Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-07-16T18:53:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Gustavo Ribeiro de Araújo. 2008.pdf: 3413068 bytes, checksum: bbecbb3f60e38e4d4cc16f2ef483cc3d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-07-16T20:33:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Gustavo Ribeiro de Araújo. 2008.pdf: 3413068 bytes, checksum: bbecbb3f60e38e4d4cc16f2ef483cc3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-16T20:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Gustavo Ribeiro de Araújo. 2008.pdf: 3413068 bytes, checksum: bbecbb3f60e38e4d4cc16f2ef483cc3d (MD5) / Este artigo objetiva conhecer a experiência de “estar acidentado” por trabalhadores que sofreram acidentes de trabalho (AT) não-fatais graves na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, na perspectiva fenomenológica e da antropologia médica, utilizando as “narrativas da doença” e a “experiência da enfermidade”. Durante aproximadamente quatro meses, acompanhou-se o cotidiano de três trabalhadores, para conhecer o significado dado por eles à experiência pós-AT. De acordo com suas narrativas, o caminho do tratamento é sofrido, na medida em que a falta de perspectiva de melhora leva-os a refletir sobre questões como o atendimento recebido no SUS, o processo de recuperação interminável e a (des)crença em voltar à vida de antes. Predomina o negativismo de ser uma pessoa limitada pela seqüela do AT, em um processo de descaracterização do indivíduo enquanto parte da sociedade. Problemas de ansiedade e nervoso foram comuns a estes atores sociais, presos a um cotidiano fechado entre as paredes da casa, por medo constante de se re-inserir na sociedade. O apoio da família é fundamental na adaptação desses indivíduos, dando suporte emocional e conforto para eles contra uma experiência sofrida. Esse processo fez com que eles se apegassem a espiritualidade na tentativa de dar significado ao sofrimento vivido, buscando na família e na religião formas de escape para esse constante processo de sair do mundo social. Pode-se afirmar que o AT ultrapassa os limites dos custos econômicos, gerando graves conseqüências sociais para os trabalhadores. Só é possível compreender essa dimensão quando mergulhamos no universo destes atores sociais, buscando entender o significado dessa experiência em seu cotidiano. / This article objectives to know the experience “to be caused an accident” for workers who had suffered serious non-fatal occupational injuries (OI) in the city from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the henomenological perspective and of the medical anthropology, using the “illness narratives” and the “illness experience”. During approximately four months, the daily routine of three workers was accompanied by, to after know the meaning of the experience of them after-OI. In accordance with its narratives, the way of the treatment is suffered, in the measure where the lack of improvement perspective takes them to reflect it about questions as the attendance received in the SUS, the process of interminable recovery and disbelief in coming back to the life of before. The negativism of being a person limited predominates for the sequel of OI, in a process of mischaracterization of the individual while it has left of the society. Problems of anxiety and sinewy had been common to these social actors, imprisoned to a closed in a daily routine between the walls of the house, from constant fear of if reverse speed-inserting in the society. The support of the family is very important in the adaptation of these individuals, giving emotional support and comfort for they against a painful and suffered experience. This process made with that they became attached the spirituality in the attempt to give meant to the suffering lived. It can be affirmed that OI exceeds the limits of the economic costs, generating serious social consequences for the workers. It is only possible to understand this dimension when we dive in the universe of these social actors, searching to understand the meaning of this experience in the daily one.

Magister Commercii - MCom / Occupational Health and Safety is largely determined by the creation of a Safety Culture that minimises risk. In South Africa the construction sector is the second most hazardous industry after mining. This study focuses on two exemplary construction firms in the Western Cape. The main research question is "How do the companies ensure coherent safety management practices that create a safety culture?" Based on a modification of a Balanced Health and Safety Scorecard for the Construction sector five sub-questions address safety management practices from a Management Perspective, an Operational Perspective, a Learning Perspective and a Client and Compliance Perspective. Data has been gathered from company documents, semistructured interviews, together with on-site observation. In conclusion the study reveals that management commitment, active communication and employee acknowledgement contribute positively to creating an effective safety culture on-site. Further studies are recommended with a specific view on small and medium companies in the construction sector.

Magister Legum - LLM / This mini thesis provides a comparative study on two Member States of the ILO. These are, namely: South Africa and Zimbabwe. The purpose of this research is to find out whether Zimbabwe and South Africa are complying with the standards set by the ILO regarding the issue of compensation for occupational injuries and diseases. The terms workers compensation and employment injury benefits are frequently used interchangeably.¹³ Workers compensation is the older term, generally used originally to refer to schemes which provide benefits in the case of death and incapacity due to accidents at work and, later, due to prescribed occupational diseases as well. These benefits could be temporary or permanent, total or partial. In these ILO instruments, the term employment injury is used to cover both accidents at work and occupational diseases.¹⁴ This mini-thesis determines whether South Africa and Zimbabwe are complying with or failing to meet the standards set by the ILO. The research further provides recommendations regarding the shortfalls that South Africa and Zimbabwe are facing so that they will get in line with the standards of ILO, because this is essential to the lives of millions of workers working in these two countries.

Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka förekomst av självrapporterade muskuloskeletala besvär(MSDs) hos tandhygienister. Metod: Metoden var en tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats med en webbaserad enkät som mätinstrument. Urvalet bestod av alla legitimerade tandhygienister inom den privata sektorn i Region Skåne som var sökbara via klinikernas hemsidor. Det var 92 tandvårdskliniker som kontaktades där det fanns totalt 159 möjliga deltagare. Resultat: Antalet tandhygienister som besvarade enkäten var 30 och av dessa hade 23 (77%) av deltagarna MSDs eller hade haft tidigare. Resultatet visade ingen statistisk signifikant korrelation mellan variablerna ålder, yrkesaktiva år som arbetande tandhygienist samt träningsmängd avseende förekomst av MSDs. Resultatet visade dock att ju äldre individen var desto högre var förekomsten av MSDs då besvären ökade från 43 års ålder. Det framkom även att de flesta deltagare utvecklade MSDs efter åtta år som yrkesverksammatandhygienister. Slutsats: Det var vanligt förekommande med MSDs hos deltagarna i studien.Ytterligare forskning med en större population krävs för att kunna säkerställa om det finns ett samband mellan variablerna ålder, yrkesaktiva år som arbetande tandhygienist samt träningsmängd avseende förekomst av MSDs. / Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)among dental hygienists. Method: It was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach with aweb-based survey as a measuring instrument. The sample consisted of licensed dental hygienists in the private sector in Skåne County that could be identified via the clinic’s websites. There were 92 dental clinics that were contacted and a total of 159 possible participants. Results: The number of dental hygienists who answered the survey was 30 and of these, 23 (77%) of the participants had MSDs or had it before. The results showed no statistically significant correlation between the variables age, working years as a dental hygienist and the amount of exercise regarding the prevalence of MSDs. It showed that MSDs increased when the individual got older, more specific from the age of 43. Most participants developed MSDs after eight years as working dental hygienists. Conclusion: MSDs was common among the participants in the study. Further research with a larger population is required to be able to ensure if there is a relationship between the variable age, occupational year as a working dental hygienist, amount of exercise and the prevalence of MSDs.

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No description available.

Work-related injuries are a persistent problem in the manufacturing industry. This research focuses on factors involved in the incidence, severity, and effective treatment of work-related injuries in a population of manufacturing workers. Data from a large Midwestern manufacturing facility were obtained with the aims of measuring the association between shift work and injury incidence, measuring the impact of injury reporting lag on injury severity, describing an intervention designed to provide expedited treatment to injured workers, and describing worker and injury characteristics associated with treatment success. Using injury and employment data from the Midwestern manufacturing facility for the years 2011 and 2012, we found that workers on second shift had a marginally significant increase in injury incidence compared to first shift workers. No differences were observed between third shift and first shift workers. Gender and job tenure were also found to be associated with increased injury rates. Job tenure was, in fact, a more significant predictor of injury than age. Using injury data from the years 2011 and 2012, we found that delayed injury reporting had a significant impact on injury severity. As the lag time increased between the date of injury and the injury report date, so too did the odds that the injury would lead to restricted work days. We did not, however, find the same association between reporting lag and lost work days. Injury type was a significant predictor of both restricted and lost days. Job tenure and body part injured were also predictors of lost days. Finally, we collected data from the years 2007-2009 on injured workers treated for musculoskeletal disorders through an intervention designed to reduce treatment lag time. The intervention, delivered by occupational health nurses and physical therapists, provided injured workers with a physical therapy visit within three days of reporting an injury. The intervention was designed to circumvent two barriers to timely care, the delay between the injury report date and the first occupational health physician visit, and the delay between the first physician visit and the first physical therapy visit. The most significant predictor of program discharge success was patient age. Older workers tended to have lower odds of being discharged to their baseline work duties compared to young workers. Overall, nearly two-thirds of the injured workers referred to the program were successfully discharged, regardless of gender, body part injured, cause of injury, or nature of injury. This project addresses the important issue of injuries in the manufacturing industry. We provide evidence on the factors associated with injury incidence and injury severity among workers in a large Midwestern manufacturing facility. We also show that workplace injury treatment interventions directed by occupational health nurses and physical therapists can be very effective in returning injured workers to their regular job duties. Our evidence suggests that future research and injury prevention efforts should focus on shift workers, low tenured workers, reducing delayed injury reporting, and reducing delayed injury treatment.

La tesi si occupa degli infortuni sul lavoro degli stranieri: essa approfondisce il tema della presunta maggiore vulnerabilità agli infortuni sul lavoro degli immigrati rispetto agli italiani e mira ad identificare quali fattori influiscono sull’accadimento degli infortuni degli italiani e degli stranieri, al fine di capire meglio le ragioni della loro differente vulnerabilità. Sebbene fin dagli anni Settanta diverse ricerche abbiano cercato di dimostrare se gli immigrati siano o meno più vulnerabili degli autoctoni rispetto agli infortuni sul lavoro e di capirne le cause, la presenza di molti limiti sia metodologici che di contenuto, ha impedito di accettare i risultati delle ricerche esistenti come definitivi. Il presente studio ha cercato di superare alcuni dei limiti delle ricerche precedenti attraverso la raccolta diretta di dati. È stata infatti realizzata una survey, attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario, su due campioni, uno di vittime italiane di infortuni sul lavoro (300 rispondenti) e uno di vittime straniere (200 rispondenti). L’area locale interessata è il Trentino. Il lavoro sul campo ha permesso di raggiungere i seguenti obiettivi: verificare se gli stranieri siano o meno più vulnerabili degli Italiani rispetto agli infortuni sul lavoro; stilare un profilo dell’infortunato straniero e di quello italiano ed individuare, attraverso l’analisi statistica, quali fattori possono aiutare a spiegare la sovra-rappresentazione degli stranieri nel fenomeno. / This thesis deals with the issue of occupational injuries among migrants: it delves deeper into the problem of their supposed higher vulnerability to occupational injuries in respect to Italians and aims to identify which factors influence the occurrence of work injuries in each of the two groups, in order to better understand the reasons of their different vulnerability. Even though since the Seventies researchers have attempted to demonstrate whether non-natives are more vulnerable than natives to occupational injuries and to explain the reasons for this alleged over-representation, the presence of many limits related both to the content and to the methodology of extant studies prev ented the reader from accepting these results as definitive. This research attempts to overcome some of the limitations of previous studies collecting first-hand data. A survey, though the administration of a questionnaire, has been carried out on two samples, one of Italian victims (300 respondents) and one of immigrant victims (200 respondents) of work injuries in a local Italian area (Trentino). The work on the field has allowed, then, to gain the following objectives: verify whether migrants are more vulnerable to occupational injuries than Italians; depict a profile of the injured migrant and of the injured Italian and finding out, though statistical analysis, the factors that help to explain migrants’ over-representation in the phenomenon.

Magister Legum - LLM / Chapter 2 of the Constitution contains the Bill of Rights, which ‘enshrines the rights of all people in our country and affirms the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom.’1 By rights being afforded to the employee in the workplace, such rights need to be protected (legislation being implemented by legislature is subjugated by the Bill of Rights).2 Labour legislation being implemented in order to protect the rights afforded to the employees,therefore creating fair labour practice in terms of section 23 of the Constitution. Such legislation needs to take in regards various rights of an employee, such as the right to privacy3 of an employee. This resulted in creating domestic legislation in order to protect employees’ rights to privacy. A detail discusses of how various domestic legislation were implemented to protect the right is discussed in Chapter 2. In addition to the implementation of domestic legislation giving effect to the right to fair labour practices, the Constitution requires that international law be considered when individual and a further international obligations with regards to international standards). Section 39(1)(b) provides that ‘when interpreting the Bill of Rights, a court, tribunal or forum must consider international law’. This means that standards set by the International Labour Organisation and Conventions must be considered when interpreting the right to fair labour practice.4 A detailed discussion is dealt with in Chapter 2. The primary research question of this thesis is ‘is an employee’s right to privacy infringed by requiring a medical condition to be disclosed on a sick note for purposes of statutory sick leave?’ In answering this question, a number of ancillary questions must be answered, including whether doctor and patient confidentiality is breached in disclosing such information on a sick note; to what extent medical information can be disclosed in the medical information; whether there is a potential for misuse of information disclosed on the medical certificate against the employee; whether such disclosure of information could lead to unfair labour practice where the employee can be unfairly discriminated against based on such disclosure and how is privacy is being protected and processed in terms of legislation domestically and foreign legislation.

Objetivo: Descrever e analisar os acidentes do trabalho ( acidentes-tipo, acidentes de trajeto, e doenças do trabalho) em motoristas residentes no Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Base elaborada a partir do banco de dados da Fundação Seade/Fundacentro, composto dos dados coletados nas CAT´s notificadas na Previdência Social do Estado de São Paulo, entre 1997 a 1999. Os casos de 14 567 motoristas foram categorizados em seis grupos. Taxas de incidência, mortalidade e letalidade foram regionalizadas para o Interior, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e Município de São Paulo. Resultados: Os acidentes ocorreram após, uma a três horas, e depois de sete horas de trabalho. O grupo “motorista em geral" representou 33,9% dos acidentes do trabalho, os de “caminhão" 32,4%, os de “ônibus" 12,0%, os “motociclistas" 11,0%, os de “caminhão pesado" 7,3% e “outros" 3,3%. A taxa de incidência do Estado foi de 42,5 acidentes/1.000 trabalhadores do setor “motoristas profissionais; para o Interior, 52,8; para Região Metropolitana, 31,1 e para o Município 32,4. A mortalidade no Estado foi de 11,0 óbitos/10.000 motoristas profissionais; 17,0/10.000 para o Interior e 6,6/10.000 e 5,0/10.000 para Região Metropolitana e Município. Neste grupo profissional, o estado de São Paulo apresentou uma taxa de letalidade de 26,0 óbitos/1.000 acidentes do trabalho, o Interior 32,1, a Região Metropolitana 21,0 e o Município 15,4. No estudo da letalidade específica, segundo estes agrupamentos criados e citados acima, os “motoristas em geral" destacaram-se com 33,9 óbitos/1.000 acidentes para o Interior. Os motociclistas, para a Região Metropolitana e o Município, apresentaram taxas próximas 11,9 e 12,2; respectivamente. Conclusões: O cálculo das taxas e a análise de grupos específicos de motoristas possibilitou detectar especificidades na ocorrência de acidentes, na mortalidade e letalidade. Os acidentes-tipo e a incapacidade temporária representaram a maioria dos eventos. As causas de acidentes e doenças relacionadas com o trabalho que atingiram a maioria dos motoristas foram: os choques/colisões, o mal-súbito e a perda auditiva. / Objective: To describe and analyze the work injuries (typical and commuting accidents and work- related diseases) of drivers living in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The analysis was carried out using the Seade Foundation and Fundacentro data gathered from 1997 to 1999. This data bank includes the accidents reported to Social Security of State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The studied population was composed of 14.567 drivers. The injuries were classified in six groups (general drivers, truck drivers, heavy truck drivers, motorcyclists, others. The incidence, mortality and lethality rates were classified in accordance to location: Municipality of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area and inland (the rest of the State). Results: Most of the accidents occurred after one to three working hours and after seven working hours. The group “general drivers" suffered 33,9% of work accidents, “truck drivers" 32,4%, “bus drivers" 12,0%, “motorcyclists“ 11,0%, “heavy truck drivers" 7,3% and “others" 3,3%. The incidence rate for the State of Sao Paulo was 42,5 accidents/1.000 professional drivers, 31,1% in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, and 32,4% in the Municipality of Sao Paulo. Mortality rate: the State showed 11,0 deaths/10.000 drivers, 17,0/10.000 inland of the State, 6,6/10.000 5,5/10.000 for Sao Paulo respectively for Metropolitan Area and the Municipality of Sao Paulo. The professional drivers showed the following lethality rates: the State of São Paulo: 26,0 deaths/1.000 work accidents, inland 32,1/1.000 accidents, Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area 21,0/1.000 accidents, and the Municipality of Sao Paulo 15,4/1.000 accidents. The analysis of specific lethality rates showed the following results: the highest rate was found for “all drivers" category in inland 33,9 deaths/1.000 accidents. The motorcyclists presented close numbers for the Municipality of Sao Paulo and Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area: 12,2 and 11,9/1.000 accidents, respectively. Conclusion: The typical accidents and temporary disablement represent the greatest number of occurrences. The accidents and work- related diseases affecting the greatest number of drivers were: collisions, sudden illness, and hearing loss.