Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_lgq_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 430417 bytes, checksum: 842821d6558c1e81835942c980421262 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A absorção aparente dos nutrientes contidos em alguns ingredientes protéicos e fosfatos inorgânicos, pela tilápia do Nilo, foi comparada em três diferentes fases de crescimento. Os ingredientes testados foram farinha de peixe, farinha de vísceras de aves, farinha de carne e ossos, glúten de milho, farelo de soja, farelo de algodão, fosfato mono bicálcico, fosfato bicálcico, fosfato mono potássico e ácido fosfórico. A absorção de nutrientes foi determinada com peixes representando as fases de desenvolvimento: crescimento (25g), engorda (250g) e acabamento (500g). Concluiu-se que a capacidade da tilápia do Nilo para digerir os alimentos e absorver os nutrientes é dependente do peso corporal e das características do alimento avaliado; houve tendência de melhor aproveitamento de nutrientes dos alimentos de origem animal e fontes inorgânicas pelos peixes juvenis. Os peixes em engorda e acabamento mostraram melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes das fontes protéicas de origem vegetal, quando comparados com os peixes mais novos. / Apparent absorption of nutrients contained in several protein ingredients and inorganic phosphates by Nile tilapia were compared in three different stage growth. The ingredients tested were fish meal, chicken by-product meal, meat and bone meal, corn gluten, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, mono-bi-calcium phosphate, bi-calcium phosphate, mono-potassium phosphate and phosphoric acid. Nutrient absorption was determined by fish in three different stage of growth cycle: nursery phase (25g), growout-I phase (250g) and growout-II phase (500g). It was concluded that, the ability of Nile tilapia to digest feed and absorb nutrients is dependent on body weight and characteristics of food evaluated; there was better utilization of nutrients from animal protein and inorganic sources for fish in nursery phase; growout I and growout II phases showed better use of protein plant sources, when compared with younger fish.

The influence of sea ice seeding on the northern Baltic Sea´s pelagic phytoplankton spring bloom was studied in a laboratory experiment in which microcosms mimicked sea conditions. On March 26th, 2018, samples (ice cores and seawater) were taken from land-fast ice at a coastal station in the Gulf of Bothnia. The seeding experiment lasted for 9 days, during which a 12:12 hours light:dark incubation took place. Four different treatments (two with ice and two without it) were set up in twelve incubated microcosms. Samples for analyses were taken on days 0, 3, 6 and 9. On day 0, measurements were carried out on four melted ice cores and on seawater. On the remaining days analyses were performed on the incubated microcosms. The measured variables were: chlorophyll a, phytoplankton abundance, bacterial abundance, conductivity and nutrients (TDN and TDP). The most abundant algal species were identified in a qualitative analysis. The obtained data were processed to calculate the average and standard deviations and to assess the existence of statistically significant differences among the treatments. A significant increase in chlorophyll a, phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria abundances was detected. A parallel decline in the nutrient concentrations was observed. A relationship between phytoplankton´s degree of influence and cell-size is suggested: cells > 3µm were more abundant in ice than in seawater, and the opposite tendency was appreciated for cells < 3 µm. My study shows that sea ice seeding can have a marked seeding effect on the size structure of the spring phytoplankton bloom.

Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv and Cons Biol) / This study evaluated the nutritional quality of the forage plants in Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld vegetation in the Kamiesberg uplands of the Leliefontein communal area, South Africa. Determining the quality of forages is one of the most important factors necessary for the effective management of rangelands as it impacts on the nutrient needs of animals and consequently, the grazing capacity in rangelands. The edible portions of various forage plants were collected in the wet and dry seasons in 2012 and 2013 after which the nutritional quality (mineral nutrient content; crude protein (CP); fibre, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF); dry matter digestibility (DMD); dry matter intake (DMI); metabolizeable energy (ME); and relative forage value (RFV)) as well as the anti-nutritional quality (total phenolics (TP); condensed tannins (CT); and silicon (Si) concentrations) of the plants were determined. Plants were thereafter grouped into their respective growth forms: grasses (15 species), herbs (15 species), leaf succulents (17 species), non-succulents (134 species), reeds (7 species), trees (8 species) and stem succulents (2 species) for statistical analyses. There were generally only a few significant differences for each forage growth form, when comparing the nutritional and anti-nutritional qualities between the two seasons. Certain forage types such as leaf succulents were found to have a high nutritional value in terms of their mineral nutrient content, CP, DMD and ME , but were also found to contain high concentrations of one or more anti-nutritional factors. However, within each season, results showed that for both the nutritional quality and anti-nutritional quality, there was a significant difference between the different growth forms within each season. This suggests that both of these quality parameters are essential in order to draw meaningful conclusions regarding forage quality of these semi-arid rangeland plants. Further research is needed at the species level to determine what plant species are the most nutritious in terms of both nutritional and anti-nutritional quality in order to inform the potential production of these species on a commercial scale.

A indústria curtumeira gera quantidades significativas de efluentes com altos níveis de nitrogênio. Este trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar os fatores que contribuem para os altos teores de nitrogênio nos efluentes de curtume, entre eles, os produtos químicos utilizados no processamento do couro, as etapas que mais influenciam nestes teores, a influência do tempo e quantificar o total de nitrogênio liberado em cada etapa por quilograma de pele processada. Os testes foram realizados em peles salgadas e testadas duas formulações distintas, coletando-se amostras dos banhos no final de cada etapa, a fim de avaliar as quantidades de nitrogênio individualmente nestes efluentes. Posteriormente, foram analisadas as etapas considerando a influência do tempo na liberação de nitrogênio processando-se separadamente pedaços de peles salgadas, com apenas uma das formulações e deixando cada etapa por, pelo menos, 24 horas com coletas de banho ao longo do processo. Os métodos utilizados para se determinar os teores de nitrogênio nos banhos residuais foram Nitrogênio Total Kjeldahl (NTK), Nitrogênio Amoniacal (N-NH3), Carbono Orgânico Total (TOC) e Proteína Solúvel. Informações técnicas dos produtos químicos indicam que alguns deles têm nitrogênio em suas composições. Com base nisso, fizeram-se ensaios de NTK nos produtos que poderiam conter nitrogênio. Os resultados detectaram nitrogênio nas amostras desses produtos analisados, porém não em quantidades muito significativas. A partir dos resultados dos experimentos de processamento das peles foram calculadas as quantidades de nitrogênio, carbono e proteínas totais solúveis geradas por quilograma de pele processada. Para este cálculo, foram utilizados os resultados obtidos de NTK, TOC e proteínas totais solúveis, os volumes de banhos de cada etapa e a massa inicial da pele que estava sendo processada. Os resultados de liberação de nitrogênio por quilograma de pele processada (5,07 g/kg pele processada da Formulação Ribeira/Curtimento 1 e 5,51 g/kg de pele processada para a Formulação Ribeira modifica/Curtimento/Recurtimento 2) mostraram que as duas formulações liberam, aproximadamente, a mesma quantidade de nitrogênio por quilograma de pele processada. Comparando-se os resultados de NTK e N-NH3, verificou-se que grande parte do nitrogênio liberado nos banhos é de origem orgânica, ou seja, proveniente das peles, mostrando que devem ser feitos estudos mais profundos a fim de se gerar menores quantidades destes nos efluentes. Tratamentos adequados devem ser adotados nas estações de tratamento de efluentes, prevendo nitrificação e desnitrificação, a fim de depurar os altos índices deste nutriente nos efluentes finais antes de serem lançados nos corpos receptores. / The tannery industry generates significant amounts of effluent with high nitrogen levels. This work aims to evaluate the factors that contribute for high nitrogen contents in the effluent of tannery, among them, the used chemical products in the processing of leather, the main stages that influence in these contents, the influence of the time and to quantify the total residual nitrogen in each stage of the process for kilogram of processed hide. The tests had been carried out whit salted hides and two formularizations distinct were tested, collecting samples of residual water by the end of each stage, in order to evaluate the individual amounts of nitrogen in these effluents. Subsequently, steps were analyzed considering the influence of time on the release of nitrogen processing separately pieces of salted hides, with the usual formulation and leaving each stage for at least 24 hours for collecting samples of the waste water throughout the process. The methods used to analyze the levels of residual nitrogen in wastewater were Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Soluble Protein. Technical information of chemicals products indicate that some of them have nitrogen in their compositions. On this basis, there have been trials to determine TKN in the products that could contain nitrogen. The results detected nitrogen in the analyzed samples of these products, but not in significant levels. From the results of the experiments the amounts of nitrogen, carbon and total soluble protein produced per kilogram of processed hide were calculated. For this calculation, were used the results of TKN, TOC, and total soluble protein, the volumes of each step of baths and the initial mass of hide. The results of release of nitrogen per kilogram of hide (5.07 g/kg of processed hide with the Formulation Beamhouse/Tanning 1 and 5.51 g/kg of processed hide with the modified Formulation Beamhouse/Tanning/Retanning 2) showed that both release approximately the same amount of nitrogen. Comparing the results of NTK and NH3-N, it was found that most of the nitrogen is released to the wastewater has organic origin, in other words, from the hide, demonstrating that further study must be made in order to generate lower quantities in these effluents. Appropriate treatment should be adopted in effluent treatment plants, providing nitrification and denitrification, in order to debug the high levels of this nutrient in the final effluent before being discharged in receiving waters.

COSTA, Marcus Roberto Góes Ferreira. Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo de ovinos com dietas à base de feno de juazeiro (Zizyphus joazeiro). 2008. 46 f . : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2008 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T14:29:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T14:30:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T14:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The intake, the apparent digestibility of nutrients and ingestive behavior of sixteen sheep of Morada Nova race with average weight of 26.75 kg, divided into individual metabolic cages, receiving diets containing crescent levels of juazeiro hay (0, 33, 67 and 100%) were evaluated. A casualized block experimental design with four treatment and four replications was used. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, carbohydrates fiber and non-fiber carbohydrates intakes were not influenced by addiction of juazeiro hay of the experimental diets, with average value in the 1042.78 and 595 g/day the dry mater and neutral detergent fiber, respectively. Observed a reduction linear for dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and carbohydrates fiber digestibility. For acid detergent fiber digestibility observed a reduction quadratic. The crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, carbohydrates fiber digestibility did not present significant variation. The nitrogen balance was not influencing, present positive for treatments. The inclusion of juazeiro hay did not influencing the intake of nutrients, but it reduces the digestibility coefficient in some diet components. The inclusion of hay juazeiro did not influence the ingestive behavior of animals (P> 0.05). The juazeiro hay with convection grass hay is a feeding strategy for northwest semi-arid / Avaliaram-se o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos da raça Morada Nova, recebendo rações contendo níveis crescentes de feno de juazeiro em substituição ao feno de capim-tifton 85 (0, 33, 67 e 100%). Utilizaramse dezesseis ovinos machos, não castrados, com peso médio de 26,75kg, alocados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos totais, carboidratos fibrosos, carboidratos não fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais não foram influenciados pela adição do feno de juazeiro às dietas, com valores médios de 1.042,78 e 595,59 g/dia de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro, respectivamente. Observou-se uma redução linear para os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos fibrosos. Para o coeficiente de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente ácido, observou-se uma redução quadrática. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, carboidratos totais e carboidratos fibrosos não apresentaram variações significativas. O balanço de nitrogênio também não foi influenciado e apresentou-se positivo para todos os tratamentos. A inclusão do feno de juazeiro não influenciou o consumo de nutrientes nem o balanço de nitrogênio, porém reduziu o coeficiente de digestibilidade de alguns componentes da dieta. Não se verificou influencia da inclusão do feno de juazeiro no tempo despendido para alimentação e ruminação (min/dia), eficiência de alimentação e ruminação (g de MS/h e g de FDN/h), dos ovinos em relação às dietas experimentais. Não houve diferenças para o número de refeições/dia, bem como para números de períodos ruminativos. O feno de juazeiro administrado juntamente com feno de gramíneas convencionais pode ser uma estratégia alimentar para época seca no semi-árido nordestino

Urban agriculture serves a growing and valuable market in today's food industry yet is challenged by the lack of available space in urban settings. Green roofs are proving not to only offer environmental benefits to buildings, but to also function as sites to grow produce. Adding fertilizer is important for plant health though fertilizer runoff and over application is a concern. Therefore, an evaluation of four Romaine lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa L.) comparing the use of three different fertilizers was conducted on the green roof of the Agriculture Building on the Southern Illinois University Carbondale campus in the fall of 2012 and 2013. The fertilizer treatments were OsmocoteTM (190,000 mg/kg N), Miracle GroTM (16,100 mg/kg N), and a control (no fertilizer). Supplemental water was applied though a drip tape irrigation system as needed. The lettuce cultivars evaluated were: ‘Parris Island Cos’, ‘Rouge d'Hiver’, ‘Rubens Baby’, and ‘Outredgeous’ Romaine lettuce. Results indicated that plant growth measurements of height and width, chlorophyll index, leaf mass and wet/dry weight were greater (P < 0.05) when OsmocoteTM and Miracle GroTM were used as a fertilizer source compared to the no fertilizer treatment. This study indicates that with supplemental nutrients, acceptable lettuce yields can be achieved in a three-inch extensive medium on a green roof. Results of this evaluation will contribute to the emerging interest in urban agriculture, specifically regarding lettuce production on extensive green roofs.

FERREIRA, Kássia Crislayne Duarte. Qualidade de água em um reservatório na região semiárida. 2014. 64 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ecologia e recursos naturais)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-05-20T19:57:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kcdferreira.pdf: 1745383 bytes, checksum: 87d13df935f364eb2c8f674f82005436 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-27T20:39:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kcdferreira.pdf: 1745383 bytes, checksum: 87d13df935f364eb2c8f674f82005436 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-27T20:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kcdferreira.pdf: 1745383 bytes, checksum: 87d13df935f364eb2c8f674f82005436 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Oros reservoir is the second largest in the state of Ceará and is used for human supply for the population of the Lower and Middle Jaguaribe and the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, besides being used for food production, aquaculture, tourism and irrigated fields. Due to the importance of this reservoir in the context of management of water resources in the state, this work aims to investigate the water quality of the reservoir to adapt an water quality index to the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the reservoir, and calculate the intake and balance of nutrients in its waters. The total period of study comprehended the months from April 2008 to December 2012, where water sampling were performed in a total of nine points in the reservoir, for monitoring of attributes pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus , nitrate, total suspended solids, turbidity and fecal coliform, to adapt the quality index, using principal component analysis; and seven points with monitoring of the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus to calculate balance and nutrient input. When obtaining adapted water quality index, it was concluded that the reservoir has water classified as regular to good quality and there is no effect of seasonality on water quality. With respect to intake and nutrient balance, the reservoir is storing the nutrients nitrogen (176 tonnes during the study period) and phosphorus (230 tonnes). Moreover, we could infer the same trend of intake of nutrients in the reservoir for both nutrientes and there was increase in the intake over time. / O açude Orós é o segundo maior reservatório do estado do Ceará e utilizado para abastecimento humano das populações do Baixo e Médio Jaguaribe e da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza, além de ser utilizado para produção de alimentos, piscicultura e turismo. Devido à importância desse reservatório no contexto da gestão de recursos hídricos do estado, esse trabalho visa investigar a qualidade de água do reservatório ao adaptar um índice de qualidade de água às condições físicas, químicas e biológicas do reservatório, e calcular o aporte e balanço de nutrientes em suas águas. O período total de estudo compreendeu os meses de abril de 2008 a dezembro de 2012, onde foram realizadas coletas de água em sete pontos no reservatório, para monitoramento dos atributos pH, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total, nitrato, sólidos totais, turbidez e coliformes termotolerantes, para adaptação do índice de qualidade, utilizando análise da componente principal; e sete pontos com o monitoramento de nitrogênio total e fósforo total para cálculo do balanço e aporte de nutrientes. De acordo com o índice de qualidade de água adaptado, o reservatório tem águas de qualidade regular a boa e que não há efeito da sazonalidade sobre a qualidade da água. Com relação ao aporte e balanço de nutrientes, o reservatório está armazenando os nutrientes nitrogênio (176 toneladas no período de estudo) e fósforo (230 toneladas). Além disso, pôde-se inferir a mesma tendência de aporte dos nutrientes no reservatório e houve aumento do aporte ao longo do tempo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_eg_me_botfca.pdf: 579194 bytes, checksum: 2a40ae03ff4e5fbcfe9ee4e32152af0c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Avaliou-se a produtividade, a concentração e a quantidade de nutrientes em plantas enxertadas pelos métodos contato bisel, garfagem por fenda cheia e encostia, comparadas as plantas não enxertadas (pé-franco), cultivadas em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quarto tratamentos e cinco repetições, com 12 plantas por parcela. O híbrido e o porta-enxerto utilizados foram o AF 7125 e AF 8253 respectivamente. Avaliaram-se as plantas quanto à altura da primeira bifurcação, altura das plantas, características dos frutos (comprimento, diâmetro e espessura), produção dos frutos em sete colheitas, massa da matéria seca da parte vegetativa (PV) e dos frutos (FR). Realizaram-se as análises químicas em uma planta por parcela aos 35, 85, 112 e 143 dias após transplante, para determinar a concentração e a quantidade de nutrientes absorvidos pelas plantas enxertadas e não enxertadas. As plantas enxertadas e não enxertadas tiveram desempenho agronômico semelhante. A absorção de nutrientes foi semelhante entre as plantas enxertadas e não enxertadas (pé-franco), não sendo observado nenhum tipo de impedimento de transporte de nutrientes ocasionados pela enxertia ou pelo porta-enxerto que pudesse prejudicar no desenvolvimento das plantas enxertadas durante o ciclo / It was evaluated the productivity, concentration and amount of nutrients in plants grafted by contact methods bevel, by grafting and cleft grafting, compared to the non-grafted plants (ungrafted), grown in a greenhouse. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments and five replicates of 12 plants per plot. The hybrid and the rootstock used were AF 7125 AF and 8253 respectively. Plants were evaluated for height of first fork, plant height, fruit characteristics (length, diameter and thickness), fruit production in seven crops, dry matter of vegetative parts (PV) and fruit (FR) . Analyzes were carried out in a chemical plant plots with 35, 85, 112 and 143 days after transplant to determine the concentration and nutrient uptake by the grafted and non-grafted. The non-grafted and grafted plants had similar agronomic performance. Nutrient uptake was similar between the grafted and not grafted (ungrafted), and there was no impediment of any kind of transport of nutrients caused by the graft or the rootstock that would undermine the development of grafted plants during the cycle

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_ap_dr_jabo.pdf: 553828 bytes, checksum: d736c8d07571b50750a6e56f01d50fae (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Avaliaram-se dietas formuladas com milho ou sorgo para suínos nas fases inicial, crescimento e terminação sobre o desempenho dos animais, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e características de fezes e urina e biodigestão anaeróbia dos dejetos. No ensaio de desempenho não foram verificadas diferenças quanto ao consumo médio diário de ração, ganho médio diário de peso e conversão alimentar. Foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade em cada fase de crescimento dos animais utilizando o método de coleta total de fezes, não se observando diferenças para coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca e da energia bruta, coeficiente de metabolizabilidade, energia digestível e metabolizável. Os maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta e proteína digestível foram verificados nos animais alimentados com dietas à base de milho na fase terminação. Para animais alimentados com dietas formuladas com sorgo foram verificados maiores valores de matéria seca digestível nas fases crescimento e terminação. Verificou-se maior produção média de fezes para animais alimentados com dietas formuladas com sorgo, gerando maiores coeficientes de resíduo. Os maiores teores de sólidos totais e voláteis foram verificados nas fezes de animais alimentados com dieta à base de milho, em todas as fases de crescimento. As concentrações médias dos nutrientes nas fezes e na urina variaram entre os tratamentos e fases. O abastecimento de 20 biodigestores indicou maiores reduções nos teores de sólidos voláteis e maiores produções de biogás quando se utilizaram fezes de suínos alimentados com dietas formuladas à base de milho. As concentrações médias dos nutrientes no afluente e efluente dos biodigestores variaram entre os tratamentos e fases. / There were evaluated diets formulated with corn or sorghum for pigs in the initial stages, growing and finishing on the growth performance of animals, digestibility of nutrients, production and characteristics of feces and urine and anaerobic digestion of pigs manure. In the test of growth performance were not found differences in the average daily consumption of feed, average daily weight gain and feed conversion. There was performed a test of digestibility at each stage of growth of animals using the total collection of feces, no difference was observed for digestibility coefficients of dry matter and gross energy, coefficient to metabolize, digestible and metabolizable energy. The highest rates of digestibility of crude protein and digestible protein were observed in animals fed with diets based on corn in the finishing stage. For animals fed diets formulated with sorghum there were observed higher values of digestible dry matter in growing and finishing phases. There was a greater average production of feces by animals fed with diets based on sorghum, generating higher coefficient of waste. The highest levels of total and volatile solids were found in the feces of animals fed with diets containing corn, in all the stages of growth. The average concentrations of minerals in feces and urine varied among treatments and stages. The supply of 20 anaerobic digesters indicated greater reductions in the volatile solids levels and greater production of biogas when using waste from pigs fed with diets based with corn. The average concentrations of minerals in the affluent and effluent in the anaerobic digesters varied among treatments and stages.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Thomaz / Banca: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Banca: Rafael Neme / Resumo: Foram conduzidos três experimentos, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes níveis de prebiótico na alimentação de leitões, sobre o desempenho, desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, parâmetros fisiológicos, digestibilidade e metabolismo de suínos. O prebiótico utilizado foi o mananoligossacarídeo MOS. No 1º experimento, foram avaliados o desempenho e a incidência de diarréia em 30 leitões fêmeas, dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, com peso inicial de 6,28 l 1,40 kg. A utilização de MOS nas rações de leitões recém - desmamados piorou o ganho de peso dos animais dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, porém não teve efeito sobre a incidência de diarréia. No 2º experimento foram avaliadas a morfometria do intestino delgado e mensurados os pesos do fígado e do pâncreas, assim como, o pH dos conteúdos do estômago, intestino delgado e ceco. Foram utilizados 15 leitões fêmeas dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, com peso inicial de 5,74 l 0,93 kg. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos foram: Controle positivo CP (Dieta basal + antibiótico); Controle negativo - CN (Dieta basal); CN + 0,25% de Prebiótico; CN + 0,50% de Prebiótico; CN + 0,75% de Prebiótico, e utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso para controlar diferenças inicias de peso. Não foram observadas diferenças em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. No 3º experimento foram determinadas as digestibilidades dos nutrientes e da energia e o coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia e a energia metabolizável, das rações controle e com 0,5% de prebiótico. Utilizou-se 16 suínos machos castrados, com peso médio de 24,8 l 2,79 kg, e os blocos controlaram a repetição no tempo...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Three experiments were set to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of mannanoligossacharides (MOS, prebiotic) to the diet of piglets on their performance, development of intestinal mucosa, physiological parameters, digestibility and metabolism.. Corn and soybean meal were the major feed components. The first experiment evaluated the development and occurrence of diarrhea in 30 female piglets at 22 and 63 days of age, with an initial weight of 6.28 l 1.40 kg. Prebiotic additions to the diets worsen the growth performance of animals in Phase 3, but did not influence on the diarrhea incidence. The second experiment evaluated the morphometry of the small bowel, liver and pancreas weight, and the pH of stomach, small bowel and cecum contents. Fifteen female piglets were used at 22 and 63 days of age, with an initial weight of 5.74 l 0.93 kg. Both experiments were arranged in randomized blocks design to control initial weight difference, with the following treatments: positive control PC (base diet + antibiotic); negative control - NC (base diet); NC + 0.25% of prebiotic; NC + 0.50% of prebiotic; NC + 0.75% of prebiotic. No significant difference was observed in any of the studied parameters. In the third experiment, nutrient and energy digestibility were determined in feeds containing prebiotic (0.5%) or not (control). Sixteen castrated male pigs weighing 24.8 l 2.79 kg were used, and randomized blocks design was used so blocks controlled replications during time. Nutrient digestibility and feed energy were determined through the total feces collection method, using ferric oxide as fecal marker. The digestibility coefficient of the mineral matter and the digestible mineral matter were higher (P<0.05) in the control feed than in the feed containing prebiotic...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre