The purpose of the thesis is to provide a view into most significant modes of promissory note abusive conduct. This view consists of thorough analysis of sources, modes of operation, impacts and available prevention of issues related to promissory note and bill of exchange abuse. The domestic case law has been the primary source of the thesis. However, relevant literature and applicable laws have been reflected as well. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with a brief historical introduction of the law of promissory notes and its deviations from private law concerning especially the ones related to promissory note abusive conduct. The current situation in the field of promissory notes in Czech Republic is also reviewed in this chapter. The second chapter is focused on the abstract nature of obligations arising from the promissory notes as from negotiable instruments. Furthermore, excessive claims based on security promissory note, separation of the security promissory note from secured receivable and abuse of the aval guarantee are introduced and examined. The third chapter provides a comprehensive view into incomplete instruments and agreements necessary to transfer them into negotiable instruments. The incomplete instrument abuse is also reviewed and distinguished...

This Thesis concentrates on special instruments of the Bill of Exchange - aval, protest and domicile. The Paper describes their legal framework and currentcase law.The Thesis is divided into three parts, each of which is dedicated to one of the above mentioned institutes of the Bill of Exchange. A case fom author's law practice is included in the chapter dedicated to aval. It specifically elaborates on particularities of the Bill of Exhange avalation. The chapter about protest analyses the author's survey (2013)in which a couple of Czech municipal administrations were requested to certify a protest of a Bill of Exchange.

The purpose of my thesis, bearing the title "The principle of draft rigorousness (rigor cambii) in the perspective of Czech substantive and procedural law", is to analyze the term of draft rigorousness as well as to consider its influence on chosen institutes of the draft law. The reason to choose such topic for my thesis is my deep interest in this area of law, thanks to its precise regulation and rich history of evolvement of individual draft institutes. The paper is divided into five parts, where the introductory part is followed by three major chapters and the conclusion. The first of the chapters is called The Draft rigorousness, the second The Term of draft rigorousness and the third The Individual categories of draft rigorousness. The first chapter briefly outlines the characteristics of draft law as such with reference to the rigorousness of draft law in comparison to the general legal regulation. Furthermore it provides a comparison of the continental and Anglo-Saxon draft law in terms of formality and rigorousness of the regulation. The second chapter of my thesis focuses on the term of draft rigorousness itself and attempts to define its substantiality. The issue studied is whether to understand the term of draft rigorousness only as an attribute of the draft regulation, or if it should...

- The concept of a bill of exchange and promissory note I have chosen the topic of the Thesis "The concept of a bill of exchange and promissory note" particularly due to the fact that I have become interested gradually in the issue of bills of exchange and promissory notes and in particular bill of exchange and promissory note essentials during the seminars of the commercial law and writing of the thesis has been an opportunity for me to extend my knowledge, concerning this institute. I got intrigued by the bills of exchange and promissory notes, particularly by their remarkably constant and permanent legislation in conjunction with specific requirements for formal quality, which is typical for bills of exchange and promissory notes. In my opinion, the bills of exchange are widely used instrument in our daily life, whose features and drawbacks their users may not even realize. It is for that reason, that the bill of exchange and promissory note essentials need increased attention due to their fundamental importance. The aim of my thesis has been to analyze primarily individual bill of exchange and promissory note essentials with the use of literature, and also of the rich case law, which relates to this theme. The thesis consists of four chapters, with the first chapter entitled "Introduction to...

O presente estudo, alinhado às recentes tendências doutrinárias e aos anseios dos setores econômicos, visa avaliar as práticas mercantis e o ambiente normativo brasileiro para ponderar sobre a necessidade e possibilidade de substituição do papel por documentos eletrônicos na criação de títulos de crédito, realizando uma avaliação da desmaterialização no âmbito dos títulos de crédito em geral para, em seguida, direcionar o foco da avaliação sobre a desmaterialização da Cédula de Crédito Bancário. A estrutura jurídica dos títulos de crédito surge com a finalidade econômica de propiciar um mecanismo simples, rápido e seguro de circulação de riquezas, tendo sido construída ao redor do papel da cártula de modo que no presente trabalho são apresentadas ponderações sobre a aptidão do documento eletrônico, concebido a partir das inovações tecnológicas verificadas nas últimas décadas do século XX, para instrumentalizar um título de crédito apto ao atendimento da finalidade econômica que fundamentou sua criação. Em sua essência, os títulos de crédito são documentos cuja criação dá origem a uma nova obrigação, a obrigação cambiária a qual tem suas condições e características descritas no próprio documento que lhe serve de suporte material. Desde a sua origem na Idade Média, o papel desempenha a função de suporte material do título de crédito, a ponto de a própria circulação dos direitos decorrentes da obrigação cambiária confundir-se com a circulação física da cártula, de modo que a avaliação dos impactos jurídicos oriundos da transição do suporte material desta obrigação para um meio incorpóreo é o tema central deste trabalho. / In accordance with the latest doctrinal trends and economic sectors´ concerns, this work aims to evaluate the Brazilian market practices and legal environment in order to consider about the necessity and the possibility of the adoption of computer-based documents, instead of paper-based documents, in the creation of negotiable instruments. The evaluation is conducted through the review of the dematerialization process regarding the negotiable instruments in general to then direct the focus on the Bank Credit Note dematerialization. The negotiable instruments legal concept arises together with the economic purpose of providing a simple, fast and safe mechanism of circulation of wealth and having been built around the paper-based documents. Considering that, this work intends to analyze the computer-based documents characteristics designed by the technological innovations occurred in the last decades of the twentieth century, in order to confirm their ability to create negotiable instruments able to fulfill the expected economics purposes. In their essence, the negotiable instruments are documents whose creation gives rise to a new obligation, which has its conditions and characteristics content in the document. The paper-based document acts as the vehicle of negotiable instruments since its origin in the Middle Ages and the circulation of wealth has been based on the physical delivery of the paper-based document. The assessment of the legal impacts arising from the substitution of the physical paper-based documents of the negotiable instruments for an intangible vehicle is the central theme of this work.

(in English) The thesis looks at interpreter's notes that are taken during consecutive interpreting. The thesis focuses on note-taking of numbers and links, two elements that are generally recommended to write down. The theoretical part briefly summarizes information about the topic and looks at the note-taking handbook by Andrew Gillies (2017). Based on the thesis of Kateřina Matrasová (2012), the empirical part presents two experiments to find out if numbers and links are captured. The experiments were carried out on two groups of students from the Institute of Translation Studies at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University: 9 students from the 3rd year of the BA study programme English for Intercultural Communication and 6 students from the 2nd year of the follow-up MA study programme Interpreting: Czech and English. The analysis of the students' notes in the 1st experiment shows that in total the students noted down correctly 20 out of 25 numbers reaching an 80 per cent success rate. The MA students had better results (an 88 per cent success rate compared to 75 per cent success rate of the BA students). It can be seen that all the students had a system of noting numbers and that this system proved helpful to them. The 2nd experiment indicates that the students are less likely to capture links in...

The psychological research on music and emotion supports how the two concepts have always been intertwined. The most common line of research in this field is related to the commonly experienced phenomenon that major chords sound happy while minor chords sound sad. This proposed study takes a specific extended major chord (the Vadd11 chord) and tests whether the V chord with a color note, an added 11, has a significantly different emotional impact on listeners as compared to a V chord without an 11. The chord will be played within a I-V-I progression so that the Vadd11 chord is given musical context. Participants are asked to rate the how emotional the progression is and to indicate their preference between the two chords. Both piano and strings timbres will be tested. The chord progression change is hypothesized to cause a significantly increased emotional impact. Multiple confounding variables will be examined within the study (specifically cultural musical background, or what culture’s music participants listened to in their upbringing, and musical sophistication, or how musically adept participants are). Neither of these variables nor the timbre are anticipated to affect the changes in emotional reaction.

Cell phone ownership among student populations is approaching ubiquity and many cell phone owners interact with their devices frequently throughout the day. Since cell phones often hold the power to connect and entertain their owners at any given moment, it is possible that students' increased proximity to cell phones during a classroom lecture may lead to increased distraction from academic tasks. This study investigated whether the mere presence of a cell phone, self-reported general frequency of cell phone use, and anxiety related to being separated from one’s cell phone were related to classroom lecture outcomes. Undergraduate participants (N=72) unknowingly signed up for one of three groups: phone-on-desk, phone-under-desk, or phone-at-front-of-room. In each condition, participants were asked to take notes during a video lecture; their protocols were subsequently scored for lecture note quantity, lecture note quality, and performance on a lecture content quiz. After controlling for self-reported general cell phone use frequency and cell phone separation anxiety, results indicated participants who had their phones on their desks during the lecture wrote more complete ideas in their notes than participants who had their phones under their desks or at the front of the room. Additional analyses indicated the phone-on-desk group wrote significantly more propositions and complete ideas in their notes than the other two groups. These outcomes fall in the direction opposite to the stated hypothesis. Future investigations should consider students’ habituation to having their cell phones present and the possibility that the absence of one’s cell phone could be distracting enough to suppress academic performance.

Malgré l'essor de l'Extraction d'Information et le développement de nombreuses applications dédiées lors de ces vingt dernières années, cette tâche rencontre des problèmes lorsqu'elle est réalisée sur des textes atypiques comme des Notes de Communication Orale.<br />Les Notes de Communication Orale sont des textes issus de prises de notes réalisées lors d'une communication orale (entretien, réunion, exposé, etc.) et dont le but est de synthétiser le contenu informatif de la communication. Leurs contraintes de rédaction (rapidité et limitation de la quantité d'écrits) sont à l'origine de particularités linguistiques auxquelles sont mal adaptées les méthodes classiques de Traitement Automatique des Langues et d'Extraction d'Information. Aussi, bien qu'elles soient riches en informations, elles ne sont pas exploitées par les systèmes extrayant des informations à partir de textes.<br />Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthode d'extraction adaptée aux Notes de Communication Orale. Cette méthode, nommée MEGET, est fondée sur une ontologie modélisant les connaissances contenues dans les textes et intéressantes du point de vue des informations recherchées (« ontologie d'extraction »). Cette ontologie est construite en unifiant une « ontologie des besoins », décrivant les informations à extraire, avec une « ontologie des termes », conceptualisant les termes du corpus à traiter liés avec ces informations. L'ontologie des termes est élaborée à partir d'une terminologie extraite des textes et enrichie par des termes issus de documents spécialisés. L'ontologie d'extraction est représentée par un ensemble de règles formelles qui sont fournies comme base de connaissance au système d'extraction SYGET. Ce système procède d'abord à un étiquetage des instances des éléments de l'ontologie d'extraction présentes dans les textes, puis extrait les informations recherchées. Cette approche est validée sur plusieurs corpus.

Visualization of Sensory Perception Descriptors is a topic in the field of Information Visualization. It is concentrated on the research and development of methods for analyses of data related with human modalities description. One possibility for investigating sensory perception descriptors is analyzing a great number of wine tasting notes. This thesis is concerned with the visualization of wine tasting notes in order to aid linguistic analyses. It strives to find proper visualizations that will give a better insight into the language used in wine tasting notes. Two main processes are described in the following report. First it sets out the process of researching of different methods of information visualization that led to the final approach for representing the data. A number of concepts for text analyses are discussed and the most useful of them are developed further. Several approaches for text visualization and statistical information are combined to build a system for tasting notes analyses. The second part of the report describes the process of developing a prototype that implements the represented approaches and gives an opportunity for real testing and conclusions.