Chung Mei-lan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-124). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Declaration --- p.v / Acknowledgment --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables & Graphs --- p.xi / Chapter 1. --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Age-Associated Changes in Nutritional Status in the Elderly --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Body Composition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Nutritional Requirements --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Energy requirement in the elderly --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Protein requirement in the elderly --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Vitamin and minerals requirement in the elderly --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3. --- Food Intake --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Biobehavioral factors --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Social factors --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Psychological factors --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.4. --- Physical factors --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.5. --- Medical factors --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4. --- Age-Related Changes in Gastrointestinal Tract --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Energy Expenditure in the Elderly --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1. --- Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TEE) --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2. --- Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Mechanisms Leading to a Decrease in FFM Adjusted BMR --- p.15 / Chapter (i) --- Sex --- p.15 / Chapter (ii) --- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Activity --- p.16 / Chapter (iii) --- Physical Activity --- p.17 / Chapter (iv) --- Body Weight --- p.17 / Chapter (v) --- Hormones --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3. --- Diet-Induced Thermogenesis (DIT) --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4. --- Energy Costs of Physical Activity --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Methods for the Measurements of Energy Expenditure --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1. --- Direct Calorimetry --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Principle of Direct Calorimetry --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Isothermal calorimetry --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Gradient-layer direct calorimetry --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.4. --- Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Calorimetry --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2. --- Indirect Calorimetry --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Principle of Indirect Calorimetry --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Whole body indirect calorimetry --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- "Indirect calorimetry: ventilated hood system, a face mask, or mouthpiece" --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Advantages and Disadvantages of Indirect Calorimetry --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3. --- The Doubly-Labeled Water Method --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Principle --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4. --- The Labeled Bicarbonate Method --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Principle of Isotope Dilution Method --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Principle of Traditional Labeled HC03 Method --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- Labeled Bicarbonate-Urea Method --- p.34 / Chapter I. --- Calculations --- p.35 / Chapter A. --- Determination of energy equivalent of CO2 --- p.35 / Chapter B. --- Relationship between specific activity of urea and specific activity of CO2 --- p.35 / Chapter C. --- Fixation of infused label in the body --- p.36 / Chapter D. --- Calculation of CO2 production from the specific 3 activity of urinary urea --- p.6 / Chapter E. --- Two assumptions in labeled bicarbonate-urea method --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4.4. --- Advantages and Disadvantages of Labeled Bicarbonate-Urea Method --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5. --- Heart Rate Monitoring --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5.1. --- Principle --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5.2. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.38 / Chapter 3.6. --- Activity Monitoring --- p.39 / Chapter 3.6.1. --- Principle --- p.39 / Chapter 3.6.2. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.39 / Chapter 3.7. --- Activity Diaries --- p.40 / Chapter 3.7.1. --- Retrospective activity questionnaires --- p.40 / Chapter I. --- Principle --- p.40 / Chapter II. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.40 / Chapter 3.7.2. --- Current diary method --- p.41 / Chapter I. --- Principle --- p.41 / Chapter II. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.42 / Chapter 3.7.3. --- Time-and-motion study --- p.42 / Chapter I. --- Principle --- p.42 / Chapter II. --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Nutritional Status and Energy Expenditure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1. --- Nutritional Status --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Body weight --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Fat-free mass (FFM) --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2. --- REE --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3. --- DIT --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4. --- TEE --- p.47 / Chapter 4.5. --- Nutrition Repletion by Caloric Supplement --- p.48 / Chapter 2. --- Objectives --- p.50 / Chapter 3. --- Subject and Method --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1. --- Part A: Subject and Methods I --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Subjects --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Methods --- p.51 / Chapter I. --- Anthropometric Assessment --- p.51 / Chapter II. --- Nutrient Intake --- p.52 / Chapter III. --- Clinical Assessment --- p.52 / Chapter IV. --- Energy Expenditure --- p.53 / Chapter V. --- Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire --- p.53 / Chapter VI. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2. --- Part B: Subject and Methods II --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2. --- Subjects --- p.55 / Chapter I. --- Patients --- p.55 / Chapter II. --- Control subjects --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Methods --- p.56 / Measurement of TEE by Labeled Bicarbonate-Urea Method --- p.56 / Chapter I. --- Study Protocol --- p.56 / Chapter Figure 6: --- Study protocol in Hospital --- p.57 / Chapter II. --- Clinical Protocol --- p.58 / Chapter A. --- Preparing the infusion --- p.58 / Chapter B. --- "Inserting the subcutaneous cannula, and starting the infusion" --- p.58 / Chapter C. --- Urine collection --- p.59 / Chapter D. --- Blood sample --- p.59 / Chapter III. --- Laboratory Procedures --- p.60 / Chapter A. --- Measuring the radioactivity of the infused bicarbonate solution --- p.60 / Chapter B. --- Measuring of specific activity of urea --- p.60 / Chapter (i) --- Titration of hyamine hydroxide solution --- p.60 / Chapter (ii) --- Urine radioactivity quantification --- p.61 / Chapter (1) --- Removal of dissolved CO2 from urine --- p.61 / Chapter (2) --- Determination of specific activity of C02 --- p.62 / Chapter (a) --- Principle --- p.62 / Chapter (b) --- Laboratory procedures for the determination of specific activity of urea --- p.62 / Chapter IV. --- Measurement in Hospital --- p.63 / Chapter A. --- Anthropometry --- p.63 / Chapter B. --- Indirect calorimetry --- p.63 / Chapter (i) --- Principle --- p.63 / Chapter (ii) --- Measurement of REE --- p.64 / Chapter (iii) --- Measurement of DIT --- p.65 / Chapter C. --- Food supply and dietary record during the study --- p.65 / Chapter D. --- Record of physical activity in rehabilitation program --- p.66 / Chapter E. --- Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire --- p.67 / Chapter V. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.67 / Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1. --- Results of Part A Study --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Anthropometry --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Nutrient Intake --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1.3. --- Caloric Balance --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.4. --- Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2. --- Results of Part B Study --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Anthropometric Data --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- REE --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- DIT --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.4. --- Nutrient Intake --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.5. --- TEE --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.6. --- Caloric Balance --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.7. --- Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3. --- Table 1-1 --- p.78 / Chapter 4.4. --- Table 2-1 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5. --- Graph1 --- p.100 / Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1. --- Anthropometry in COPD patients --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2. --- Caloric and Nutrient intake in COPD patients --- p.105 / Chapter 5.3. --- Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) --- p.107 / Chapter 5.4. --- Diet-Induced Thermogenesis (DIT) --- p.108 / Chapter 5.5. --- Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TEE) --- p.108 / Chapter 5.6. --- Caloric Balance --- p.109 / Chapter 5.7. --- Limitation of this Study --- p.112 / Chapter 5.7.1. --- 24-hrs dietary recall --- p.112 / Chapter 5.7.2. --- Bicarbonate-urea method --- p.113 / Chapter 5.7.3. --- Anthropometry of community healthy elderly --- p.113 / Chapter 5.8. --- Recommendations --- p.114 / Chapter 5.8.1. --- Anthropometry monitoring in COPD patients --- p.114 / Chapter 5.8.2. --- Caloric supplements --- p.114 / Chapter 5.8.3. --- Physical activity in COPD patients --- p.115 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.117 / Chapter 7. --- References --- p.118 / Chapter 8. --- Appendix I --- p.125 / Chapter A. --- Calculation of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) --- p.125 / Chapter B. --- Sample of Calculation of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in Part B of the Study --- p.129 / Chapter 9. --- Appendix II - Equations --- p.133 / Chapter 10. --- Appendix III - Flow Calibration --- p.136

Chan Suk-mei. / "October 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [171]-188). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe systemic illness and early case management is important for the avoidance complications and control of the disease. Improving health workers’ knowledge on leishmaniasis is essential in improving the control programme. A quantitative, retrospective study of patient records and descriptive, explorative study of health care professionals’ knowledge on leishmaniasis were conducted. Data was collected from patient records (n=299) using a structured audit tool and from health care professionals (n=55) by means of a structured questionnaire. The study findings highlight that the commonest clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis are fever and splenomegaly. Severe malnutrition and HIV co-infection contribute to mortality. The findings indicate the need for training to improve health care professionals’ awareness of visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis disease surveillance and support by the regional and district heath offices should be improved / Health Studies / M.A. Public Health (MPH)

The goal of this dissertation is to discuss relationships between the sociocultural environment and nutritional status outcomes in an urban industrialized city with high rates of poverty. The purpose is to highlight the complex web of factors shaping nutritional status outcomes and move beyond cause and effect approaches to nutrition in an environment where obesity is a central nutritional concern. To accomplish this goal, I examine a range of factors that relate to adolescent nutritional practices and nutritional status outcomes in a sample population of adolescents living in Belfast, Northern Ireland. I discuss connections between social locations such as age, gender, geographic area, and socioeconomic status. I also highlight the range of nutritional status outcomes observed in the sample population, while examining broader social, political, and economic aspects of the lives of adolescents that differentially shape nutrition-related experiences in the city. Finally, I demonstrate that adolescents occupy a complex social location in which autonomy, advice, and influence from sociocultural and political-economic factors shape their diet and exercise practices and nutritional status outcomes in multi-faceted, and at times unexpected, ways. In doing so, I emphasize the benefits of a localized, rather than a globalized approach to nutritional concerns such as obesity.

This paper reviewed the mechanisms of systemic inflammation and the nutritional status of the individuals who suffer from chronic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irritable bowel diseases include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, asthma, and atherosclerosis. Treatment modalities such as diet regimens will also be discussed. The Anti-Inflammatory diet, Mediterranean Diet, and the Dash diet will be discussed. Nutritional status and inflammation go hand in hand according to the findings available today. There is still more research required to completely understand the mechanisms that occur in inflammation.

Bakgrund: Undernäring är ett vanligt förekommande tillstånd inom hälso- och sjukvården. Undernäring har samband med ökad sjuklighet och dödlighet. Det leder till ökade kostnader för samhället då vårdtiderna blir längre. Patienterna blir utsatta för ett ökat lidande. Enligt nutritionsvårdsprocessen kan undernäring upptäckas om en screening av nutritionsstatusen  utförs. För att sedan utreda vad som orsakar undernäringen kan ät- och måltidsobservationsinstrument utnyttjas. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att identifiera vilka faktorer som observeras i samband med screening för nutritionsstatus och ät -och måltidsobservationer och vilka instrument som finns utvecklade för att identifiera dessa faktorer hos multisjuka äldre. Metod: Litteraturöversikten baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar utifrån studiens syfte. De vetenskapliga artiklarna fanns tillgängliga på Uppsala universitets elektroniska prenumerationer. Analysarbetet gjordes genom granskning och bearbetning av insamlat material. Resultat: Resultatet av granskningen visade att viktminskning, BMI, diagnos, aptit och funktionsförmåga var faktorer som de flesta nutritionsstatus screeninginstrument observerade. Faktorer som observerades i störst utsträckning i ätobservationsinstrument var tugg och sväljsvårigheter, transport av mat till munnen, sittposition och energitillförsel. De flesta av instrumenten som granskades visade sig vara reliabla och validerade. Det fanns inget instrument som observerade endast måltidsmiljön. Det finns även andra faktorer som visat sig ha inverkan på nutritionsstatusen som inte observeras i något instrument. Dessa faktorer var av psykosociala och ekonomisk karaktär.  Slutsats: Det finns nutritionsstatus screening instrument av god kvalité däremot finns det inte lika omfattande ät – och måltidsobservationsinstrument. / Background: Malnutrition is a common condition in health care. Malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It leads to increased charges imposed on society when the length at hospital becomes longer. Patients becomes vulnerable to increased suffering. According to the nutrition care process, malnutrition can be detected when a nutritional status screening is performed. Then, to investigate the causes of malnutrition eating and meal instruments can be utilized. Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify the factors that are observed in connection with the nutritional status screening and eat -and meal observations. Which instruments are developed to identify these factors in multi-ill elderly. Methods: The review was based on scientific papers on the basis of the study's purpose. The data were available at Uppsala University's electronic subscriptions. The analysis was done by examination and processing of the collected material. Result: The result showed that the weight loss, body mass index, diagnosis, appetite and functional capacity were factors that most nutritional screening instruments observed. Factors that were observed to the greatest extent in eat observation instrument was chewing and swallowing difficulties, transportation of food to the mouth, sit position and energy intake. There was no instrument that observed only meal environment. Most of the instruments examined proved to have reliability and validity. There are also other factors shown to influence the nutritional status that is not observed in any instrument. These factors were of the psychosocial and economic character. Conclusion:There are nutritional status screening instruments of good quality, however, there are not as extensive eat -and meal instruments.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most widespread diseases globally. A commonly reported symptom is impaired nutritional status, which is often discussed in the literature as difficult to assess. Because nurses play a key role in the care of patients with COPD, knowledge needs to be supplemented with clinically relevant methods that can be used for identification of nutritional needs. The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate factors associated with the nutritional status of persons with COPD and to describe the assessment of nutritional status in different settings and for persons of varying ages. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Two studies with descriptive and exploratory designs (I, II) and two studies with comparative (III), and correlational design (IV). In three of the studies participants were persons with COPD (I, III, IV), whereas one involved registered nurses (RNs). Qualitative data were collected using diaries (I), vignettes (II) and interviews (I, II) and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Data collection (III, IV) included body size and body composition measurements, assessment of nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Evaluation of Nutritional Status (ENS), and lung function measurements. These were analyzed using statistical methods. The main findings from the interviews with 13 respondents in PHC in study I showed that eating difficulties alone do not cause reduced nutritional intake for persons with COPD. Eating is only one aspect in a chain of meal-related situations that involve additional physiological and psychological demands. Assessment of nutritional status, performed by 19 RNs, consisted mainly of single observations. For a half of the RNs it was more important to establish trustful relationships with patients than to give nutritional information, while the other RNs had different opinions on when it was best to provide nutritional information and assess nutritional status. Study III findings showed poor nutritional status for nearly half of the 50 older participants. Many who were identified as malnourished lived alone and were dependent on daily community services. Six out of the 81 participants in Study IV were similarly identified as malnourished by each of the three instruments (MNA, MUST and ENS). There was a significant correlation between each of the instruments and body composition, assessed as fat-free mass index (FFMI). The MNA Short Form (MNA-SF) incorrectly identified thirteen participants’ nutritional status as not needing attention for their nutritional status. To be evaluated as ‘in need of qualified help with nutrition’ by the ENS the respondents needed to be identified as malnourished by the MNA. A general conclusion is that nutritional status is complex for persons with COPD and is difficult to measure by currently recommended methods. Individuals’ experiences are important to elicit because some of their experiences, in combination with RNs’ judgement, might serve as a hindrance for nursing care and delay the sharing of important information. The methods currently recommended for identification of nutritional status should be used with caution, and assessment should not depend on one single method. The findings from this thesis can contribute to early accurate identification of nutritional status and prompt interventions that have importance for an improved disease trajectory and better quality of life for individuals with COPD.

Diversos mecanismos estão envolvidos no processo de erupção dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o sobrepeso/obesidade e os polimorfismos genéticos nos genes que codificam as metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs) - 8 e -13 estão associados com a cronologia de erupção dos dentes permanentes, em crianças de Manaus - AM. Um total de 216 crianças de escolas públicas foram incluídas, com idade variando entre 9 e 12 anos. Inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário, contendo dados anamnésicos relevantes para a pesquisa. Em seguida, o índice de massa corporal escore-z foi calculado, e as crianças foram divididas em 2 grupos: crianças com peso normal e crianças com sobrepeso/obesidade (n=65). A seguir, foi efetuado o exame clínico, onde foram avaliados os dentes presentes na cavidade bucal e comparação com uma tabela de cronologia de erupção de dentes permanentes, sendo as crianças classificadas em 2 grupos: com atraso na cronologia de erupção e sem atraso na cronologia de erupção. Amostras de saliva de todos os participantes foram coletadas e utilizadas como fonte de DNA genômico. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos rs17099443 e rs3765620 em MMP8 e dos polimorfismos rs478927 e rs2252070 em MMP13 foi realizada pela análise do produto final de PCR, tecnologia Taqman. Os testes do qui-quadrado e/ou exato de Fisher foram utilizados para comparar crianças com e sem atraso de erupção. O grupo \"sobrepeso / obeso\" foi comparado com o grupo \"peso normal\" e comparado na proporção de 1:2. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados. O teste t baseado na idade foi utilizado para comparação das médias entre os grupos. Uma análise de regressão linear usando idade e sexo como covariantes foi utilizada. O teste Anova com pós-teste de Tukey foi utilizado para comparar o número de dentes com atraso de erupção de acordo com o genótipo. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Cento e vinte e sete crianças foram classificadas com peso normal e 65 foram classificadas com sobrepeso/obesidade (49 com sobrepeso e 16 com obesidade). A condição de sobrepeso/obesidade associouse ao sexo, no qual os meninos tiveram maior chance de apresentar condições de maior peso (OR = 1,84; IC 95% 1,06-3,37; p = 0,04). O número médio de dentes permanentes irrompidos foi maior no grupo sobrepeso/obesidade (p <0,001). A análise de regressão linear demonstrou que o estado nutricional, sexo e idade estavam fortemente associados ao número de dentes permanentes irrompidos (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que crianças manauaras com sobrepeso/obesidade apresentam aceleração da cronologia de erupção dentária, quando comparadas com crianças com peso normal. Não houve associação do gene MMP13 com atraso na cronologia de erupção e verificou-se que o polimorfismo rs17099443 em MMP8 está associado com atraso de erupção dentária, onde o genótipo GG e o alelo G foram encontrados mais frequentemente nas crianças com atraso da cronologia de erupção. Crianças com o genótipo GG nesse polimorfismo apresentavam um maior número de dentes permanentes com atraso na cronologia de erupção do que as crianças com os genótipos CC e CG / Many mechanisms are involved in the in the tooth eruption process. The aim of this study was to evaluate if overweight/obesity and genetic polymorphisms in genes that codify the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) - 8 and - 13 are associated with permanent tooth eruption chronology, in children from Manaus-AM. A total of 216 children from public were included, with the age ranging from 9 to 12 years old. Initially, a questionnaire was used containing anamnesic data relevant to the research. Body mass index z-score was calculated and the children were separated in two groups: normal weight children (n=127) and overweight/obesity children (n=65). The clinical examination was performed, the number of permanent teeth erupted in the oral cavity were evaluated and compared with a table of permanent tooth eruption chronology, in which the children were classified in two groups: with (n=126) and without delayed tooth eruption (n=90). Saliva samples were collected from all samples as a genomic DNA source. The genotyping of the polymorphisms rs17099443 and rs3765620 in MMP8, and of the polymorphisms rs478927 and rs2252070 in MMP13 were performed in the end-point analysis of the real time PCR, Taqman technology. Chi-square and/or Fisher exact tests were used to compare children with and without delayed tooth eruption. The &quot;overweight/obesity&quot; group was compared with &quot;normal weight&quot; group in the ratio 1:2. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data. The t test was used based on the age was used to compare the means between groups. A linear regression analysis using age and gender and gender as co-variants was performed. Anova with Tukey posttest was used to compare the number of delayed tooth eruption according to the genotype. The significance level adopted was 5%. One hundred twenty-seven children were classified as normal weight and 65 as overweight/obesity (49 with overweight and 16 with obesity) Overweight/obesity condition was associated with gender, in which boys had a higher chance to present the condition (OR = 1.84; IC 95% 1.06-3.37; p = 0.04). The mean number of erupted permanent teeth was higher in the group overweight/obesity (p <0.001). The linear regression analysis demonstrated that the nutritional status, sex and age were associated with the number of erupted permanent teeth (p<0.05). In conclusion, children from Manaus with overweight/obesity presented an acceleration in the chronology of tooth eruption process in comparison with the normal weight children. The polymorphism rs17099443 in MMP8 is associated with delayed tooth eruption, and the genotype GG and the G allele were more frequent in the children with delayed on the chronology of tooth eruption. Children with GG genotype presented a higher number of permanent teeth with delayed on the chronology of tooth eruption than children with the genotypes CC and CG.

A especialidade da Cirurgia Plástica corresponde ao ramo da cirurgia que visa restaurar partes do organismo alteradas por deformidades congênitas ou adquiridas, bem como corrigir as desarmonias estéticas. Nos últimos anos houve um aumento expressivo no número de Cirurgias Plásticas Estéticas (CPE) realizadas no mundo e no Brasil. Entre os principais procedimentos cirúrgicos no Brasil encontram-se: a mamoplastia de aumento, a blefaroplastia, a lipoaspiração e a abdominoplastia, sendo as mulheres a grande maioria, além de serem mais insatisfeitas com a sua aparência em relação aos homens. Tal situação pode ser um dos principais motivos pela busca da CPE. A Imagem Corporal é representada por dimensões atitudinais e perceptivas, as quais se relacionam com a aparência dos indivíduos sofrendo influências socioculturais, dentre outros elementos do ambiente, que podem afetar o comportamento e atitudes destes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a IC e o Estado Nutricional de mulheres solicitantes de CPE, em um serviço de CPE particular, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Uma amostra de 40 mulheres adultas divididas em dois grupos, Clínico e de Comparação, com características etárias, educacionais e socioeconômicas semelhantes. As participantes responderam aos questionários de Caracterização da Amostra, Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil, Multidimensional sobre as Relações com o Próprio Corpo, Inventário de Esquemas sobre a Aparência e foram submetidas à Avaliação do Estado Nutricional por meio da Avaliação Antropométrica, Composição Corporal e Análise Bioquímica de sangue e urina. Os resultados obtidos para G1 foram: a maioria das participantes que apresentavam sobrepeso e obesidade, estavam insatisfeitas desde a infância/adolescência, realizavam tentativas de mudanças de hábitos alimentares seguindo blogs, revistas, utilização de dietas da moda e aplicativos, não faziam acompanhamento nutricional com nutricionista, apresentavam nível severo de preocupação com o seu Estado Nutricional de acordo com IMC e sofriam de ansiedade em relação ao sobrepeso. Também estavam mais motivadas e investiam demasiadamente nas crenças sobre a IC, uso frequente de psicotrópicos e acompanhamento psicoterapêutico. As participantes do G2 estavam Eutróficas na sua maioria, mais satisfeitas em relação ao G1, não haviam mudado seu comportamento alimentar nos últimos 30 dias, e também não realizavam acompanhamento nutricional, pois se preocupavam pouco com o Estado Nutricional. Também não investiam na mesma proporção em crenças relacionadas à IC, nem faziam acompanhamento psicoterapêutico e uso de psicotrópicos. Portanto, torna-se essencial uma maior atenção em relação ao EN e acompanhamento psicoterapêutico dessas mulheres direcionados às necessidades individuais. Neste sentido, a detecção e a prevenção precoces de possíveis riscos e futuras complicações provocados por deficiências nutricionais e comportamentos inadequados podem contribuir significativamente para a garantia de resultados cirúrgicos mais satisfatórios, além da diminuição dos dispêndios com Sistema Único de Saúde e de Saúde Complementar (convênios), assim como a redução do estresse emocional e possíveis execuções jurídicas de ambas as partes (médico-paciente). / The specialty of Plastic Surgery corresponds to the branch of surgery that aims to restore parts of the organism altered by congenital or acquired deformities, as well as, correct the aesthetic disharmony. In recent years, there has been an expressive increase in the number of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (APS) performed in the world and in Brazil. Among the main surgical procedures in Brazil are: breast augmentation, blepharoplasty, liposuction and abdominoplasty, with women being the majority, in addition to being more dissatisfied with their appearance in relation to men. This situation may be one of the main reasons for the pursuit of APS. Body Image (BI) is represented by attitudinal and perceptive dimensions, which are related to the appearance of individuals suffering socio-cultural influences, among other elements of the environment, that can affect their behavior and attitudes. The objective of the present study was to investigate Body Image (BI) and the Nutritional Status (NS) of women requesting APS in a private APS service in the city of Ribeirão Preto / SP. A sample of 40 adult women divided into two groups, Clinical and Comparative, with similar age, educational and socioeconomic characteristics. Participants answered the Sample Characterization Questionnaire, Brazil Economic Classification Criterion, Multidimensional body-self relation questionnaire- Appearance scale, Inventory of Schemes on Appearance- Revised, and performed an evaluation of nutritional status through anthropometric evaluation, body composition and biochemical analysis of blood and urine. The results obtained for G1 were: the majority of participants who were overweight and obese, were unsatisfied since childhood / adolescence, attempted changes in eating behavior following blogs, magazines, use of fad diets and applications, did not perform nutritional monitoring with nutritionist, had a severe level of concern about their Nutritional Status (NS) according to BMI and were anxious about being overweight. They were also more motivated and over-invested in beliefs about body image, frequent use of psychotropic drugs and psychotherapeutic follow-up. The G2 participants were mostly Eutrophic, more satisfied with G1, had not changed their eating behavior in the last 30 days, nor did they perform nutritional monitoring because they cared little about the Nutritional Status. They also did not invest in the same proportion in BI- related beliefs, nor did they follow psychotherapeutic and psychotropic use. Therefore, greater attention is needed in relation to NS and the psychotherapeutic follow-up of these women directed at individual needs. In this sense, the early detection and prevention of possible risks and future complications caused by nutritional deficiencies and inadequate behaviors can contribute significantly to the guarantee of more satisfactory surgical results, as well, as the reduction of expenditures with the Unified Health Sistem (SUS) and Complementary Health System ), as well as, the reduction of emotional stress and possible legal executions of both parties (doctor-patient).

Orientador: Nilton Carlos Machado / Resumo: Introdução. O câncer pediátrico é a principal causa de morte por doença em crianças menores de 19 anos. Os tratamentos utilizados afetam negativamente o organismo e aumentam o risco de comprometimento do estado nutricional. Algum grau de desnutrição é observado em 8% a 50% das crianças com câncer ao diagnóstico e pode estar relacionada ao aumento da extensão da doença, atraso no diagnóstico e tratamento. Por outro lado, a obesidade infantil é hoje uma grande questão de saúde pública e um dos desfechos adversos mais comuns em sobreviventes de câncer infantil. Então, é essencial avaliar o estado nutricional destes pacientes, tanto ao diagnóstico, como durante e após a terapia. Objetivos. Avaliar o estado nutricional, de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, através de indicadores antropométricos, características clínicas e demográficas, em três estudos longitudinais: ao diagnóstico, durante e após o tratamento. Propor um manual para manejo do estado nutricional em crianças com câncer. Métodos. Estudo longitudinal e prospectivo em crianças e adolescentes com câncer, com idades entre 1 a 18 anos, atendidas em centro terciário de tratamento oncológico de agosto/2018 a março/2019. Realizado avaliação em três estudos de crianças com câncer: Estudos1, pacientes recém-diagnosticados, que iniciariam terapia; Estudo 2, pacientes sob terapia há pelo menos 3 meses; e Estudo 3, pacientes fora de terapia. Realizou-se, em 3 momentos: momento 0, 30 dias e 180 dias. Realizado: Revisão de prontuá... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction. Pediatric cancer is the leading cause of death from disease in children under 19 years. The treatments used negatively affect the body and increase the risk of compromised nutritional status. Some degree of malnutrition is observed in 8% to 50% of children with cancer at diagnosis and may be related to increased extent of the disease, delayed diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, childhood obesity is now a major public health issue and one of the most common adverse outcomes in child cancer survivors. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the nutritional status of these patients, both at diagnosis, during and after therapy. Aims. To evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents with cancer through anthropometric indicators, clinical and demographic characteristics, in three longitudinal studies: at diagnosis, during and after treatment. Propose a manual for nutritional status management in children with cancer. Methods. Longitudinal and prospective study in children and adolescents with cancer, aged 1 to 18 years, attended at a tertiary cancer treatment center from August 2018 to March 2019. Evaluation was performed in three studies of children with cancer: Studies1, newly diagnosed patients, who would start therapy; Study 2, patients on therapy for at least 3 months; and Study 3, patients out of therapy. It took place in 3 moments: moment 0, 30 days and 180 days. Performed: Review of medical records; Application of a questionnaire to collec... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre