Multi-core processors require a program to be decomposable into independent parts that can execute in parallel in order to scale performance with the number of cores. But parallel programming is hard especially when the program requires state, which many system programs use for optimization, such as for example a cache to reduce disk I/O. Most prevalent parallel programming models do not support a notion of state and require the programmer to synchronize state access manually, i.e., outside the realms of an associated optimizing compiler. This prevents the compiler to introduce parallelism automatically and requires the programmer to optimize the program manually. In this dissertation, we propose a programming language/compiler co-design to provide a new programming model for implicit parallel programming with state and a compiler that can optimize the program for a parallel execution. We define the notion of a stateful function along with their composition and control structures. An example implementation of a highly scalable server shows that stateful functions smoothly integrate into existing programming language concepts, such as object-oriented programming and programming with structs. Our programming model is also highly practical and allows to gradually adapt existing code bases. As a case study, we implemented a new data processing core for the Hadoop Map/Reduce system to overcome existing performance bottlenecks. Our lambda-calculus-based compiler automatically extracts parallelism without changing the program's semantics. We added further domain-specific semantic-preserving transformations that reduce I/O calls for microservice programs. The runtime format of a program is a dataflow graph that can be executed in parallel, performs concurrent I/O and allows for non-blocking live updates.

The use of WWW is more prevalent now than ever. Latency has a significant impact on the WWW, with higher latencies causing longer loading time of webpages. On the other hand, if we can lower the latency, we will lower the loading time of a webpage. Latencies are often caused by data traveling long distances or through gateways that add additional processing delays to the forwarded packets. In this thesis we evaluate the latency benefits of different algorithms for prefetching and pushing of web resources, from a proxy when the client cache is known. We found that the most beneficial algorithm is a two sequence data mining technique. This algorithm is evaluated on a live system where we improve loading time by approximately 246 ms with only a 27% traffic increase on average. The results were measured by evaluating a large set of clients on Opera Turbo 2, a distributed proxy with knowledge of the client’s cache. We also concluded that by using a more conservative strategy we can push prefetched resources to the client, reducing the client requests by approximately 9.3% without any significant traffic increase between proxy and client.

The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel is one of the oldest prestressed concrete structures in the United States. The 3.5 mile long twin structure includes the world's first underwater tunnel between two man-made islands. Throughout its 60 years in service, the harsh environment along the Virginia coast has taken its toll on the main load carrying girders. Concrete spalling has exposed prestressing strands within the girders allowing corrosion to spread. Some of the more damaged girders have prestressing strands that have completely severed due to the extensive corrosion. The deterioration has caused select girders to fail the necessary load ratings. The structure acts as an evacuation route for the coast and is a main link for the local Norfolk Naval Base and surrounding industry. Because of these constraints, load posting is not a viable option. Live load testing of five spans was performed to investigate the behavior of the damaged spans. Innovative techniques were used during the load test including a wireless system to measure strains. Two different deflection systems were implemented on the spans, which were located about one mile offshore. The deflection data was later compared head to head. From the load test results, live load distribution factors were developed for both damaged and undamaged girders. The data was also used by the local Department of Transportation to validate computer models in an effort to help pass the load rating. Overall, this research was at the forefront of the residual strength of prestressed concrete girders and the testing of in-service bridges. / Master of Science / According to Federal law, each bridge across the United States must be inspected by a licensed engineer on a biennial cycle – meaning every two years. Roughly every ten years, or when major work is performed such as a bridge widening, a load rating must be performed. During a load rating, licensed structural engineers analyze every structural component of a bridge under various loads. These loads include general traffic loads, heavy design loads, as well as special permit truck loads. For each of these loadings, it is proven whether each structural component has enough strength to withstand the load entering the member. Inspection reports are incorporated into the load rating analysis to account for any deterioration in the members which will lower its strength. Recently, a load rating was performed on the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel. The Bridge-Tunnel is a 3.5 mile long twin structure located in Southeastern Virginia. Throughout its 60 years in service, the harsh coastal environment has caused extensive deterioration to some of its main load carrying girders. The deterioration has caused the Bridge-Tunnel to fail its load ratings meaning load posting may have to be imposed. This means signs, and possibly security guards, would have to be implemented before the approach ramps preventing trucks over a certain weight limit from entering. The structure acts as an evacuation route for the coast and is a main link for the local Norfolk Naval Base and surrounding industry. Because of these constraints, load posting is not a viable option. The Bridge-Tunnel is one of the oldest structures of its type so the effects of the deterioration are not well understood causing conservative assumptions to be used within the load rating. This research describes load testing that was performed on the structure to understand the performance and deterioration effects of the bridge. The results and recommendations from this research were used by the load rating engineers to justify assumptions made and help pass the load rating.

<p>The live streaming of child sexual abuse is a serious problem that demands urgent attention from law enforcement, legislature, and the platforms that it occurs on. While child sexual exploitation and abuse crimes have been occurring for decades, the growing number of internet users combined with the recent Covid-19 outbreak has shifted a lot of these crimes online. Crimes that occur over live streams are particularly difficult to investigate. Previous research has highlighted four main types of challenges associated with these types of cases: legislative, social, technical, and investigative. While studies have been conducted that explored these challenges individually, this study fills a research gap by exploring which of these challenges affect law enforcement personnel that work live-streamed child sexual abuse cases post-Covid-19. For this study, an anonymous online survey was sent out to law enforcement individuals and agencies nationwide. The survey was actively distributed for one month. Out of the 29 responses received, 13 participants qualified to take the survey and were asked about the challenges they faced working these types of cases and about any solutions to these challenges. After collecting the data, descriptive statistics identified the challenges, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Following a grounded theory process, the analysis identified five main themes that encompassed multiple types of challenges and solutions. These themes were: a lack of consensus, education, the role of application service providers and platforms, a need for better technology, and out-of-jurisdiction challenges. These themes explored in-depth the participants’ responses and further identified the challenges facing law enforcement that work live-streamed child sexual abuse cases, as well as any current solutions to these challenges. Two main challenges frequently mentioned by the participants were end-to-end encryption and anonymizing services, and one of the main solutions to many of the challenges was the education of parents, children, and legislators. For future research, the author recommends exploration of the following topics: the investigation of the factors that play strong roles in determining the time it takes to investigate live-streamed child sexual abuse cases, research related to how AI could assist law enforcement working these cases, further exploration of a framework for the education of parents and children about social media usage and the risks of live streaming, how social platforms can be used in many ways, and research that examines how often law enforcement encounters live-streamed child sexual abuse cases/whether these cases are common or not. </p>

2014 var året då de Olympiska Spelen för första gången någonsin inte sändes i en public service-kanal. När Viasat och MTG (Modern Times Group) köpte rättigheterna till ett av världens största idrottsevenemang lyftes diskussionen om TV-rättigheter även hos gemene man. När priset för rättigheter stiger tvingas SVT att fundera över hur mycket exempelvis ett OS egentligen är värt. Hur och om går det att motivera att en publikt finansierad aktör lägger stora summor på en idrottsrättighet som kanske inte tilltalar den breda massan de finns till för att behaga. Klarar SVT av att upprätthålla det kravet om fler rättigheter försvinner från kanalen och public service? Hur påverkas SVT av aktörer så som Viasats möjlighet att spendera stora pengar på idrottsrättigheter? Vad blir konsekvenserna för SVT när de med all säkerhet inte kommer äga sändningsrättigheterna för de kommande fyra olympiska spelen?

LIVE ART is a program for students with special needs and students who are typically developed. They work collaboratively, with integrated forms of performance and visual art, culminating in a live performance. LIVE ART sought to use innovative methods of pedagogy, peer support and artistic influence to create a new curriculum where all students, regardless of ability, could grow. Along with this account, this thesis illustrates the experience of one teaching artist and his growth and journey through the program. His personal struggles with previous educational systems are mirrored in the struggles of the students, with their successes leading to his own. The thesis culminates in the revelation of teaching as a necessary mode for his own growth.

<p>Avian Influenza (AI) is a contagious viral zoonotic disease with great public health implications and negative socioeconomic impact (WHO, 2006a). The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection is transmitted from birds to man mostly through contact with contaminated poultry and objects (INFOSAN, 2005), hence people who come in contact with birds such as live bird sellers (LBS) are the more vulnerable population (WHO, 2006a). Inadequate knowledge of AI health risks and poor practice of AI preventive measures amongst LBS increases the risk of spread of the infection in both humans and animals.The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and practice of LBS with regards to avian influenza health risks and preventive activities in Agege, an urban area in Lagos State, Nigeria.</p>

According to the literature there are still very few researches focusing on the Online Live Instruction in e-Learning. By Integrating IP-Based Video Conferencing System and Full Screen Capture with Live Streaming Broadcast System into an LMS, instructors can provide Online Live Instruction. In this kind of environment, teachers and students can interact together like in conventional classroom. This study explored the process of Online Live Instruction, solutions for the encountered problems are also provided. SOP (Standardized Operation Procedures) are developed on how to conduct Course Material Lecturing and Group Discussion & Summary Report activities. Suggestions about Online Live Instruction for teachers, teaching assistants and students are also included.

<p>Avian Influenza (AI) is a contagious viral zoonotic disease with great public health implications and negative socioeconomic impact (WHO, 2006a). The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection is transmitted from birds to man mostly through contact with contaminated poultry and objects (INFOSAN, 2005), hence people who come in contact with birds such as live bird sellers (LBS) are the more vulnerable population (WHO, 2006a). Inadequate knowledge of AI health risks and poor practice of AI preventive measures amongst LBS increases the risk of spread of the infection in both humans and animals.The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and practice of LBS with regards to avian influenza health risks and preventive activities in Agege, an urban area in Lagos State, Nigeria.</p>

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-20T12:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2449701 bytes, checksum: fcb4338630c4ff04f8405e39407da24d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T12:35:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2449701 bytes, checksum: fcb4338630c4ff04f8405e39407da24d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / This research presents an exploratory and descriptive study on the journalistic coverage of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games conducted by the SporTV channel through the live video broadcast platform Facebook Live via smartphone. The goal is to understand the implications of using live streaming on news production and journalistic practices from concepts such as mobility, mobile journalism, post-industrial journalism and actants. The research is theoretically and methodologically based on the Actor-Network Theory, through the method of Cartography of Controversies, to trace actions of the human and non-human actants present in said coverage and to describe their actions as mediators or intermediaries in the sociotechnical associations that generate the analyzed transmissions. As a result, we observe a reconfiguration in the journalist's role, which is to perform new functions, as well as a greater participation of the public in the construction of narratives, and also the growth of non-human actors such as algorithms, Facebook platforms, smartphones and infrastructure of internet connection networks. / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo exploratório e descritivo sobre a cobertura jornalística das Olimpíadas Rio 2016 realizada pelo canal SporTV através da plataforma de transmissão de vídeos ao vivo Facebook Live via smartphone. O objetivo é compreender as implicações do uso do live streaming sobre a produção da notícia e das práticas jornalísticas a partir de conceitos como mobilidade, jornalismo móvel, jornalismo pós-industrial e actantes. A pesquisa fundamenta-se teórica e metodologicamente na Teoria Ator-Rede para, através do método de Cartografia de Controvérsias, rastrear ações dos actantes humanos e não-humanos presentes na referida cobertura e descrever suas atuações como mediadores ou intermediários nas associações sociotécnicas que geram as transmissões analisadas. Como resultados observamos uma reconfiguração na atuação do jornalista, que passa a desempenhar novas funções, bem como uma maior participação do público na construção das narrativas e também o crescimento da atuação de atores não-humanos como algoritmos, plataformas do Facebook, o smartphone e a infraestrutura de redes de conexão de internet.