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There is an under-developed scale of research conducted on sustainable production and consumption of environmentally friendly packaging Tanzania. Using the main concepts from institutional theory along with the diffusion of innovation model, this paper will examine the environmentally friendly packaging innovations in the Tanzanian food and beverage industry. The purpose of this research is to understand the factors that enable adoption. It suggests that mimetic, coercive and normative pressures exist within manufacturing firms that can regulate and coordinate solutions. A level of understanding of perceived fidelity and perceived effort required were established to develop conditions where firms can create strategies for the adoption environmentally sustainable packaging. The research setting is in the manufacturing industry. The data gathered for this study was collected by distributing a survey to respondents using convenience and snow-balling technique. Manufacturing businesses and packaging suppliers of the food and beverage industry participated. The respondents were requested to forward the survey by passing on the google form link to business owners, company CEOs, CFOs, COOs. 29 firm responses from the target population were measured to establish the pressures that they face and their intention to adopt. After applying regression analysis to the data, coercive pressure and intention to adopt with perceived fidelity as a moderator suggested a significant relationship. Similarly, perceived effort required positively moderated the relationship between mimetic pressure and intention to adopt. However, the results showed that no significant relationship from each of the three isomorphic constructs namely normative, mimetic and coercive and intention to adopt. This was contradictory to previous researchers of isomorphic pressures and should be subjected to future research. / Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Ever since its establishment, the European Union has consistently advocated its values of democracy and freedom. Over the course of the last ten years, however, these values have come to be challenged by democratic backsliding, which constitutes a new phenomenon within the Union. One of the countries that has been subject to the most severe democratic decline is Poland, which today no longer classifies as a consolidated democracy. Despite Poland´s repeated neglect of the EU values, the fulfillment of which is required to join, Poland is still a full-fledged member of the EU.  The aim of this paper is to examine in what ways the EU has exercised its normative power in order to prevent Poland´s continuous democratic backsliding and determine the reasons for its failure. Results find that the EU has taken multiple actions against Poland, however with a less successful outcome. The reasons for the EUs unsuccess consist of internal divisions between member states and its legal procedures often being protracted and too complicated. Although the EU has yet to fulfill its legal actions against Poland there are signs indicating a slight change providing hope for the future.

This paper aims to study how the EU has maintained social, economic, cultural and political rights during Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The material used in this essay is official EU document from the different organs of the EU. To answer the question presented in the essay, both different human rights and Normative Power Europe have been used to see how the EU promoted the different human rights based on the idea that the EU is a normative power. To study this subject a text analysis has been used. By using this method, the study has found that social, economic, cultural and political rights all have been maintained by the EU in some way. Especially social and political rights and that the theory Normative Power Europe is applicable.

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This study is a qualitative case study which aims to examine how the European Union enlargement politics might affect democratic reforms in Serbia which is a candidate country to the union. To achieve this, two questions were used: 1. How has the EU used normative power to get Serbia to implement democratic reforms and therefore improve their democratic status? 2. Has the EU succeeded, or failed, in getting Serbia to improve democratic reforms? The theoretical framework the study is based on is Ian Manners theory about normative power. Manners emphasized six strategies on how norms and values that the EU maintains are spread. The study uses documents and reports from the European Unions, as well as Freedom House, V-Dem, Transparency International and The World Justice Project. The conclusions that can be drawn from the study is that the EU uses different strategies to get Serbia to implement reforms to improve their democratic status. Despite this, Serbia has completed limited reforms and therefore the conclusion is that EU use of normative power has only been partially successful.

This thesis deals with the discussions on the ‘Normative Power Europe’ thesis, EU enlargement, conditionality and compliance, and the extent to which rational and ideational forces are mutually exclusive in this context. Through a qualitative case study of Turkey, it will investigate to what extent the EU can be seen as possessing and exercising normative power through its enlargement policy. The findings, based on fieldwork conducted in Istanbul during April 2013, suggest that rather than being mutually exclusive, rational and normative processes occur simultaneously and independently, sometimes even reinforcing each other.

The purpose of this study is to explore how racial and gender discrimination is reproduced in concrete workplace settings even when anti-discrimination policies are present, and to understand the various reactions utilized by those who commonly experience it. I have selected a particular medical center, henceforth referred to by a pseudonym, “The Bliley Medical Center” as my case study. In order to examine the gaps between the normative component instituted to regulate human behavior and the behavioral component in a workplace setting, I will employ critical race theory and feminist theories of intersectionality. The works of critics such as Delgado and Stefancic, Patricia Williams, and Patricia Hill Collins, among others, foreground the utility of storytelling as a means to 1) understand the gaps between formal policies and organizational behavior, 2) call attention to the experiential knowledge and evidence that is traditionally excluded in discrimination cases, and (3) to explain how formal anti-discrimination policies can actually be used to legitimize discrimination. Based on the results of this case study, we can conclude that an alternative interactionist, critical race, and intersectional approach is especially needed in terms of calling attention to traditionally ignored social processes that aid in the reproduction of workplace inequality in concrete workplace settings, thus expanding the current workplace discrimination scholarship. / Master of Science