atlética de Sergipe acabou cumprindo o seu papel de agente disseminador da República.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-08-24T11:44:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 fabiana_carvalho2018.pdf: 1450288 bytes, checksum: 4d4d808cc99f79329a8073654da43c75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 fabiana_carvalho2018.pdf: 1450288 bytes, checksum: 4d4d808cc99f79329a8073654da43c75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / The SD-Logic is an approach in which service is the basis of the system of exchanges. At the heart of this approach lies the assumption that value creation is established through interaction among companies, customers and other stakeholders. In this environment, companies are pressured to take a more participatory approach, which has been greatly facilitated by online communities hosted on social media. These platforms have assumed unprecedented importance for the communication among customers and organizations, whether they are commercial or not and are conducive channels to value co-creation. Since the SD-Logic perspective outweighs the traditional commodity exchange paradigm, the study analyzed the value co-creation in an online community of an internationally known nonprofit organization and its relationship towards community’s engagement and to the brand’s loyalty. The research took into account the representativeness of nonprofits organizations to society, and the broadening of the challenges to attract and retain volunteers. To reach the proposed goal, a survey was conducted with 534 community members. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM), with estimation of the Partial Least Squares - Path modelling (PLS-PM), through the tools offered by SmartPLS 3 software. The results supported the conceptual model of value co-creation in online communities of NPOs, indicating that community members base their value assessments on three elements: Experience, Interpersonal Interaction, and Social Relationships. These elements significantly explained the commitment towards the community and to the brand’s loyalty, validating the importance of this marketing strategy also in the NPO context. Theoretical and practical implications of these outcomes are discussed, as well as the limitations and indications for future researches. / A Lógica Dominante do Serviço (LDS) é uma abordagem na qual o serviço é a base do sistema de trocas. No cerne dessa abordagem, reside assunção de que a criação de valor é estabelecida por meio da interação entre empresas, clientes e demais stakeholders. Nesse ambiente, as empresas são pressionadas a realizar uma abordagem mais participativa, que tem sido amplamente facilitada pelas comunidades online hospedadas nas mídias sociais. Essas plataformas têm assumindo uma importância sem precedentes para a comunicação entre clientes e organizações, sejam elas comerciais ou não, e constituem canais propícios à cocriação de valor. Uma vez que a perspectiva da LDS supera o paradigma tradicional que se baseava na troca de mercadorias, o estudo analisou a cocriação de valor na comunidade online de uma organização sem fins lucrativos (OSFL) internacionalmente conhecida, e a relação da cocriação com o comprometimento com a comunidade e com a lealdade à marca. A pesquisa levou em consideração a representatividade das organizações sem fins lucrativos para a sociedade, e a ampliação dos desafios para atrair e manter voluntários. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foi realizado um survey com 534 membros da comunidade. Os dados coletados foram analisados empregando-se a modelagem de equações estruturais (Structural Equation Models - SEM), com estimação dos “Mínimos Quadrados Parciais” (PLS-PM), por meio das ferramentas oferecidas pelo software SmartPLS 3. Os resultados apoiaram o modelo conceitual de cocriação de valor em comunidades online de OSFL’s, indicando que os membros da comunidade baseiam suas avaliações de valor em três elementos: Experiência, Interação Interpessoal e Relações Sociais. Esses elementos explicaram, significativamente, o comprometimento com a comunidade e a lealdade à marca, validando a importância dessa estratégia de marketing também no contexto OSFL’s. As implicações teóricas e práticas desses resultados são discutidas, bem como as limitações e indicações para futuras pesquisas.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / Social welfare services are essential for development of human capital and eradication of poverty in South Africa generally. Social welfare plays a pivotal role in enabling the impoverished and vulnerable communities and households to lead their lives through provision of care, social relief, stability and human resource development. Non-Governmental Organisations form an integral part of the welfare system through their formal and informal welfare and residential and non-residential welfare services. The role of the NGOs becomes imperative precisely because of their inherent empathy and proximity to the communities they serve. Government itself has been engaged in the process of transformation and the same challenges of transformation, governance, and effectiveness still profound the NGO sector. Notwithstanding the contribution of the NGOs in the welfare system, it is crucial to scrutinise the nature of their work and the rate of transformation to flourish in the democratic dispensation. To enhance the process of transformation in the NGO sector, government passed a plethora of policies and legislative requirements, inter alia, White Paper for Social Welfare 1997, Non-Profit Organisations Act of 1997. The intent of this research therefore, was to establish the significance of transformation and inherent issues of governance, effectiveness and efficiency in service delivery and sustainability of the nature of social welfare services rendered by the NGO sector in the Western Cape, particularly the Worcester district. / South Africa

Le but de notre thèse est d'étudier l'émergence d'une vision partagée au sein des équipes entrepreneuriales associatives. Nous considérons tout d'abord l'approche traditionnelle militante qui met en avant des actions collectives des bénévoles et des salariés prenant part au développement de l'association. Nous intégrons ensuite la littérature sur l'entrepreneuriat social davantage orientée vers la réalisation efficace d'une finalité sociale. Nous considérons ces deux approches comme deux formes possibles de l'entrepreneuriat en association. Nous désignons en tant qu’équipe entrepreneuriale le groupe d'individus de taille variable, portant le projet et impulsant l'organisation vers sa réalisation. Nous étudions comment les membres de cette équipe se positionnent entre ces deux visions afin d'analyser les risques de divisions, mais aussi les possibilités d'émergence d'une vision partagée. Suivant une approche psychosociologique, nous conceptualisons la notion de vision en termes de représentation sociale. Nous analysons la confrontation entre ces deux représentations comme une étape d'un cycle à travers lequel les acteurs ajustent leur vision à la réalité. Nous expliquons ainsi comment des pratiques en provenance de l'entrepreneuriat social sont développées au sein des équipes entrepreneuriales associatives. Sur la base de 48 entretiens semi-directifs et d'une étude de cas complète, nos données permettent de comprendre les mécanismes suivant lesquels la vision émerge et évolue. Notre modèle de recherche part de l'écart existant entre l'idéal de la vision et la réalité des pratiques. Entre les deux, des mécanismes, à la fois opératoires et psychosociologiques, favorisent l'adaptation, autrement dit permettent « d'affronter » le réel à partir de l'idée. A partir des travaux de Weick (1979), nous montrons que face à des situations conflictuelles entre les membres porteurs des deux visions de l'association, la « rétention » de l'une ou de l'autre passe, au-delà des discussions, par leur « mise en acte » gestionnaire. / The purpose of this thesis is to study how a shared vision can emerge among the members of the entrepreneurial teams managing nonprofit organizations. We first examine the grassroots approach that emphasizes the collective action of volunteers and employees working together in the development of the association. We then consider social entrepreneurship literature focusing on the effective achievement of social goals. We integrate these two visions as two possible forms of entrepreneurship in nonprofit organizations. We identify the entrepreneurial team as a group of individuals working together toward the development of the objectives of the nonprofit organization and their achievement. We analyze how the different members of the team position themselves with regard to these two visions to analyze the risk of divisions, but also the possibility of the emergence of a shared vision. Adopting a socio-psychological approach, we conceptualize the notion of a shared vision in terms of social representations. We integrate the confrontation between these two representations as part of a cycle through which actors adjust their vision to fit reality. We then go on to study and explain how social entrepreneurship practices are introduced and develop within the entrepreneurial team of nonprofit organizations.Based on 48 semi-structured interviews and a full case study, the data collected contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which the shared vision emerges and evolves. Our research model highlights the distance between the ideal of the vision and the reality in practice. Between this ideal and the reality, operational and psychological processes are at work. Drawing on Weick (1979), when members of the entrepreneurial team are divided between two visions of their non-profit organization, the “retention” of one or the other is the consequence of managerial “enactment” rather than discussion.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy: Management Sciences (Peace Studies), Duban University of Technology, 2017. / Local peacebuilding practices require a systematic and reflective analysis in order for them to bring an impact. Successful peacebuilding pivots on the development of a set of skills to attend to the challenges presented by the conflict. The study was inspired by an observation that the emergence of CSOs working on peacebuilding in Zimbabwe was happening in a context where there was no proper training and organisational capacity development. Using an action-research design, and a case study of two CSOs operating in Bindura and Mazowe Districts in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe, the study involved a sample group of fifty-seven participants, and included a core Action Research Team (ART) of twelve participants to initiate the process of capacity development related to peacebuilding in Zimbabwe. Interviews, Focus Group Discussions, Document studies were used in a triangulation approach to enhance validity and reliability of the process. The preliminary assessment revealed that the peacebuilding environment in the two districts is highly polarised. There is a combination of both direct and indirect violence in the area. The state as well as traditional institutions are active perpetrators of both direct and indirect violence in the two district. The use of Local Peace Committees and the workshop method has not reaped the desired outcomes owing to the polarization. After a preliminary assessment of the peacebuilding environment in the area as well as a critique of the peacebuilding models being used by the two organisations, we then set out on a process of identifying strengths and weaknesses in both the programming as well as the delivery of the projects in the communities. A series of focus group discussions and organisational document analysis of the two organisations, we eventually agreed on the development of a training module for the Action Research Team. Five thematic issues were identified as forming the basis of the intervention programme. The five thematic issues were on the conceptual issues of conflict, violence and peace in a local context, conflict analysis skills, conflict sensitive programming, culture, conflict and change and lastly basic counselling skills for peacebuilders. A three-day training workshop was then held in order to develop capacity relating to the thematic issues. The short term evaluation of the intervention showed that the training was successful as the participants had already started implementing some of the new knowledge and skills. / D