Thesis (Ph.D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005. / Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [2], v, 98 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64).

Orientador: Raul Aragão Martins / Resumo: A obesidade em crianças e adolescentes é um desafio para a sociedade brasileira. O presente estudo, caracterizado metodologicamente com predominância qualitativa, analisa as possíveis relações do sobrepeso e da obesidade no processo ensino-aprendizagem da dança educativa em crianças e adolescentes. Apropria-se da Triangulação de Métodos como procedimento de coleta de dados, desenvolvida em três etapas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: avaliação antropométrica, entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, intervenção educativa, observação participante, diário de campo, escala de avaliação da insatisfação corporal e avaliação da percepção da imagem corporal por silhuetas. Realizou-se em 18 escolas públicas municipais de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os pesquisados são 557 alunos, de ambos os sexos, que praticam dança no Programa Mais Educação, com faixa etária de seis a dezessete anos, entre obesos e não obesos. A análise dos dados foi tratada conforme a natureza de cada instrumento. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS (2003) para as análises estatísticas descritivas, nos dados quantitativos; e interpretação qualitativa e análise de conteúdo, preceituada por Bardin (2004), para os registros qualitativos. Verificou-se que, dos 557 alunos investigados, 22,1% são obesos e 15,6% estão com sobrepeso. Estes números revelam que 37,7% estão com peso corporal fora do padrão de saúde, um indicativo de risco à saúde pública da população jovem da cidade de Fortaleza. Desvelou-se a sensação de prazer ao dançar; ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Obesity in children and adolescents is a challenge for Brazilian society. This study, methodologically characterized as a qualitative predominance, analyzes the possible relationship of overweight and obesity in the teaching-learning process of the educational dance among children and adolescents. It appropriates the Triangulation Methods as a data collection procedure developed in three stages. The tools used were: anthropometric evaluation, semi-structured individual interviews, educational intervention, participant observation, field diary, rating scale of body dissatisfaction, and evaluation of the body perception through silhouettes. The survey was carried out in 18 public schools in Fortaleza, Ceará. The 557 participants are six to seventeen year-old male and female students, either obese or non-obese, who practice dance in the More Education Program. The data analysis was dealt with according to the nature of each tool. One has used the SPSS software program (2003) for the descriptive statistics analysis concerning the quantitative data; and qualitative interpretation and content analysis, stipulated by Bardin (2004), concerning the qualitative data. It was found that out of the 557 students surveyed, 22.1% are obese, and 15.6% are overweight. Those figures show that 37.7% have their body weight out of the health standard, thus indicating a risk to the public health of the young population from the city of Fortaleza. The feeling of pleasure while dancing has been unvei... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

A obesidade infantil representa um crescente problema de saúde pública, sendo geralmente atribuída à predisposição genética. Contudo, consumo alimentar inadequado, estilo de vida, ambiente familiar, características pessoais e emocionais da criança e questões sociais também se relacionam com o excesso de peso. Esse estudo analisou a relação entre os sistemas familiar e social e os atributos pessoais de crianças obesas, no desenvolvimento da obesidade infantil, à luz da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. A tese está composta por três artigos. O primeiro, através de uma revisão da literatura, descreve o método da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, de Urie Bronfenbrenner, na pesquisa de famílias com crianças obesas. O segundo, identifica a influência dos contextos ecológicos de crianças obesas que podem contribuir para seu estado de obesidade. Participaram do estudo oito crianças, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária entre 8 a 12 anos, e suas responsáveis, cinco mães e duas avós, na faixa etária entre 34 a 64 anos. Todas pertencem à camada social menos favorecida financeiramente e atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram utilizados como instrumentos fichas de coleta de dados biossociodemográficos a partir dos prontuários clínicos, a entrevista semi-estruturada (um roteiro específico para cada grupo) e o Desenho da Família (apenas com as crianças). Os dados foram analisados com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo temática e o teste projetivo baseado nos aspectos formal, geral e de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças dessa pesquisa estão inseridas em sistemas familiares marcados tanto por vivências sofridas e eventos dolorosos como pela superproteção. Os avós interferem na dinâmica educacional dos pais. O relacionamento entre os irmãos e colegas geralmente é marcado por rejeição e conflitos, o que as leva a experimentar solidão, acarretando prejuízos às relações sociais das crianças. A falta de coerência entre o que preconizam as políticas públicas relacionadas à prevenção da obesidade infantil na esfera social parece não favorecer o incentivo, o apoio e a proteção à saúde recomendados nos cuidados e ações contra a doença. O terceiro, analisa através dos núcleos Pessoa e Tempo do Modelo Bioecológico, as características pessoais e a história de vida de crianças obesas e de suas famílias que se inter-relacionam na gênese e manutenção da doença. O delineamento metodológico foi o estudo de casos múltiplos, que incluiu duas crianças, de ambos os sexos e duas mães. Os instrumentos utilizados na pesquisa foram uma ficha de coleta de dados biossociodemográficos a partir dos prontuários clínicos, a entrevista semiestruturada e o Desenho da Figura Humana (apenas com as crianças). Os resultados mostraram que as crianças apresentam dificuldades relacionadas a sua imagem corporal. Suas histórias revelaram segredos familiares relacionados às figuras parentais, fenômenos transgeracionais e relação mãe/criança caracterizada pela baixa autonomia da criança levando a uma falta de diferenciação da díade, o que dificulta o domínio dos problemas enfrentados. / Childhood obesity is a growing public health problem, usually attributed to genetic predisposition. However, inadequate food intake, lifestyle, family environment personal and emotional characteristics of children and social issues also relate to excess of weight. In this study was analyzed the relationship between family and social systems and the personal attributes of obese children in the development of childhood obesity, enlighten by the Bioecological Theory of Human Development. The thesis is composed of three articles. The first, through a literature review, describes the method of Bioecological Theory of Human Development of Urie Bronfenbrenner, research from families with obese children. The second, identifies the influence of ecological contexts of obese children that can contribute to their state of obesity. Eight children participated, of both sexes, aged between eight and twelve years, and their responsible, five mothers and two grandmothers, aged between 34-64 years. All belong financially to the lowest social layer and are assisted by the Unified Health System (SUS). The instruments used were a form to collect biossocialdemographic data from clinical records, a semi-structured interview (with a specific guidelines for each group) and the Family Drawing (only with the children). Data were analyzed based on thematic content analysis technique and the projective test based on formal, general and content aspects. The results showed that children of this research are embedded in family systems marked by both suffered experiences and painful events as also overprotection. Grandparents interfere with the educational dynamics of parents. The relationship between brothers and colleagues is usually marked by rejection and conflict, which leads them to experience loneliness, causing losses to social relations of these children. The lack of consistency between what public policies profess related to the prevention of childhood obesity in the social sphere does not seem to favor the encouragement, support and protection to health care and the recommended action against the disease. The third, analyzes, through the cores of Person and Time in the Bioecological Modell, the personal characteristics and the history of life of obese children and their families that are interrelated in the genesis and maintenance of the disease. The methodological delineation was a multiple case study, which included two children, of both sexes and two mothers. The instruments used in the research were a form to collect biosocialdemographic data from the medical records, a semistructured interview and the Human Figure Drawing (done with the children). The results showed that children have difficulties related to their body image. Their stories reveal family secrets related to parental figures, transgenerational phenomena and mother / child characterized by low autonomy of the child leading to a lack of differentiation of the dyad hindering the domain of the problems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bastos_kn_me_prud.pdf: 909275 bytes, checksum: 47774cd02b6c9356a1379ce3a33ac502 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivo: Analisar o gasto energético (GE) e a composição corporal de adolescentes obesos sedentários pré e pós teste de esforço máximo e analisar os resultados de adolescentes obesos submetidos a treinamento concorrente. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por dois grupos: 1) grupo sedentário (GS), composto por 70 adolescentes (31 meninos e 39 meninas; idade 13,7±1,4 anos); 2) grupo treinado (GT), composto por 16 adolescentes (10 meninos e 6 meninas; idade 14,7±1,0 anos), participantes de um programa para redução de gordura corporal. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi usado para classificação da obesidade, segundo Cole et al. (2000). A composição corporal foi analisada pela Absortiometria de Raios- X de Dupla Energia (Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry - DEXA) para estimativa da massa livre de gordura (MLG) e da massa de gordura (MG). O GE foi calculado a partir da equação de Weir (1949) [(3.941xVO2)+(1.106xVCO2)*1440], utilizando os valores de volume de oxigênio consumido (VO2) e gás carbônico produzido (VCO2), mensurados a cada 20 segundos por Calorimetria Indireta (CI) durante 20 minutos, antes (repouso – REP), durante e após (recuperação – REC) esforço máximo realizado em esteira ergométrica, com o sistema MedGraphics VO2000 no GS e no momento pré intervenção do GT, e com o sistema Parvo Medics TrueOne® 2400 no momento pós intervenção do GT. O GT participou de uma intervenção de 40 semanas de treinamento concorrente (TC), com frequência semanal de três vezes e duração de 60 minutos por sessão (aproximadamente 50% do tempo de treino aeróbio e 50% de treino resistido (musculação)). A análise estatística foi realizada no software SPSS versão 17.0 e a significância estatística foi fixada em 5%... / Objective: To analyze the energy expenditure (EE) and body composition of obese sedentary before and after maximal exercise test and analyze the results of obese adolescents undergoing concurrent training. Methods: The sample comprised two groups: 1) sedentary group (SG), composed of 70 adolescents (31 boys and 39 girls, age 13.7 ± 1.4 years), 2) the trained group (TG), composed of 16 adolescents (10 boys and 6 girls, age 14.7 ± 1.0 years) participating in a program to reduce body fat. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was used for classification of obesity according to Cole et al. (2000). Body composition was analyzed by X-ray Absorptiometry Dual Energy (DEXA) to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM). EE was calculated from the Weir (1949) equation [(3.941xVO2) + (1.106xVCO2)*1440], using the values of volume of oxygen consumed (VO2) and volume of carbon dioxide produced (VCO2), measured every 20 seconds Indirect Calorimetry (IC) for 20 minutes before (rest - RES), during and after (recovery - REC) performed maximal treadmill, with the system MedGraphics VO2000 in SG and in the pre intervention TG, and the system Parvo Medics TrueOne ® 2400 after intervention in TG. The TG participated in an intervention of 40 weeks of concurrent training (CT) with three times weekly frequency and duration of 60 minutes per session (approximately 50% of the time of aerobic training and 50% of resistance training (weight training)). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0 and statistical significance was set at 5%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2004 / Introduction and Background: The prevalence of obesity amongst both the adult and paediatric population has assumed almost epidemic proportions in many developed and developing countries. A recent study by the Medical Research Council found that a disturbing 20% of all South African children could be categorized as being obese. Limited data is currently available on the prevalence of obesity in South African children, particularly from the previously disadvantaged population. Given the global epidemic of paediatric obesity, hypertension and type-2-diabetes and the limited available data relating to obese South African children, further studies to enhance the understanding of the risk factors associated with the epidemic are imperative. Aims and Objectives of the Study: The objectives of the study were to: 1. Determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst leamers attending schools in the communities of Belhar, Delft and Mfuleni within the City of Cape Town, South Africa. 2. Determine the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension amongst learners attending school in the communities of Belhar, Delft and Mfuleni in the City of Cape Town. 3. To investigate the association of overweight and obesity with diabetes and hypertension in children and adolescents, and • To determine the risk factors associated with overweight, obesity, diabetes and hypertension Sample Population: Excluding learners that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 338 learners aged 10 - 16 years attending the government funded primary and secondary schools and residing in the target communities.

Orientador: Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:45:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Telles_RenatoKatchadur_M.pdf: 649348 bytes, checksum: 8277622e5d62f8c9e7399060ecf4833c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Introdução: Não existe consenso acerca de um critério diagnóstico universal para sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças. Pela simplicidade de obtenção e aplicabilidade o índice de massa corporal (IMC) vem sendo tema de diversos estudos visando seu uso para estes diagnósticos em pediatria. Objetivo: Determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade de três critérios diagnósticos de sobrepeso e de obesidade que utilizam o IMC em escolares. Material e Método: Foram analisadas 1595 crianças com idade entre 6,93 a 10,94 anos. Todas foram submetidas às medidas de peso e de estatura. A composição corporal dos avaliados foi obtida por meio da bioimpedância do hemicorpo inferior. Foram avaliadas as medidas da sensibilidade e da especificidade de três critérios diagnósticos de sobrepeso e de obesidade que usam o IMC (MUST, DALLAL e DIETZ-1991; COLE et al-2000; CDC-2000). Para a determinação dos valores de corte diagnóstico de sobrepeso/obesidade foi utilizada a curva ROC. Resultados: A sensibilidade dos três métodos diagnósticos de sobrepeso em meninas e meninos variou de 79,34 a 82,64 e de 91,30 a 97,39 respectivamente, enquanto que a especificidade para este diagnóstico variou entre 95,05 e 96,78 nas meninas e 87,50 a 96,43 nos meninos. A variação da sensibilidade para o diagnóstico de obesidade foi de 27,38 a 51,85 nas meninas e de 51,22 a 78,67 nos meninos enquanto que a especificidade para este diagnóstico foi de 98,41 a 100 para as meninas e de 97,44 a 100 para os meninos. Conclusão: Os três métodos diagnósticos avaliados apresentaram boa sensibilidade para classificar sobrepeso; baixa sensibilidade para diagnosticar obesidade; alta especificidade para o diagnóstico de sobrepeso/obesidade. O ponto de corte do índice de massa corporal igual ou maior que 18,50 para as meninas e igual ou maior que 20,00 para os meninos implica em melhora na sensibilidade sem perder qualidade na especificidade deste método em diagnosticar obesidade nos escolares / Abstract: Introduction: There is no consensus for the universal criteria of overweight and obesity diagnosis in children. Due to its simplicity and applicability, the body mass index (BMI) has been the object of several studies aiming at its diagnostic use in pediatrics.Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic criteria of overweight and obesity that use the BMI method in school children.Material and Method: A total of 1595 school children with ages ranging from 6,93 to 10,94 was analyzed. All children had their weight and their height measured. The body composition of the subjects was obtained by means of leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis. Measurements of sensitivity and specificity of the three diagnostic criteria of overweight and obesity that apply to BMI were assessed (MUST, DALLAL e DIETZ-1991; COLE et al-2000; CDC-2000). To determine the cut-off values for the overweight/obesity, the ROC curve was used. Results: The sensitivity of the three diagnostic methods for determining overweight in girls and boys varied from 79.34 to 82.64 and from 91.30 to 97.39 respectively, while the specificity for this diagnosis varied from 95.05 to 96.78 for the girls and 87.50 to 96.43 for the boys. The sensitivity of variation for the obesity diagnosis was from 27.38 to 51.85 for the girls and for 51.22 to 78.67 for the boys, while the specificity for this diagnosis was from 98.41 to 100 for the girls and from 97.44 to 100 for the boys. Conclusion: The three evaluated methods of diagnosis presented good sensitivity to classify overweight, low sensitivity to diagnose obesity, high specificity for the diagnosis of overweight/obesity. The cut-off point for the body mass index equal or higher than 18.50 for the girls and equal or higher than 20.00 for the boys implies better sensitivity without losing quality in the specificity of this method to diagnose obesity in schoolchildren / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Background: Obesity is a chronic and complex metabolic disease with associated comorbidities. The prevalence of excess body weight has risen substantially in both affluent developed countries and in developing countries worldwide. In 2008 it was estimated that 43 million children under the age of five were overweight, with developing countries accounting for 75 percent of these rates. Furthermore, with 75 percent of these children developing adulthood obesity, mortality rates due to obesity will continue to increase unless preventative interventions are implemented. Objective: To identify the prevalence of obesity and overweight among urban seven to 10 years old children in Quintile five English-medium schools in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Design and Methods: A quantitative descriptive one-way cross-sectional research design utilising random sampling was used. A total of 713 children participated in the study. A onceoff survey consisted of anthropometrical assessment of height, weight and waist circumference. To classify children into weight categories, the International Obesity Task Force cut-off values were used. A validated physical activity – related behaviour questionnaire was completed to explore and identify the daily level of physical activity expressed in MET values. Using one-way ANOVA’s and Chi-squared tests, significance between variables was analysed. Results: Overweight prevalence was 20.9 percent and obesity prevalence was 9.8 percent. A significant relationship was found between obesity and overweight levels for gender, age, ethnicity and culture. No significant relationship was found for obesity and overweight prevalence and physical activity. Conclusion: Results highlight the rising prevalence of obesity and overweight amongst urban children from affluent primary schools and the necessity for further research to explore sociocultural factors that impact on obesogenic behaviour in South African youth.

This diploma thesis analyses children's obesity treatment as it is applied in the Oliva children medical institution (ODL), Říčany. Managerial-economical methods were used to evaluate the benefits of the children's obesity therapy. The study hypotheses were that a) the ODL obesity treatment works well and b) the financial results are stable. Based on analysis of incomplete data from 2009, this study found that mean percentage loss of initial weight reached 5.8% (6.1% for boys, 5.6% for girls), a satisfactory result. In order to maximise individual weight loss, the length of one stay should exceed a month (30 days). The second part of the hypothesis, the financial analysis of the weight loss program, was not supported by the data. If economical stability (break even point) is to be achieved, the sanatorium must operate 350 days per year having 163 occupied beds. However, there were only 108 beds available in 2009 and the number of the beds continues to decrease. There are other, external factors that suggest long-term economic difficulties, such as changes in the national health-care system, pending property relations, and difficulties with both salaries and staff. In conclusion, recommendations are offered that can improve the program, given the constraints imposed on it by factors within and without the ODL.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Background: Worldwide, childhood obesity has increased over the past few decades. It has become a public health concern in South Africa and in many developing countries. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and perceptions of grade 10 and 11 learners towards obesity within Seshego Circuit of Capricorn District in Limpopo Province. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design and stratified random sampling method was used in the selection of 194 learners from three (3) high schools. Data were analysed using SPSS v24.0 and both frequencies and inferential statistics were analysed. Results: Results from the study showed that 53% of learners were females and 47% were males. The mean score for knowledge was 4.2 ± 1.08 ranges from 1 to 6 and 92% (179/194) of learners were considered to be knowledgeable. There was no statistical significant association between knowledge and socio- demographic profiles of learners (p>0.05). Shared perception of obesity among learners include lack of self-control (90%); losing weight naturally (40%); being less attractive than other children (74%). Conclusion: The findings from the study revealed varied perceptions on obesity with most learners significantly knowledgeable. Programmes focusing on prevention of obesity among learners should be strengthened.

Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist ein weit verbreitetes Problem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Auch der Anästhesist sieht sich im täglichen klinischen Alltag mit diesem Patientenkollektiv und den damit verbundenen pathophysiologischen und pharmakologischen Besonderheiten konfrontiert. In dieser Dissertation werden Anästhesieverfahren, intraoperative und postoperative Analgesie, sowie die Inzidenz von postoperativer Übelkeit und Erbrechen bei nicht-übergewichtigen und übergewichtigen Kindern und Jugendlichen erhoben und untersucht. Im Rahmen einer Observationsstudie wurden Daten zur Prämedikation, zu den Anästhesieverfahren, dem Einsatz von Muskelrelaxanzien, zu regional- und lokalanästhetischen Verfahren, zur PONV-Prophylaxe und Inzidenz von PONV sowie zum Analgetikabedarf intra- und postoperativ erfasst und anhand des BMI verglichen. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass bei nicht-übergewichtigen Kindern und Jugendlichen signifikant häufiger eine volatile Einleitung durchgeführt wird als eine intravenöse (p < 0,05). Hinsichtlich der Dosierungen der verwendeten Medikamente ergab sich für die Prämedikation mit Midazolam eine geringere Dosierungen pro kg KG (p < 0,05); dies konnte auch für die intraoperative Analgesie mittels Metamizol i.v. und postoperativ für Paracetamol p.o. im übergewichtigen Patientenkollektiv aufgezeigt werden (p < 0,05). Übergewichtige erhalten signifikant häufiger ein Muskelrelaxanz als Nicht-übergewichtige (p < 0,05). Dabei wird bei Übergewichtigen Rocuronium signifikant häufiger als andere Muskelrelaxanzien angewandt, während bei nicht-übergewichtigen Kindern häufiger Cis-Atracurium (p < 0,05) Verwendung findet. Übergewichtige und adipöse Kinder und Jugendliche weisen keine erhöhte Inzidenz für PONV auf. Als Risikofaktor für das Auftreten von PONV, unabhängig vom Gewicht des Kindes, ist die Applikation von Piritramid, innerhalb der ersten 24 h postoperativ, zu werten (p < 0,05). Hinsichtlich der Art des operativen Eingriffes konnte die Adenotomie als signifikanter Risikofaktor für die Inzidenz von postoperativem Erbrechen, unabhängig vom Gewicht, nachgewiesen werden (p < 0,05). Die Ergebnisse werden innerhalb der Promotionsschrift aufgelistet und es werden Gründe für Unterschiede beim nicht-übergewichtigen vs. übergewichtigen Kind diskutiert