Esta Tese trata da análise crítica da produção de edifícios de apartamentos recentemente ofertados pelo mercado imobiliário paulistano, no que se refere à qualidade de seus espaços internos e coletivos. O estudo parte de uma investigação sobre esta tipologia na cidade de São Paulo e seus reflexos - enquanto modelo - em cidade de médio porte, no caso Ribeirão Preto, no interior do estado. Na seqüência, busca-se a fundamentação teórico-conceitual sobre a qualidade do projeto e de seu processo de gestão, bem como das diversas técnicas de Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) comumente utilizadas. Para exemplificar esta abordagem são avaliados quatro edifícios de apartamento, como estudos de caso, que junto com as análises teórico-conceituais, formam o escopo proposto dos procedimentos metodológicos de APO para tal modalidade habitacional. As análises contidas na tese permitem apontar conclusivamente para a transformação do apartamento, em mercadoria, ou seja, sua conversão em produto imobiliário que tem se aproximado cada vez mais do conceito e da sua viabilização como produto não durável, contrariando suas origens fundiárias e o papel social da habitação. Aponta também para o papel do arquiteto neste cenário imobiliário, como profissional desvalorizado no sentido mais amplo da arquitetura e relegado a cuidar das questões mais cosméticas e acessórias dos empreendimentos residenciais verticais. Por conseqüência conclui-se que o projeto arquitetônico idealizado para os edifícios de apartamentos atuais não atende de maneira satisfatória às reais necessidades dos usuários. A tese destaca a premência de uma ampla revisão no processo de criação e de gestão do processo de projeto, ensejando que se desenvolvam procedimentos que incluam bancos de dados alimentados por APOs e também uma participação mais efetiva do arquiteto à frente deste processo. Em resumo, recomenda-se enfaticamente idealizar e construir o edifício de apartamentos e sua área comum, tendo como foco seus usuários finais. / This thesis deals with the critical analysis of apartment buildings design recently offered by São Paulos real estate market, regarding to the quality of their indoor and collective environments. The study starts from an investigation into this typology in São Paulo city and its impact - as a model - over a midsize city, Ribeirão Preto, located in the inner part of São Paulo State. Then, it seeks to theoretical and conceptual basis over the quality of the design and its management process, as well as the various Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) techniques commonly used. To support this approach, four apartment buildings were evaluated, as case studies, which together with the theoretical and conceptual analysis they form the proposed scope for the methodological procedures of POE in such housing modality. The analysis emphasizes conclusively the conversion of the apartment into good, that is, its conversion into real estate product that has been increasingly more closed to the concept and the viability of a non-durable product, opposing to its ground origins and the social role of housing. It also points out the role of the architect in this real estate scenery, as a devalued professional in the broadest sense of architecture and relegated to taking care of most cosmetic and secondary issues of vertical residential ventures. Consequently it is concluded that the architectural design for apartment buildings does not satisfactorily meet the real users needs. Finally, the thesis recommends the urgency of a broad review of the conception and the design management process, providing the development of procedures that include databases fed by POEs and also a more effective participation of the architect in this process. To sum up, it is strongly recommended to design and to build the apartment building and its surroundings focusing on their final users.

學校建築佔用最大宗的教育經費與投資，故實施學校建築用後評估，至為重要。台北市尚未有高中對學校建築進行全面用後評估，因此本研究選擇以南湖高中學校建築用後評估為主題。 本研究之目的包含:探討學校建築整體規劃與用後評估之理念與範疇;探究臺北市立南湖高中學校建築整體規劃的理念與過程；研析其學校建築新建完成後的使用情形與使用者的滿意程度；最後提出用後評估的建議，以作為日後改進之參考依據。 本研究使用的研究方法包括文件分析、訪談、調查、觀察等四種方法。以文件分析明瞭南湖高中學校建築之規劃理念。觀察校園內7處定點，訪談南湖高中校長、秘書、主任、教師等7人，以明瞭學校建築使用的情況。問卷調查學生113人，以描述統計、t考驗、F考驗等方法，比較學生在不同性別與不同年級間對學校建築滿意度的差異。 所得研究結論如下:南湖高中學校建築整體規劃的理念以整體性、教育性、舒適性與前瞻性為主。各項設施空間使用情形良好，符合規劃機能與預期效果。教師對壯觀的造型、齊備的教學空間與設施、多樣的活動空間與動靜分明的區分、流暢的動線等項目，尤感滿意。學生對教學空間的大小與使用滿意度最高，性別之間滿意度差異小，各項空間的使用滿意度一、二年級分別高於三年級。師生對使用現況的建議多屬修繕維護與使用行為事項。 本研究依據研究結論，提出建議如下:應推動學校建築用後評估；重視規劃之整體性、教育性、舒適性、與前瞻性；加強部分設施的管理與維護；發展圖書館為教學資源中心；鼓勵教師更充分使用優良的教學設施。以及對後續研究的建議等。 / The purpose of this research is to explore the notions of the total school building planning and the Post-occupancy Evaluation. Illustrated by Taipei Municipal Nanhu High school, the research has inquired into Nanhu High School’s concepts of total school building planning, the space usage condition and user satisfactory. The goal is to propose suggestions for the future use and the improvement. This research is conducted through document analysis, focus interviews, student questionnaire, and campus observation. The conclusions this research has reached and suggestions provided are as follows: (1) ‘The wholeness’, ‘educational’, ‘the comfortableness’ and ‘the foresightedness’ are the main concepts of the total school building planning of Nanhu High School. (2) Each facility and space are well-utilized, conforming to the purpose of design and reaching the planned efficiency. (3) The teachers are significantly satisfied by the spectacular exterior, all-ready teaching spaces plus facilities, various activity spaces, the clear division of mobility and immobility, and the efficient routes. (4) The students are the most satisfied by the size and the usage of the learning space. There is little difference in the satisfactory by gender. The freshmen and the juniors (Year Ten and Year Eleven) reach higher satisfactory of the space usage than the seniors (Year Twelve) in every item. (5) Most of the suggestions from the teachers and the students are about the maintenance and user behaviors. Ultimately, this research, based on the findings and conclusions of the study, proposes following suggestions: (1) It is advised and encouraged to apply Post-occupancy Evaluation. (2) The school building planning should value the wholeness, the educational-ness, the comfortableness and the foresightedness. (3) School should enhance the management and maintenance of certain facilities. (4) School library should develop into the teaching and learning resource centre. (5) Teachers are encouraged to proficiently utilize school’s high quality facilities.

本研究旨在運用用後評估的方法，蒐集並評析師生使用意見，輔以訪談學校行政人員，藉以瞭解綠建築規畫是否符合學校實際需求，及實務面使用後產生的課題，俾作為日後學校建築改善及未來規劃學校綠建築的參考。 　　為達上述研究目的，本研究係對新北市猴硐國小教職員及高年級學生、桃子腳國中小教職員及五、六、七、八年級學生以「新北市學校綠建築使用意見調查問卷」進行問卷調查，共計猴硐國小教職員問卷15份，學生問卷24份；桃子腳國中小教職員問卷78份，學生問卷263份。此外，並分別以「新北市學校綠建築用後評估訪談大綱」，進行校長或總務主任對學校綠建築使用意見與建議的訪談調查，輔以「新北市猴硐國民小學綠建築用後評估觀察表」及「新北市桃子腳國中小綠建築用後評估觀察表」，觀察二校學校綠建築使用與維護之情形，以期能獲取較完整且深入的綠建築用後評估相關資料。研究結論如下： 一、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小學校綠建築設計規劃能具體落實於實施現況。 二、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對學校所取得之綠化量指標屬滿意程度，且桃子腳國中小學生對學校所取得之綠化量指標滿意度因年級不同而有差異。 三、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對學校所取得之基地保水指標屬滿意程度，且猴硐國小教職員對學校所取得之基地保水指標滿意度因年齡不同、桃子腳國中小學生對學校所取得之基地保水指標滿意度因年級不同而有差異。 四、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對學校所取得之日常節能指標屬滿意程度，且桃子腳國中小學生對學校所取得之日常節能指標滿意度因性別、年級不同而有差異。 五、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對學校所取得之水資源指標屬滿意程度。 六、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對綠建築帶來學校認同感屬同意程度，且桃子腳國中小學生對學校認同感因性別、年級不同而有差異。 七、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對綠建築概念融入課程教學屬同意程度，且桃子腳國中小學生對學校將綠建築概念融入課程教學同意程度因年級不同而有差異。 八、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小綠建築使用與維護之情形良好。 九、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小綠建築實施之困境在於綠建築觀念較難傳遞與落實，需自設計初衷精神出發。 十、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小綠化量指標之困境在於整草與綠圍籬安全，需投入人力或社區守望相助為對策。 十一、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小基地保水指標之困境在於透水鋪面與紅砂操場之清整，以及滯洪池觀念之推廣，需納入預算編列，以及加深加廣宣達為對策。 十二、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小日常節能指標之困境在於夏季溫度過高以及太陽光直射，須以電器用品及移動座位為對策。 十三、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小水資源指標使用與維護情形良好。 　　最後，本研究依據研究結果提出建議，提供未來學校、教育行政主管機關進行學校綠建築規劃之有效參考。 / This study aims to use methods of post-evaluation methods, to collect and analyze the using opinion of the teachers and students. Supplemented by interviews with administrators of schools in order to learn about whether green building planning is necessary to meet the actual needs of the school, and practice topics arising from the use, as school buildings to improve and plan schools of green buildings in the future. 　For up above purposes, this study researches on staffs and the high grade students of Houtong elementary school, New Taipei City, and staffs and the five, six, seven and eight grade students of Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City by" Questionnaire of opinion of using green buildings of New Taipei City. " We took back 15 copies of questionnaire from Houtong elementary school staffs, 24 copies questionnaire from students; peach feet country small staff questionnaire 78 copies of questionnaire from Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School staffs, and 263 copies of questionnaire from students. In addition, we used" Interview outline of post evaluation of school green building, New Taipei City" separately to each school, to interview and study on the using views of principals and director of general affairs. Also, we used" observation table of post evaluation of school green building of Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School," to observe green building using and maintenance of two schools to get more related data of green building. Research findings were as follows: 1.Green building plan can be implemented in the application status in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. 2.Teachers and students were satisfied with the Greenery Indicator in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The satisfaction of Greenery Indicator varied significant from grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 3.Teachers and students were satisfied with the Soil Water Content Indicator in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The satisfaction of Soil Water Content Indicator varied significant from ages among Houtong elementary school staffs, and from grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 4.Teachers and students were satisfied with the Daily Energy Saving Indicator in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The satisfaction of Daily Energy Saving Indicator varied significant from genders and grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 5.Teachers and students were satisfied with the Water Resource Indicator in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. 6.Teachers and students were agreed with" green building can arise identification with school" in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The identification of school varied significant from genders and grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 7.Teachers and students were agreed with green building concepts into the curriculum in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The identification of school varied significant from grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 8.The using and maintenance of green building were good in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. 9.The dilemma of implementing green building was the ideas were hard to pass and implement in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. They can go back to the spirit from designed. 10.The dilemmas of implementing Greenery Indicator were weeding and the Green fence security in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. They can input more staffs and use support from community. 11.The dilemmas of implementing Soil Water Content Indicator Indicator were cleaning and putting water permeable paving and red sand playground in order in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City, including the practice of basin. They may get more budget and enhance educational guidance. 12.The dilemmas of implementing Daily Energy Saving Indicator lies in high temperature and direct sunlight in the summer in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. They need electrical appliances and mobile seats for countermeasures. 13.The using and maintenance of Water Resource Indicator were good in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. Finally, we offer recommendations based on the findings of this study, to provide administrative authority effective reference of green building planning of the schools administrations and education administrations in the future.

Post-occupancy evaluation is a mechanism of great importance for the performance evaluation of a building, as it makes it possible to evaluate the quality of the built environment regarding technical, functional, aesthetic and behavioral factors and diagnosing negative aspects and deficiencies in the space.Therefore, this work evaluated the social interest housing complex Loteamento Zilda Arns , in Santa Maria-RS, using methods such as questionnaires applied to residents, technical inspections and photographic surveys, the goal being to identify deficiencies and pathological manifestations of the construction process with cast-in-place concrete walls as well as to evaluate the quality and performance of the material and finishes used in the housing units and the complex itself. The opinion and satisfaction of the residents were taken into account. Sixty randomly selected housing units from the complex were inspected. These buildings are built with cast-in-place concrete walls, a commonly used rapid implementation system for massive building of housing.The main problem identified in the housing complex is related to the absence of collective equipment and leisure areas. As far as housing is concerned, pathological manifestations were identified with regards to the construction process and quality of the material applied in the buildings. Despite the problems uncovered by the postoccupancy evaluation, most of the residents are satisfied, which might not be related to the constructive quality and environmental comfort levels offered by their current housing unit but rather to the precarious state of their previous homes. / A Avaliação Pós-Ocupação é um mecanismo de grande importância para a verificação do desempenho das edificações, pois torna possível investigar a qualidade do ambiente construído, considerando fatores técnicos, funcionais, estéticos e comportamentais, diagnosticando aspectos negativos e deficiência do espaço. A partir disso, este trabalho de pesquisa avaliou as habitações de interesse social do Loteamento Zilda Arns, em Santa Maria-RS, através da utilização de métodos que envolveram a aplicação de questionários aos moradores, vistorias técnicas e levantamento fotográfico. O objetivo foi identificar as deficiências e manifestações patológicas do sistema construtivo de paredes de concreto moldadas in loco, avaliar a qualidade e o desempenho dos materiais e acabamentos das unidades habitacionais e do loteamento, considerando a opinião e satisfação dos moradores. Foram vistoriadas 60 unidades habitacionais, selecionadas aleatoriamente em todo o loteamento. As edificações são construídas com o sistema de paredes de concreto moldadas no local, o que caracteriza um sistema de rápida execução, comumente utilizado para a construção massiva de habitações. O principal problema identificado no loteamento está relacionado à ausência de equipamentos comunitários e áreas de lazer. No que se refere a habitação, foram identificadas manifestações patológicas relacionadas ao sistema construtivo e a qualidade dos materiais empregados na edificação. Apesar dos problemas identificados na aplicação da Avaliação Pós-Ocupação, a maioria dos moradores está satisfeito, porém esse fato pode estar relacionado com a situação precária da moradia anterior e não pela qualidade construtiva e níveis de conforto ambiental oferecidos na atual unidade habitacional.

Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-19T11:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMDCT.pdf: 3182046 bytes, checksum: c29a6f79e42bf9250557f1f5ae82488f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:50:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMDCT.pdf: 3182046 bytes, checksum: c29a6f79e42bf9250557f1f5ae82488f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:50:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMDCT.pdf: 3182046 bytes, checksum: c29a6f79e42bf9250557f1f5ae82488f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T18:51:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMDCT.pdf: 3182046 bytes, checksum: c29a6f79e42bf9250557f1f5ae82488f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-16 / Não recebi financiamento / Masonry is considered an advantageous and good economic performance alternative, reducing the large volumes of waste and the use of other materials (steel, wood and coatings). This system is widely used in building houses, commercial and residential buildings, however, its use in buildings for educational purposes is less common. The aim of this study was to analyze the masonry with concrete blocks from the user point of view, in order to verify the applicability of processes, sustainability and livability of the building built with rationalization of the stages of the t educational environment construction. The case study, State School Garden Marisa, in Campinas (SP), had its performance verification process analyzed in situ, with data collection conducted through questionnaires with users, teachers, staff and students, as well as verification of the sensitivity of users regarding comfort in the use of the building in the morning and afternoon, from 08:00 to 12:00 and 14:00 to 17:30. In addition to field research, we used bibliographical research, interviewing techniques and photographic records, all guided by ethical aspects as determined in legislation. After the investigation of this process through field research and literature review, it was concluded by the good applicability, livability and sustainability of masonry with exposed concrete block in the educational institution under study. The completion of the work indicates factors related to masonry design with exposed concrete blocks and building as a whole, leading to success in performance verified in the case study. / A alvenaria de blocos de concreto aparente é considerada uma alternativa vantajosa e de bom desempenho econômico, reduzindo os grandes volumes de resíduos, assim como o uso de outros materiais (aço, madeira e revestimentos). Esse sistema é largamente empregado em construções de casas, edifícios comerciais e residenciais, no entanto, seu uso em edifícios com fins educacionais é menos encontrado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a alvenaria com blocos de concreto do ponto de vista do usuário, no sentido de verificar os processos de aplicabilidade, sustentabilidade e habitabilidade do edifício construído com racionalização das etapas construtivas do ambiente educacional. O caso estudado, Escola Estadual Jardim Marisa, em Campinas (SP), teve seu processo de verificação de desempenho analisado in loco, com coleta de dados realizadas através de questionários com usuários, professores, funcionários e alunos, assim como a verificação da sensibilidade desses usuários em relação ao conforto no uso da edificação nos períodos matutino e vespertino, das 08:00 às 12:00 e 14:00 às 17:30 horas. Além da pesquisa de campo, foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, entrevistas técnicas e registros fotográficos, todos pautados em aspectos éticos segundo determinação de legislação em vigor. Após a investigação desse processo, por meio de pesquisa de campo e revisão bibliográfica, foi possível concluir pela boa aplicabilidade, habitabilidade e sustentabilidade da alvenaria com bloco de concreto aparente na instituição de ensino em estudo. A conclusão do trabalho indica fatores ligados ao projeto de alvenaria com blocos de concreto aparente e da edificação como um todo, que levam ao sucesso no desempenho verificado no estudo de caso.

A conscientização dos problemas que a poluição sonora acarreta e o emprego de soluções no projeto de edificações e no planejamento urbano, para amenizar tais problemas, são importantes para a melhoria da qualidade de vida do cidadão, da comunidade e da cidade. No âmbito das grandes rodovias que cortam trechos urbanizados, este estudo enfocou o conforto acústico em residências ao longo da rodovia Raposo Tavares (SP 270), a partir da análise de dados levantados por medições de grandezas acústicas, grandezas meteorológicas, contagem de fluxo de veículos, entrevistas, levantamentos físicos e fotográficos, tendo como base as normas e recomendações existentes e os procedimentos sugeridos pela metodologia de Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO). Verificou-se que em todos os pontos medidos, o nível contínuo médio de pressão sonora equivalente foi maior que os níveis recomendados pela norma brasileira e pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Calculou-se a atenuação causada pelas barreiras acústicas, se estas fossem implantadas frente a residências desprotegidas e a combinação desta solução com outras tecnologias como a pavimentação porosa e o aumento do isolamento das fachadas. Com isto, foram destacadas orientações quanto ao conforto acústico na interação de projetos de implantação de moradias e vias de transporte com níveis elevados de ruído. / The awareness of the problems which the sound pollution causes and the employment of solutions in the process of building design and the urban planning, to soften such problems, are important for the improvement of the quality of life of the citizen, the community ,and the city. Within the big roads which cross urbanized areas, this study focused on the acoustic comfort, in dwellings along the Raposo Tavares road (SP 270), from the analysis of data gathered through measurements of meteorological and acoustic data, traffic flow counting, interviews, physical and photographic surveys, based on the existing standards and recommendations and the procedures suggested by the Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE). It was verified that in all the measured points, the average equivalent continuous sound pressure level was greater than the levels recommended by the Brazilian standard and the World Health Organization. It was calculated the attenuation caused by noise barriers, if they were placed in front of unprotected dwellings and the combination of this solution with other technologies such as the porous pavement and the increase of the isolation of the façades. With this, guidelines concerning the acoustic comfort in the interaction of the design of housing implantation with roads with high levels of noise were highlighted.

近年來，國內有不少公私立大專校院相繼進行圖書館的新建或改建工程，反應出學校對於圖書資訊資源的重視性。大學圖書館於規劃時應注意空間的配置，如各區域的設計；注意空間中物理因素的規劃，如燈光、聲音、溫濕度、地點的選擇與其他考量因素，且大學圖書館的空間規劃應視每一所大學的教育目標、藏書量或座位數，再作彈性的調整。為了讓大學圖書館發揮更完善的功能，更符合使用者需求，必須以用後評估（Post Occupancy Evaluation）的觀點探討大學圖書館建築設計與規劃之實行成效，並檢視大學圖書館建築與使用者需求間的落差，如能結合圖書館使用者行為之調查結果，將可以幫助圖書館及建築師，日後在規劃設計做出最佳之判斷。 本研究旨在瞭解成功大學圖書館近年來努力的成果，可藉由用後評估來探討成功大學圖書館的建築空間與設施使用成效的各種因素，並發現問題、提出建議，以供現在及未來圖書館的管理者在建築規劃與設計工作的參考，作為未來設計者與研究者在規劃大學圖書館建築與設計之參考。 本研究首先透過文獻分析法，探討目前國內外圖書館建築及用後評估相關理論，並輔以個案探討。透過問卷調查法，探討目前成功大學圖書館的空間使用情況與滿意度。接著進行深度訪談法，以進一步瞭解成功大學圖書館，並探討相關人員對用後評估結果的看法及建議。最後結合文獻分析與上述研究發現進行分析與歸納，提出成功大學圖書館實施用後評估之具體建議。 研究發現：一、成功大學圖書館規劃乃依人文、科學及藝術不同空間需求設計；二、成功大學圖書館特色為模矩式設計、動線規劃清楚、多元化閱覽空間及設置電動密集書架；三、成功大學圖書館歷經長久研究、多方參與及審慎整合而成；四、藝文空間滿意度最高；五、服務空間滿意度最低；六、公共空間完整體現成功大學圖書館建築規劃設計理念；七、討論空間有效整合教學與研究需求；八、物理環境及設備尚待加強；九、具傳統與現代之美的圖書館建築；十、成功大學精神與象徵意義之建築。 最後，提出下列建議：一、建築規劃書是圖書館加強監督設計、管理和發展的資料；二、圖書館建築規劃設計應循專業與合理原則並告知限制條件；三、成立建築規劃小組與諮詢顧問；四、圖書館建築需配合校園整體發展；五、審慎評估物理環境；六、建立指標系統識別空間；七、空間規劃及管理應具有彈性；八、定期進行用後評估工作。 / In the past years, there have been a number of new college library buildings or reconstructing current libraries. This reflect the emphasis of these schools on the library and information resources. When mapping out college libraries, space allocation such as design of each area has to be focused on. One also has to pay attention to planning of physical elements in space such as lighting, sounds, temperature, moisture, selection of locations and others. Moreover, space planning has to be adjusted in accordance with education goals, size of collection and seats of each college. To fully develop the functions of college libraries to meet users’ needs, we need to adopt post occupancy evaluation to discuss the architecture design and practice performances of college libraries as well as reviewing the gap between college library construction and users’ needs. The combination of survey on library users’ behaviors will assist libraries and architects in making the best judgment in planning. The study aims to understand the results of the efforts of National Cheng Kung University Library in the past years. Post Occupancy Evaluation is adopted to discuss the elements such as architecture space and facilities performances of National Cheng Kung University Library, give questions and offer suggestions to serve as reference for library manager in construction planning and researchers when planning and designing college libraries. Literature is reviewed used with case study to discuss theories on architecture and post occupancy of domestic and foreign libraries. With questionnaire survey, space occupancy satisfaction is explored. In-depth interview serves to further understand National Cheng Kung University Library and explore comments and suggestions of related personnel after occupancy. At last, analysis and generalization is made to offer concrete suggestions to National Cheng Kung University Library on post occupancy evaluation. Based on the research findings, the conclusions include planning of National Cheng Kung University Library is based on the different needs of humanist, scientist and artists; 2) characteristics of National Cheng Kung University Library are matrix design, clear route arrangements, diverse reading space and establishment of compact bookshelves; 3) National Cheng Kung University Library is considered under long study, full participation and careful integration; 4) the art space enjoys the highest satisfaction; 5) the service space experiences the lowest satisfaction; 6) the public space completely expresses the design concept of National Cheng Kung University Library; 7) the discussion space effectively integrates the needs of education and research; 8) physical environment and facilities require improvement; 9) National Cheng Kung University Library has the building of beauty of modernity and tradition; and 10) the building expresses the spiritual and symbolic meanings of National Cheng Kung University. Based on the above results, we offer the suggestions: 1) Construction Planning is the material for the Library to enhance supervision on design, management and development; 2) Planning and design of the Library shall be made in the principle of professionalism and rationality with information of limitation conditions; 3) Construction Planning and Consultation Team shall be established; 4) Construction of the Library shall be in line with overall campus development; 5) Physical environment has to be cautiously evaluated; 6) Indicator system identification space has to be established; 7) Space planning and management shall be flexible and 8) Post occupancy evaluation has to be conducted periodically.

As tecnologias consideradas inovadoras podem apresentar vantagens para o setor da construção civil, como no caso da produção de paredes e painéis autoportantes que representam um aprimoramento na eficiência e qualidade do processo produtivo. A partir do ano de 2009, a industrialização da habitação social foi estimulada pelo programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (MCMV), mediante homologação do sistema construtivo inovador (SCI), no âmbito do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação Técnica (SiNAT). Para a obtenção do Documento de Avaliação Técnica (DATec), o produto inovador passa por avaliações de desempenho técnico, porém estas avaliações não respondem ao comportamento em uso destes produtos, e nem à manutenibilidade dos sistemas construtivos inovadores. Neste contexto, a Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) se apresenta como um método adequado ao propiciar, pelos seus procedimentos, a avaliação do especialista técnico e a percepção do morador usuário. O desenvolvimento da presente tese partiu da elaboração de um protocolo para a aplicação sistemática de um conjunto de instrumentos integrados, desenvolvidos no âmbito do Projeto Inovatec da Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), possibilitando a avaliação do desempenho das moradias de três conjuntos habitacionais diferenciados pela tecnologia construtiva. Este primeiro resultado proporcionou a crítica aos instrumentos e a proposta de otimização do método. Os instrumentos otimizados foram submetidos à avaliação de dois especialistas em desempenho de sistemas construtivos. Como resultado, foi proposto o critério de avaliação do SCI, à luz da ABNT NBR 15575:2013, de acordo com a relevância dos fatores de desempenho. Os resultados mostraram que o desempenho em uso dos sistemas construtivos inovadores é satisfatório, embora se apresentem indicações de reavaliação do sistema construtivo quanto aos procedimentos de manutenção e o fornecimento de assistência técnica. Além disso, recomendou-se a necessidade de reavaliação das interfaces dos sistemas construtivos e das falhas sistemáticas oriundas do projeto e da execução, sobretudo as que se referem à estanqueidade e à segurança, por comprometerem a habitabilidade da moradia, a durabilidade e a vida útil do sistema de vedações. / Technologies considered to be innovative can present advantages for the construction industry, as in the case of the production of self-supporting walls and panels that represent an improvement in the efficiency and quality of the production process. Since 2009, the industrialization of social housing in Brazil was stimulated by the My House My Life program (PMCMV- Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida), through the approval of the innovative construction system (SCI), under the Brazilian Technical Assessment System (SiNAT). To obtain the Technical Evaluation Document (DATec), an innovative product must be submitted to technical performance evaluations, however these evaluations do not address the behavior of these products once in use, nor to the maintainability of the innovative construction systems. In this context, the Post- Occupancy Evaluation (POE) presents an adequate method for providing, through its procedures, an evaluation by a technical specialist and the perception of the residentuser. The development of this thesis was based on the elaboration of a protocol for the systematic application of a set of integrated instruments developed under the Inovatec Project Funding for Studies and Projects (FINEP), facilitating evaluation of the performance of the houses in three different housing complexes differentiated by the construction technology used. This preliminary result provided a critique of the instruments and a proposal for optimization of the method. The optimized instruments were submitted to two specialists for evaluation of the performance of the construction systems. As a result, SCI evaluation criteria were proposed, within the context of the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards ABNT NBR 15575: 2013, according to the relevance of the performance factors. The results showed that the performance in use of the innovative construction systems is satisfactory, however suggestions arose for the reassessment of the construction system regarding maintenance procedures, and provision of technical assistance. Moreover, the need for the re-evaluation of the interfaces of the construction systems and the systematic failures originating from the design and project execution, especially those related to watertightness and safety, were advised, because they compromise the habitability of the dwelling, as well as the durability and the useful life of the wall system.

As grandes cidades brasileiras apresentam, atualmente, um quadro de desigualdades e segregação fruto de décadas de conflitos pela ocupação do solo urbano, principalmente por meio das invasões. O acesso à terra urbana tornou-se uma barreira social que exclui, dos bens e serviços básicos da urbanização, grande parcela da população das cidades. Diversas ações, ou intervenções, têm sido implementadas no ambiente urbano no sentido de contornar os problemas causados por este tipo de ocupação, desde a remoção das favelas até as urbanizações atuais. Do passado, ficaram as críticas às remoções e ao padrão de conjuntos habitacionais de periferias, construídos pelo Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH). Das ações atuais, destacando-se as urbanizações de favelas, pouco se sabe sobre o seu desempenho. Acrescenta-se à preocupação de avaliar estas ações, a necessidade de agregar, neste processo, a opinião dos moradores sobre o habitat recuperado. A Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) e os sistemas indicadores têm sido utilizados como importantes ferramentas para o provimento de informações sobre o ambiente construído em diferentes escalas. Embora estes métodos reconheçam a importância da opinião dos usuários no processo de avaliação, eles ainda encontram dificuldades ao tratar os conceitos subjetivos de qualidade. Se por um lado, as incertezas presentes neste tipo de informação têm imposto limitações às análises tradicionais, por outro, o surgimento de novas teorias e modelos que buscam incorporar as variadas formas de incerteza às análises propiciam a criação de novos campos de pesquisa: a Lógica Fuzzy é um destes novos campos de pesquisa. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer um método de análise de dados para a obtenção de indicadores de qualidade ambiental urbana em áreas recuperadas, levando em conta a opinião dos moradores, utilizando ferramentas de Lógica Fuzzy. Para isto, buscou-se aliar as técnicas utilizadas para Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) e sistemas indicadores com a Lógica Fuzzy para desenvolver ferramentas de análise, representando formalmente as informações vagas ou mal definidas presentes neste tipo de avaliação. O método obtido é divido em seis etapas: (i) definição de variáveis/indicadores; (ii) coleta de dados; (iii) identificação de pontos positivos e negativos; (iv) obtenção de indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos; (v) análise de resultados e; (vi) relatório de qualidade ambiental. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, onde se conseguiu agregar mais informação às análises realizadas. Os estudos desenvolvidos para a pesquisa piloto e para a validação do método em áreas do Programa Ribeira Azul revelaram grandes chances de sucesso das intervenções, mas também, problemas ainda não resolvidos que merecem atenção em projetos futuros. Por fim, recomenda-se a continuidade de pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas baseadas na Lógica Fuzzy, visto o grande número de possibilidades de aplicações que se mostraram no decorrer desta pesquisa. / Large cities in Brazil currently present a picture of inequality and segregation resulting from decades of conflict over the occupation of urban land. Access to land has become a social barrier which excludes a large part of the urban population from basic urban goods and services. A number of initiatives - including slum clearance and upgrading - have been undertaken over the years in an effort to ameliorate the problems arising from informal occupation in urban environments. From past actions, criticism has been developed towards slum clearance and towards the pattern of periphery housing schemes built by the Housing National Bank (BNH). Little is known about the performance outcome of the current actions, including slum upgrading. Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) and indicator systems have been used as important tools for the provision of information on the built environment in different scales. Although these methods recognize the importance of the views of users in the evaluation process, they fail to adequately reflect the prevailing subjective concepts of quality. If on the one hand, the uncertainties in this type of information have imposed limitations on the traditional analysis, on the other hand, the emergence of new theories and models that seek to incorporate analysis of uncertainty creates new knowledge fields: Fuzzy Logic is one of these new fields. This thesis aims to establish a method of data analysis for environmental quality evaluation of upgraded urban areas, taking into account the views of dwellers using Fuzzy Logic. POE and indicator systems were combined with Fuzzy Logic to develop analysis tools that formally represent vague and ill-defined information presented in this kind of evaluation. The method obtained is composed of six stages: (i) definition of variables/indicators, (ii) data collection, (iii) identification of strengths and weaknesses, (iv) obtaining quantitative and qualitative indicators, (v) analysis of results and (vi) environmental quality report. Results were satisfactory and it was possible to add more information into analyses. Studies carried out in a pilot research and validation researches of this method in areas of the Ribeira Azul Program showed great chances of success of interventions, but they also showed unresolved problems that deserve attention in future projects. Finally, additional researches are recommended in continuation of this research for the development of tools based on fuzzy logic, since a large number of possibilities of applications were disclosed in the course of this research.

Esta tese consiste em um estudo comparativo sobre qualidade ambiental interna e satisfação dos usuários de greenbuildings e similares convencionais. A amostra de greenbuildings (edifícios certificados verdes) foi estratificada para agências bancárias paulistas, localizadas na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, certificadas pelo selo verde LEED NC - e agências similares convencionais - cujo período de funcionamento fosse superior a um ano - intervalo mínimo requerido pelo método de avaliação pós-ocupação, adotado neste trabalho.Foram realizados levantamentos nos edifícios escolhidos, bem como aplicados questionários fechados e semifechados com perguntas direcionadas à satisfação e ao conforto dos usuários - funcionários e clientes - bem como medições de conforto ambiental inloco (temperatura, umidade, iluminância e nível de ruído). Foi efetuada análise estatística nos dados obtidos posteriormente a aplicação dos questionários e dos estudos de conforto ambiental, sendo estas medições comparadas também às normas e recomendações vigentes. Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que os funcionários dos edifícios certificados verdes se sentem mais satisfeitos com a empresa e consideram a qualidade ambiental interna superior aos seus edifícios similares convencionais; e que os clientes não percebem diferenças entre as edificações. Em relação à avaliação física, foram constatados elevados níveis de ruído em todos os edifícios estudados, indistintamente, acima das normas vigentes. Quanto ao conforto térmico, o sistema de condicionamento de ar manteve maior homogeneidade de temperatura nos edifícios certificados verdes, contudo os edifícios convencionais também se mantiveram na zona de conforto térmico. E no que se refere ao conforto luminoso, embora os valores de iluminância nos edifícios certificados verdes tenham se mostrado mais expressivo, ambas as tipologias se adequaram as normas vigentes. / This thesis is a comparative study on indoor environmental quality and user satisfaction in green buildings and conventional counterparts.The green buildings´ sample (green certified buildings) was stratified to São Paulo bank branches located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, certified by green certification LEED NC - conventional and similar agencies - whose operating period was more than a year - minimum interval required by post-occupancy evaluation method adopted in this work.Surveys were conducted in selected buildings and applied closed semi-enclosed and questionnaires with questions directed to the satisfaction and comfort of users - employees and customers - as well as environmental comfort measurements in loco (temperature, humidity, illuminance and noise level). Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained by the questionnaires and environmental comfort studies - measurements also compared to standards and recommendations. Based on the results, thefounds indicates that green certified buildings employees are more satisfied with the company and consider the indoor environmental quality superior to their conventional counterparts\' buildings; and that customers do not perceive differences between the buildings.Regarding physical evaluation, high noise levels observed in all buildings, without distinction, was above the current standards. As for the thermal comfort air conditioning system kept higher temperature homogeneity in the green certificates buildings, but also conventional buildings have remained in the thermal comfort zone. In addition, when it comes to lighting comfort, although the illuminance values in green certified buildings have been more expressive, both types are suited to local regulations.